COMPONENT PROJECT ACTIVITIES DESIGN DOCUMENT (CPA-DD)

Transcription

1 CDM Executive Board Page 1 COMPONENT PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM FOR SMALL-SCALE COMPONENT PROJECT ACTIVITIES (F-CDM-SSC-CPA-DD) Version 02.0 COMPONENT PROJECT ACTIVITIES DESIGN DOCUMENT (CPA-DD) SECTION A. General description of CPA A.1. Title of the proposed or registered PoA >> Title: India Organic Waste Management Programme Version: 01 Date: 6th June, 2013 A.2. Title of the CPA >> India Organic Waste Management Programme-VPA01 A.3. Description of the CPA >> The objective of the small scale VPA is to install biogas plants at household, communit and institutional level to promote organic waste management in a pre-defined region in India. The biogas units installed under the PoA will enable generation of energ through production of biogas via anaerobic digestion of organic waste. The resulting biogas will be used for thermal and electrical applications. The biogas units will be installed in a geographicall reasonable wa to expedite their monitoring. Before project implementation, the fuel emploed for thermal applications was firewood/fossil fuel and electricit was being sourced from the grid. The VPA seeks to replace the above with biogas generated b the units installed. The VPA is implemented in the state of Kerala with a total of 16,746 units. In which 11,668 units are replacing fuel-wood, 75 units are replacing grid electricit and 5,003 units are replacing fossil fuel in the baseline. The VPA will have the following benefits: Environmental benefits The PoA reduces air and water pollution caused b the unscientific disposal of organic waste. The PoA results in the abatement of carbon dioxide emissions through replacement of the use of fossil fuels and forest wood for cooking and/or electricit generation. Since the PoA displaces fossil fuels and forest-wood, it directl leads to their conservation. It promotes the use of bio-fertilizer, in the form of b-product/slurr from the biodigestor thereb displacing harmful chemical fertilizers. Recover and utilisation via combustion of biogas generated b the biodigestors reduces methane emissions accruing from unscientific waste disposal. The PoA indirectl contributes to reduction in soil erosion and maintenance of ground water table through reduced deforestation. Social and Economic benefits The PoA generates emploment opportunities especiall for rural and semi urban population. It leads to improved sanitation and waste segregation at source through better waste management.

2 CDM Executive Board Page 2 The biodigestor gives the famil more income to spend on other essentials b saving on fuel cost and also makes for healthier living conditions 1. The PoA eases drudger among women who walk long distances to collect firewood. The PoA also enables exploration of the immense market potential of biogas plants and its related benefits to societ at large. A.4. Entit/individual responsible for CPA >> The following two entities are responsible for the VPA IORA Ecological Solutions Private Limited, is a registered Project Participant, Focal Point to all Scopes of Authorit and the Coordinating/ Managing Entit of this SSC-PoA BIOTECH Renewable Private Limited, a compan incorporated in India is a Project Participant to this SSC-PoA. A.5. Technical description of the CPA >> The VPA emplos anaerobic digestion in the biogas units installed. Biotech Biodigestors The household digesters are portable with a capacit ranging from 1-6 cu m. The technolog supplier, BIOTECH has a patent for the technolog emploed b its portable domestic biogas plant. The patented technolog This technolog involves a portable domestic bio waste treatment bio gas plant that works without the regular use of the cow dung unlike the business as usual plants 2. For decomposing the bio-degradable materials anaerobicall without adding cow dung and for generating bio gas from it, a special tpe of bacteria is cultivated in the laborator separatel and has to be mixed with waste. This process is more expensive and therefore not affordable b common man. The portable domestic bio waste treatment bio gas plant comprises of a digester which is the lower portion with feed and discharge facilit for the degradable bio waste material, the gas collector which is the top portion having flow control means for regulating the flow of gas to be collected in the gas holder housed within it; the gas collector being movabl placed over and fixed in the middle of the digester with the help of guide frames; the gas holder being provided with gas flow control means to regulate the suppl of gas flow for consumption or other utilit purposes. The digester is provided with feed and discharge facilit, wherein an inlet pipe is present for feeding the waste matter into the digester and an outlet pipe at the top of the digester for the digested slurr to come out 3. Capacit of the Biogas Units Most domestic plants have a volume of 1 m 3 and produce about 1 m 3 of biogas per da

