Key Issue 1: Where is Industry Distributed?

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1 Revised 2017 NAME: PERIOD: Rubenstein: The Cultural Landscape (12 th edition) Chapter Eleven Industry and Energy (pages 382 thru 429) This is the primary means by which you will be taking notes this year and they are referred to in the course as Key Issue Questions or Guided Reading Notes. You will be expected to print out these pages from the class webpage and write the answers directly below each question. These notes are to be kept in a 3-ring binder for the entire year and will be the foundation for studying for the individual section reading checks and chapter tests, the Semester Exams, and the AP Exam in May. Key Issue 1: Where is Industry Distributed? INTRODUCING INDUSTRY AND ENERGY LEARNING OUTCOME UNDERSTAND THE CAUSES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1. When and where and was the hearth for modern industry and the Industrial Revolution? 2. Prior to the Industrial Revolution where were industrial activities generally to be found in Great Britain? 3. In geographic terms, what was the cottage industry system? 4. What invention was most important to the development of factories in the mid-18 th century? 5. The Industrial Revolution contributed to greater productivity and a higher standard of living, which is associated with population growth and Stage of the demographic transition model. 6. Industrial Revolution resulted not only in new industrial inventions and innovations, but also in,, and changes. 7. The first industry to benefit from the Industrial Revolution was. 8. What part did canals and railroads play in the development of industry?

2 9. What was Richard Arkwright s contribution to the development of the textile industry? 10. James Watt s steam engine (1769) replaced as the primary source of power used by early forms of factories. 11. How did the changes in the textile industry lead to the growth of the chemical industry? 12. What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on food processing methods? 13. Manufacturing depends on the availability of. Historically people have relied on a combination of animate power, which is, and biomass fuel, which is. 14. What is a fossil fuel? 15. About 83% of the world s energy needs are supplied by,, and. 16. Renewable resources are and nonrenewable resources are. INDUSTRIAL REGIONS LEARNING OUTCOME DESCRIBE THE LOCATIONS OF THE THREE PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIAL REGIONS 17. A majority of the world s industrial production is concentrated in what three world regions?,, and Four countries currently produce 50 percent of the world s industrial output: c. d. Familiarize yourself with the importance of each of the industrial areas shown in Figures 11-5, 11-6, and Consider making flashcards to assist you in learning this information.

3 Key Issue 2: Why Are Situation and Site Factors Important? SITUATION FACTORS: PROXIMITY TO INPUTS LEARNING OUTCOME IDENTIFY THE TWO TYPES OF SITUATION FACTORS 18. What major cost (situation) factor do companies try to minimize when selecting an optimal plant location? 19. What are the three site factors included in the geographic costs of deciding where to locate a factory?,, and 20. What are examples of manufacturing inputs? 21. Earth has natural elements, and about percent of the crust is composed of of them. These common elements when combined with thousands of rare ones form approximately different minerals. Minerals are classified as either being or. 22. What are examples of nonmetallic minerals? 23. What are common characteristics of metallic minerals? An alloy is a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements, especially to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion. 24. What are examples of metals used to make ferrous alloys? 25. What are examples of metals used to make nonferrous alloys? 26. What is meant by a bulk-reducing industry? 27. Where is the copper industry primarily located in the U.S.?

4 SITUATION FACTORS: PROXIMITY TO MARKETS LEARNING OUTCOME EXPLAIN WHY SOME INDUSTRIES LOCATE NEAR MARKETS 28. What is meant by a bulk-gaining industry? 29. Two common examples of bulk-gaining industries are 30. Single market manufacturers are. 31. Two common examples of single-market manufacturers are Proximity to markets is also a critical locational factor (obviously!) for perishable-products companies and motor vehicle production and sales. 32. Why might newspapers, such as the Tampa Bay Times, also be considered a perishable product? CHANGING SITUATION FACTORS: STEEL LEARNING OUTCOME DESCRIBE HOW THE OPTIMAL LOCATION FOR STEEL PRODUCTION HAS CHANGED 33. What are the two main ingredients to make steel? and Refer to Figure to answer the following 34. Why was the steel industry concentrated around Pittsburgh in the mid 1800s? 35. Why were early U.S. steel factories relocated near Lake Erie and Lake Michigan in the late 1800s?

5 36. Why were the mid-20 th century U.S. steel plants located on the coasts? 37. How do the minimills compare to the larger, more traditional integrated steel mills? 38. Identify from the reading developing nations that are now leaders in global steel production. TRUCK, TRAIN, SHIP, OR PLANE? LEARNING OUTCOME EXPLAIN WHY INDUSTRIES USE DIFFERENT MODES OF TRANSPORTATION 39. The basic rule of thumb is the farther something is transported, the. 40. What are advantages and/or disadvantages of each of the four methods of transportation? trucks: trains: c. ships: d. airplanes: 41. What is a break-of-bulk point? 42. How has containerization made the transfer of goods between modes of transportation easier? 43. What are advantages and disadvantage to just-in-time delivery? advantages:

6 disadvantages: SITE FACTORS IN INDUSTRY LEARNING OUTCOME UNDERSTAND THE THREE TYPES OF SITE FACTORS 44. What three production (site) factors do companies consider when selecting an optimal plant location?,, and 45. A labor-intensive industry is when and other paid to employees makes up a high percentage of the company s expenses. An industry with much lower than average percentage of labor costs is called intensive. 46. How does a high-wage industry differ form a labor-intensive industry? 47. What two site factors were important in the establishment of Silicon Valley high-tech industries? 48. What has become the critical factor in the distribution of industry in developing countries? 49. Why were early factories located within cities? situation factors: site factors: 50. What are two ways in which more modern factories differ from the earlier ones? CHANGING SITE FACTORS: CLOTHING LEARNING OUTCOME EXPLAIN THE DISTRIBUTION OF CLOTHING PRODUCTION 51. Production of apparel (clothing) and textiles (making of woven fabrics) are typical industries that use, workers.

7 52. Why are spinning and weaving jobs primarily concentrated in developing countries, such as China and India? 53. What are the four primary product categories that fall under the assembly step of textile production? 54. Why do developed countries play a larger role in textile/apparel assembly than in spinning and weaving?