Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology has the following important advantage:

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1 Before Petroleum

2 CSP vs. Other Renewable Energy Technologies Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology has the following important advantage: Augmenting existing coal power plants as well as industrial plants using fossil fuel generated steam and heat are much larger and immediate market for solar thermal energy sector than building new renewable energy electric power plants. HITTITE evaluated existing Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies (Tower, Dish, Fresnel and Parabolic Trough) as summarized below, and decided to concentrate its activities to solving the technical and cost problems of the existing Parabolic Solar Trough systems.

3 Our CSP Parabolic Solar Trough Technology vs. Others 354MW Solar Trough Power Plant Kramer Jct. & Barstow, California, USA 64MW Nevada Solar One Power Plant Nevada, USA Mirror covered Parabolic Troughs concentrate solar light on Heat Receiver pipes located at the focal axis of the Parabolic Trough, achieving high temperatures. Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) is circulated through the Heat Receiver pipe to recover and deliver this heat to a central station where heat exchangers are used to generate steam. This steam is used to run turbines generating electricity.

4 Our CSP Parabolic Solar Trough vs. Others. CSP By All Others Oil is used as HTF (Heat Transfer Fluid HITTITE CSP DSG (Direct Steam Generation) eliminates the cost and infficiency of using oil and heat exchangers, Hittite technology generates steam directly. Other CSP systems utilize oil as Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) which requires the use of oil and heat exchangers to generate steam. Usage of HTF not only increases costs but also decreases efficiency.

5 Our CSP Parabolic Solar Trough Technology vs. Others During solar tracking, the Heat Receiver Pipes (1) rotate with the mirrored Parabolic Troughs. This requires the use of Flexible Hoses (2) or pipes with ball bearing joints (3) to connect the moving Heat Receiver Pipes to stationary piping (4). Such connections prevent Direct Steam Generation (DSG). Thus, synthetic oils are used as Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF). This hot HTF (oil) is pumped to a central heat exchanger station to generate steam. The synthetic oils are costly, have temperature limitations (about 370C), cause fires when leaked, and have to be replaced every few years. Most importantly, the use of massive heat exchangers to generate steam significantly reduces thermodynamic efficiency of the solar field, while significantly increasing the capital, operational & maintenance costs.

6 Our CSP Parabolic Solar Trough Technology vs. Others Another important problem in existing CSP plants is the frequent breakage of specially fabricated and expensive parabolic glass mirror panels HITTITE eleminated this mirror breakage problem by pasting strips of flat mirror pannels on a strong metal parabolic surface, which also reduced the cost significantly Even when the workers walk on the HITTITE glass mirror panels, there is no breakage.

7 Our CSP Parabolic Solar Trough Technology vs. Others All existing heat receiver designs use metal to glass welding as a vacuum seal. This is expensive and not desired by many experts. In addition, when a glass tube breaks for whatever reason, the 4 m long Heat Receiver unit must be replaced. These 4 m units cost about $2000 each. Heated synthetic oils release some Hydrogen which passes through the Stainless Steel pipe and reduces the vacuum quality. Later a metal stick called Getter was invented to be put inside the glass tube absorb, adding to the cost. Hittite Heat Receiver does not use glass to metal welding which is another source of problem in existing systems, and it can be assembled in the field, significantly reducin O&M costs.

8 Our CSP Parabolic Solar Trough Technology vs. Others HITTITE Heat Receiver does not use glass to metal welding which is another source of problem in existing systems. It can be assembled in the field, significantly reducing O&M costs.

9 Our CSP Parabolic Solar Trough Technology Life Test Sunset Position Press to view the Direct Steam Generation Video Direct Steam Generating HITTITE Parabolic Trough System has been tested in 4 pilot projects and a 30 year equivalent Accelerated Life Test. 2 inch dry steam discharge Test. Solar Tgermal Direct Steam Generation (DSG) Test 0 Super Heated Dry Steam of 160 Atm 480 C

10 Our CSP Parabolic Solar Trough Technology Life Test The Heat Expansion Bellow of the Heat Receiver is compressed and expanded by a hydraulic piston under heated and vacuumed conditions for the equivalent of over 30 years of operating life time. CONTROLLER TEMPERATURE CONTROL LOCATION Vacuum Seal Test Wheel Test

11 HITTITE Water Treatment & Desalinization System PAUL WOLFOWITZ President World Bank ( ) R. OĞUZ ÇAPAN Chairman & Chief Tech. Officer Hittite Solar Energy HITTITE DESALINIZATION TECHNOLOGY won the DM2006 COMPETITION FROM AMONG 2550 APPLICANTS, Receiving $185,000 Grant DM2006 was Organized by the WORLD BANK and BILL GATES FOUNDATION Judges Included Academicians from MIT, UCLA and Harvard

12 HITTITE Solar Field integrated into Coal Fired Power Plant

13 HİTİT in HITTITE Model Geliştirdiği For Existing Çözümler Textile Plants HITTITE DSG Solar Field HP Steam 480C 160Bar HP Turbine & Generator Electricity LP Steam 220C 10Bar Textile Plant Condensed Steam & LP Steam 100C (?) 1Bar (?) Hittite Desalinization Distilled Water To Solar Field Distilled Water To Textile Plant Distilled Source Water Source Water Pump Condensed Steam Pump

14 SolarTAC Implementation Area assigned to HITTITE 5.5 Acre (21,000 m2) HITTITE Solar has been invited to join the SolarTAC (Solar Technology Advancement Center) Project Located in Denver, Colorado, USA to demonstrate and test it s technologies. Formal contract signed on 9 December 2011.

15 167Ft 1355 Ft HİTİT in Geliştirdiği Çözümler SolarTAC Implementation HITTITE has been allocated a total of 5.5 Acres of land to install its systems to be tested by NREL. HITTITE Project will be designed to demonstrate the combined operation of the following HITTITE Technologies: 1. Direct Steam Generating (DSG) Solar Parabolic Trough Field 2. Heat Storage for 24Hr operation at desired variable rates 3. Desalinization/Demineralization Unit to condense the discharged steam while simultaneously treating available source water

16 SolarTAC HİTİT in Implementation Geliştirdiği Çözümler First shipment of parts from Turkey arrived on May 1 st, Installation of the 1 st Unit has started the same day

17 SolarTAC HİTİT in Implementation Geliştirdiği Çözümler

18 SolarTAC HİTİT in Implementation Geliştirdiği Çözümler

19 SolarTAC HİTİT in Implementation Geliştirdiği Çözümler

20 SolarTAC HİTİT in Implementation Geliştirdiği Çözümler Installation of the 1 st Unit s structure was completed in 2 days