3 CDM Executive Board Page 3 Figure 1 : Biogas Plant Biogas plants for schools and hostels range in capacit from about 10 m 3 to 25 m 3 and each serve an average of 200 people. On a larger scale, the plants that are installed for local councils or fish markets with capacities even more than 100 cum as well. Fig 2: The Biodigestor; thermal energ generation Fig 3: Biodigester, electricit generation For an kind of unit installed under the PoA, the main feedstock for the unit is waste, but cow dung needs to be used initiall to provide a culture of suitable bacteria to get the digestion process started. Operation of the biogas unit used for thermal application As an example, for a tpical plant emploing food-waste at the domestic level, the process is as under: Initiall the digester of the plant is filled with processed cow dung (BIOTECH culture) with equal quantit of water. Slowl bio- methanation process takes place and the bio gas generated from the slurr (mixture of water and cow dung) is collected. Within 2 to 3 das, the plant starts operating at its full efficienc due to the growth of anaerobic bacteria in the digester. After the 4 th da 10 to 20 liters of organic waste water collected from the kitchen (fish and meat cleaning water, rice cleaning water, rice washing water etc) is added to the plant through the inlet chamber of the plant followed b feeding 20 to 30 liters of organic waste water the next da. On the 6 th da the same quantit of water with 1 to 2 kg of solid cooked food waste is mixed with the waste water and the same is fed into the plant. Slowl the solid content in the waste water is increased. Through this sstematic process, the microbes in the digester start decomposing all kinds of biodegradable waste and start generating bio gas from the bio waste without adding cow dung. There is no need to add cow dung in the future operation of the plant. Food waste is

4 CDM Executive Board Page 4 simpl mixed with organic waste-water from the kitchen in a bucket and poured into the plant inlet, and no additional water is needed 4. A flowchart for such a plant is described below in Fig 4&5. Figure 2: Domestic bio waste treatment plant 4

5 CDM Executive Board Page 5 Figure 3 : Flow chart depicting the procedure for operating a tpical domestic unit The anaerobic digestion of this waste in the bio-digester produces biogas. Each unit is linked to a stove which utilizes the biogas generated as fuel which is then used for cooking purposes. Tpicall, in each household, the biogas suppl lasts up to four hours a da 5. The residual slurr produced in the digester is used for soil application as manure. Operation of the biogas unit used for electricit application A tpical waste to electricit plant is first made operational using the patented BIOTECH culture. Once operational, the organic waste is broken down to a uniform size with a mechanical chopper before it is put into the digester, to speed up the digestion process. If required, water separated from the output slurr can be reccled, b mixing it with the feed material. The biogas is used in an engine to generate electricit for lighting the market, and where possible two generators are installed to provide backup for maintenance or repair. It is essential to remove hdrogen sulphide and particulates b scrubbing and filtering the gas before it goes into the engine, to prevent corrosion. Because these plants are used in public places the 5

6 CDM Executive Board Page 6 generators and electrical connections will be securel housed in locked cages, accessible onl to operators 6. A tpical waste to electricit plant is illustrated below in Fig 6. Figure 4: Flow chart depicting the procedure for operating a tpical waste to electricit unit A.6. Part(ies) Name of Part involved (host) indicates a host Part India India Private and/or public entit(ies) CPA implementer(s) (as applicable) BIOTECH Renewable Private Limited IORA Ecological Solutions Private Limited Indicate if the Part involved wishes to be considered as CPA implementer (Yes/No) No No A.7. Geographic reference or other means of identification >> The VPA is located in Kerala State. Each unit installed has a Unique Identification Number that will rule out the possibilit of double counting. A.8. Duration of the CPA A.8.1. Start date of the CPA >> Start date of the retroactive VPA is 01/01/2009. (Start date of the installation of the biogas units). 6

7 CDM Executive Board Page 7 A.8.2. Expected operational lifetime of the CPA >> 15 ears 7 and 00 months A.9. Choice of the crediting period and related information >> Fixed A.9.1. Start date of the crediting period >> 01/01/2009 or 2 ears retroactive to date of registration, whichever is later. A.9.2. Length of the crediting period >> 10 ears, 00 months A.10. Estimated amount of GHG emission reductions Emission reductions from all the technologies: Emission reductions during the crediting period Years Annual GHG emission reductions (in tonnes of CO 2 e) for each ear , , , , , , , , , ,781 Total number of crediting ears 10 Annual average GHG emission reductions over the crediting period 12,859 Total estimated reductions (tonnes of CO 2 e) 128,589 7 Pipatmanomai,S., Kaewlua, S and Vitidsant.T Economic assessment of biogas-to-electricit generation sstem with H 2 S removal b activated carbon in small pig farm. Applied Energ 86,

