What s Happening. Solar Power. Johnny Weiss Executive Director. 3/11/2005 Solar Energy International (SEI) 1

Transcription

1 Solar Power What s Happening Johnny Weiss Executive Director Solar Energy International (SEI) P.O. Box South 2 nd St. Carbondale, CO /11/2005 Solar Energy International (SEI) 1

2 Solar Power with SEI Renewable Energy Education for a Sustainable Future 3/11/2005 Solar Energy International (SEI) 2

3 51

4 RE = solar, wind, and water power.

5 SEI s R.E.E.P. Renewable Energy Education Program Photovoltaics Wind Power Micro-Hydro Power Solar Home Principles Natural House Building Biodiesel Alternative Fuels RE for the Dev. World

6 Solar Energy International (SEI) Charitable Programs Solar In Schools - SIS Women s RE Training International - INVEST

7 SEI s Women's Program

8 SEI s International Program - INVEST Education Training Volunteer Opportunities

9 Solar Electricity Photovoltaics (PV)

10 Courtesy of Solar Today

11 It is an exciting time for solar electricity!

12 Photovoltaics = PV Down to earth

13 PV Rural Electrification Water, lights, refrigeration +

14 1 st Priority - PV Water Pumping

15 Two billion people in the developing world don t have access to electricity

16 A better source of light for 1/3 of the world!

17 Solar Home Systems (SHS) US $500 - $1,500

18 Chauganphaya Village in Humla NEPAL (Latitude 30 North, Longitude East, Altitude 2643 m) What is needed? Light Stove Pit Latrine Drinking Water Photo courtesy of Alex Zahnd Village situation in 2003: 62 homes, and 365 peoples No house had light All homes cooked on open fires No home had a toilets All drank dirty river water

19 At altitude of 3,000 meter (9,443 feet) above sea level, lies the KU-RDC High Altitude Research Station in Simikot. Photo courtesy of Alex Zahnd

20 How do PV SYSTEMS work?

21 Electrical end use equipment pumps, lights, tools, appliances LOADS

22 DAY USE SYSTEM Simple, elegant, and lowest cost PV system.

23 DC SYSTEMS WITH BATTERIES Stand-Alone (utility independent) systems require battery storage.

24 Stand-Alone systems must have batteries.

25 Stand-Alone PV System (with only AC loads)

26 INVERTERS Change Direct Current (DC) to Alternating Current (AC).

27 Stand-Alone PV systems are often cost-effective for remote electrical energy off-grid independence.

28 PV SYSTEM COMPONENTS (Stand-Alone with both DC & AC loads)

29 UTILITY-INTERACTIVE PV SYSTEM (NO BATTERIES REQUIRED!)

30 Utility-Interactive PV Systems Grid-Tie / Line-Tie (without batteries)

31 UTILITY-INTERACTIVE WITH BATTERY BACK-UP Main Service Panel

32 Grid-Connected PV System with battery back-up

33 DC SYSTEM SCHEMATIC

34 PV SYSTEM WITH GENERATOR BACK-UP

35 Cell PV Technology & Terminology Module Array

36 How a solar cell works * N-Layer (phosphorous) P-N Junction wire electron flow P-Layer (boron) Magnified Cross Section*

37 MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON MODULES Most efficient commercially available module (11% - 14%) Most expensive to produce Circular (squaround) cell creates wasted space on module 1.5 volts per cell (nominal)

38 POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON MODULES Slightly less expensive to make than single crystalline modules Cells slightly less efficient than a single crystalline (10% - 12%) Square shape cells fit into module efficiently using entire space Also called multi-crystalline

39 AMORPHOUS THIN FILM SILICON MODULE Most inexpensive cell technology to produce. Vacuum deposition applies silicon on a substrate Amorphous silicon can be made monolithically (as a single unit) Metal grid replaced with transparent oxides that conduct electricity Efficiency = 6-8% Can be deposited on flexible substrate

40 WATTAGE/SIZE COMPARISON Monocrystalline (Single-crystalline) Polycrystalline (Multi-crystalline) Amorphous Thin Film 75 Watts 80 Watts 43 Watts

41 JUNCTION BOXES

42 MODULE FRAMES

43 TYPICAL CURRENT-VOLTAGE (I-V) Performance Curve 25 C (77 F) cell temperature and 1000 W/m² insolation Isc Imp Maximum Power Voltage & Current Important Points: Maximum Power Point ( V mp, I mp ) Open Circuit Voltage ( V oc ) Short Circuit Current ( I sc ) V mp Voc

44 MONOCRYSTALLINE - SHADING EFFECT Amps Partial Module Shading Effect Unshaded Module 1 cell 25% shaded 1 cell 50% shaded 1 cell 75% shaded 1 cell 100% shaded The Extreme Effects of Shading % of One Cell Shaded % Loss of Module Power 0 % 0% 25 % 25 % 50 % 50 % 75 % 66 % l00 % 75 % with 3 cells shaded 93 % Volts

45 EFFECT OF INSOLATION Amps W/m W/m W/m W/m W/m W/m Volts Sunlight intensity dramatically affects CURRENT.

46 EFFECT OF CELL TEMPERATURE 3 Amps C 30 C 40 C 50 C 60 C 70 C 80 C Volts Higher cell temperature reduces voltage.

47 SELECTING THE CORRECT MODULE Practical Criteria Best Supplier * Size Voltage Availability Warranty Mounting Characteristics Cost (per watt)

48 BIPV Building Integrated PV

49 BIPV PV Wall Glazing Systems

50 Roofs and Walls

51 Daylighting & Electricity

52 SUNSLATES Roof tiles

53 Sunslates

54 Two Mile Ranch Wyly Project Woody Creek, Colorado SEI/Fenton Construction Atlantis Energy Inc. - Sunslates

55 Atlantis Energy Systems SunSlates

56 LARGE ROOF INSTALLATION 20+ year warranty

57 Large wall applications in Europe

58 SOUND BARRIER

59 SHADING ELEMENT

60 BUTLER BUILDING

61 540 kw Solarport at CalExpo

62 BIPV on CA Toyota Roof Ballasted mount no roof penetrations

63 Uni-Solar Inc. (Thin-film PV) Roofing Shingles Standing Seam

64 13 NEW HOMES IN COMPTON, CA 2.5 kw SYSTEM EACH

65 12.5 kw UNI-SOLAR SHR-17 solar shingle roof Fairfield University, Connecticut

66 Santa Clarita Service Station Los Angeles, CA 20kW

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68 Choice Payback vs.value?

69 Choose RE for a sustainable future!

70 The Solar Cat

71

72 If we can t learn to live intelligently and powerfully on earth in the most beautiful places on earth, what hope is there for us? George Sibley - Gunnison, CO 49

73 Thank you! Johnny Weiss S.E.I.

74 Thank you!