Sources of Greenhouse Gases in East Asia (SOGG EA) Sources of Greenhouse Gases in East Asia (SOGG EA)

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1 Sources of Greenhouse Gases in East Asia (SOGG EA) Sources of Greenhouse Gases in East Asia (SOGG EA) N. I. Kristiansen, F. Prata, A. Stohl, F. Stordal, A. Ding, T. Wang, L. Zhou

2 Background and Partners Project funded by the Norwegian Research Council, to start in 2010 Partners are: Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo (UiO) Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HKPU), Hong Kong, China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, China Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services (CAWAS)/Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China

3 Motivation Rapid economic development in East Asia Globally significant emissions of greenhouse gases in the area Large uncertainties in greenhouse gas emissions Bottom up emission inventories often missing and/or inaccurate Lack of measurement data

4 Greenhouse Gases Carbon dioxide: CO 2 Methane: CH 4 Halocarbons ChloroFluoroCarbon: C b CFC HydroChloroFluoroCarbon: HCFC HydroFluoroCarbon: HFC

5 Objectives Quantify the natural and anthropogenic sources of selected greenhouse gases in East Asia and particularly in China using in situ and satellite remote sensing data, a Lagrangian particle dispersion model and an inversion algorithm Inversion studies for selected halocarbons (mostly HCFCs and HFCs) based on in situ measurement data Use in situ and satellite data to infer biogenic and anthropogenic fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide in East Asia

6 Data + CAMS data from Shangdianzi station (north of Beijing): halocarbon g ( j g) + data from two Japanese stations (Hateruma+Ochi-ishi)

7 Constraints from measurement data Average emission sensitivity for the year 2008 from 20-day FLEXPART backward simulations from stations Shangdianzi, Ochi-ishi, Hateruma, Gosan: relatively good constraint on emissions in several countries in East Asia

8 Example: HFC 23 FC-23 is an unintentional byproduct of CFC-22 production hould originate mainly from HCFC-22 roduction plants (point sources) /3 of global emissions in China (EDGAR nventory) DGAR inventory, however, shows a smooth istribution of a priori emissions nversion based on data from Gosan, Ochishi and Hateruma recovers known ocations of HCFC-22 production plants asterisks in b) and c)) ohl et al (2010): In preparation for Atmos Chem ohl et al. (2010): In preparation for Atmos. Chem. ys.

9 CH 4 and CO 2 In situ data likely insufficient to constrain the substantial spatial and temporal variability of emissions Solution: Use additional satellite data

10 GOSAT IBUKI The Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite Launched on 23. January 2009 Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation (TANSO) instrument onboard Ascertain the global distributions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) and the geographical distribution of and seasonal and inter annual variations in the flux (i.e., emission and absorption) of greenhouse gases.

11 SOGG EA summary Norwegian groups: Transport modeling Inversion techniques Satellite retrievals Atmospheric modeling and data analyses Chinese groups: In situ measurements of atmospheric trace gases and their interpretation Modeling Outcome of the project: Give accurate information on greenhouse gas sources for assessing the global greenhouse gas emissions and for planning mitigation measures of greenhouse gases.

12 Co control of air pollution (AP) and climate change (CC) Air pollutants such as SO 2, NO X and particles (PM) need to be regulated. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions i (Ozone, CO 2, methane) need to be reduced. Climate change mitigation can reduce air pollution, and actions mitigating local and regional air pollution can reduce GHG emissions. AP and CC policies will have effects on each other and it is therefore a need to jointly assess AP and dcc policies i An integrated control of AP and GHG emissions (co control) will create co benefits and be cost effective.

13 he Co control China project proposal Policy makers need to be aware of the potential short term climate effects of AP policies, to enhance win win combinations and avoid mitigation policies that are counter productive in one of the areas Example from China: National PM control costs can be reduced by more than 100 bn RMB per year by combining AP and GHG control measures instead of only AP measures, and at the same time reduce the CO 2 emissions by 8% (Reference: IIASA; Gains model)

14 he Co control China project proposal The Goal of the project: to study co control of air pollution and GHGs in order to provide technical guidance for MEP s 12 th and 13 th five year environmental plan. The focus will be on different sectors, technology and policy. To make a shift to low carbon/sulphur by a root of problem policy. A 3 4 year project application for funding by MEP and the Norwegian Embassy in Beijing Project partners: China side: Policy Research Centre for Environment and Economy (PRCEE of MEP), Development Research centre of the State Council, Beijing Normal, Renmin and Tsinghua Universities, China Environmental Certification Centre

15 Contact information For more information please contact: SOGG EA: Andreas Stohl at NILU Co Control China: Steinar Larssen at NILU