8 CDM Executive Board Page 8 The emission reduction from each of the technolog measures are as follows: Emission reductions during the crediting period Years I.E and AMS III AO Annual GHG emission reductions (in tonnes of CO 2 e) for each ear AMS I.F and AMS III AO AMS I.I and AMS III AO , , , , , , , , ,995 1,172 2, ,925 1,176 1, ,793 1,075 1, ,034 1, , , Total number of crediting ears Annual average GHG emission 10,341 8,365 1,681 reductions over the crediting period Total estimated reductions (tonnes of CO 2 e) 103, ,809 A.11. Public funding of the CPA >> The PoA does not involve public funding from Annex 1 parties. A.12. Debundling of small-scale component project activities >> According to Annex F, Version GSV2.2, Debundling provisions in EB 54 Report Annex 13 do not appl to Voluntar PoAs. A.13. Confirmation for CPA >> The VPA is neither registered as an individual project activit nor is a part of an other registered PoA. SECTION B. Environmental analsis B.1. Analsis of the environmental impacts >> The programme does not have an identified negative impact on the environment; instead the programme contributes positivel to the environment b reducing the amount of fossil fuel/ biomass combusted thereb avoiding emissions associated with their combustion. The programme also reduces methane emissions from dumping of waste at solid waste disposal sites (SWDS). Biogas units reduce the emissions in the ambient air which are caused b use of LPG/firewood. These include CO, NOx, soot or

9 CDM Executive Board Page 9 smoke, hdrocarbon etc 8. It is a cleaner technolog as it uses renewable fuel from waste, thereb improving the air qualit. The programme reduces the use of fuel wood thereb conserving forests, reducing surface runoff, hence maintaining the ground water table and also potentiall reducing soil erosion. The PoA will prevent flow of leachate from dump sites where organic waste is unscientificall dumped. The programme uses the slurr from biogas units as manure hence maintaining the qualit of soil. Thus, the biogas units are a clean technolog. No policies/ laws prevailing in India mandate the requirement of Environmental Impact Assessment for the programme. As per a notification regarding Environment Impact Assessment, dated 14 th September, , it is mandator for new projects, expansion, modernization of existing plant projects, as those listed in the Schedule to the notification, to obtain Environment Clearance from the Ministr of Environment & Forest, Government of India. The proposed PoA doesn t fall within the industries/ project covered under this Schedule, and hence doesn t require an environment impact analsis. Since the programme has similar implications nationwide, the analsis has been done at the PoA level as described in the PoA-DD. SECTION C. Local stakeholder comments C.1. Solicitation of comments from local stakeholders >> The VPA is retroactive; hence there is no requirement for a Local stakeholder consultation for the units alread implemented. The programme however has had consultations prior to its implementation. The programme conducted a formal Gold Standard PoA level Local Stakeholder consultation on the 18 th of Jul 2012, in Kerala, the details of which have been shared in the PoA-DD and the LSC report. However, the informal consultation has been shared below. Other Consultations Informal meetings and consultations had been carried out b one of the VPA implementers, Biotech initiall as well. These meetings involved the local council members and local people from the district/ area. The project was discussed in detail in the meeting along with demonstration of the unit. Invitations to relevant stakeholders were sent out through postcards. Stakeholder meeting in progress Stakeholders at a public stall Multiple stalls were put up to raise awareness for the programme. A special effort was made to involve the school children so as to build awareness regarding the benefits of installing the biogas units Ministr of Environment and Forest Circulars

10 CDM Executive Board Page 10 Fig 8: School children being shown a demonstration of a unit The multiple sessions provided stakeholders with ample opportunit to give responses and participate in the consultation process. C.2. Summar of comments received >> The stakeholders present at these multiple sites and sessions were co-operative and showed interest in learning. Overall response of customers towards installation of biogas units was highl positive. Customers not onl were satisfied as can be seen from the man customer satisfaction mails received. Uniform response of customers across the region hints at an established effort towards customer service. The stakeholders have been appreciative of the programme as a whole. C.3. Report on consideration of comments received >> All comments were positive and therefore no changes deemed necessar. The LSC was conducted at PoA level. For details, refer to PoA-DD and LSC report. SECTION D. Eligibilit of CPA and Estimation of emissions reductions D.1. Title and reference of the approved baseline and monitoring methodolog(ies) selected: >> The PoA emplos the following UNFCCC approved methodologies: AMS I.F. Renewable electricit generation for captive use and mini-grid, version 2 AMS I.I Biogas/ biomass thermal applications for households/ small users, version 04 AMS I.E Switch from non-renewable biomass for thermal applications b the user, version 05 AMS III AO: Methane recover through controlled anaerobic digestion, version 01 This VPA-DD under the PoA caters to the following methodological combination: AMS I. E and AMS III AO, AMS I.F. and AMS III AO and AMS I.I. and AMS III AO The following UNFCCC approved tools have been referred to: Emissions from solid waste disposal sites, version Tool for demonstration and assessment of additionalit, version Tool to calculate project or leakage CO 2 emissions from electricit generation, version 01 D.2. Application of methodolog(ies) >> The project activit follows and complies with the following three different combinations of the methodologies:

11 CDM Executive Board Page 11 Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3 AMS I.E. and AMS III AO AMS I.F. and AMS III AO AMS I.I. and AMS III AO The following tables present applicable applicabilit criteria for each combination of the methodologies. The applicabilit criteria for the methodologies AMS I.E. and AMS III AO is:

12 CDM Executive Board Page 12 S. No. Applicabilit condition Justification AMS I.E. 1 2 This categor comprises activities to displace the use of non-renewable biomass b introducing renewable energ technologies. Examples of these technologies include, but are not limited to biogas stoves, solar cookers, passive solar homes, renewable energ based drinking water treatment technologies (e.g. sand filters followed b solar water disinfection; water boiling using renewable biomass). Project participants are able to show that non-renewable biomass has been used since 31 December 1989, using surve methods or referring to published literature, official reports or statistics. AMS III AO 1. This methodolog comprises measures to avoid the emissions of methane to the atmosphere from biomass or other organic matter that would have otherwise been left to deca anaerobicall in a solid waste disposal site (SWDS), or in an animal waste management sstem (AWMS), or in a wastewater treatment sstem (WWTS). In the project activit, controlled biological treatment of biomass or other organic matters is introduced through anaerobic digestion in closed reactors equipped with biogas recover and combustion/flaring sstem. The following conditions appl: (a) Digestion of biomass or other organic matter (excluding animal manure and sludge generated in the wastewater treatment works) as a single source of substrate is included; (b) Co-digestion of multiple sources of biomass substrates, e.g. MSW, organic waste, animal manure, wastewater, where those organic matters would otherwise have been treated in an anaerobic treatment sstem without biogas recover is also eligible; (c) If for one or more sources of substrates, it cannot be demonstrated that the organic matter would otherwise been left to deca anaerobicall, baseline emissions related to such organic matter shall be accounted for as zero, whereas project emissions shall be calculated according to the procedures presented in this methodolog for all codigested substrates; (d) Project participants shall appl the procedures related to the competing use for the Biomass according to the latest General guidance on leakage in biomass project activities The project activit comprises of biogas units that will displace the use of non-renewable biomass b introducing new renewable enduser technolog, the biogas units. As shown in Appendix 3, the communities are using nonrenewable biomass since 31 st December This is based on using published literature, official reports and statistics. The project activit seeks to reduce emissions of methane from waste through anaerobic digestion in bio digester units. This waste would otherwise have been disposed of in a SWDS. The waste ma be organic matter as a single substrate (excluding animal manure/sludge) or it ma be a combination of multiple substrates. The programme will not involve units that use onl animal waste or onl wastewater/sludge as a single substrate. In the project activit, controlled biological treatment of organic waste is introduced through anaerobic digestion in biogas digester, in which biogas is recovered and combusted. (a) The waste ma be organic matter as a single substrate (excluding animal manure/sludge) or (b) it ma be a combination of multiple substrates such as organic waste such as market waste of fish, meat, vegetable waste, etc.

13 CDM Executive Board Page 13 (e) Project activities treating animal manure as single source substrate shall appl AMS-III.D Methane recover in animal manure management sstems, similarl projects onl treating wastewater and/or sludge generated in the wastewater treatment works shall appl AMS-III.H Methane recover in wastewater treatment Co-digestion is the simultaneous digestion of a homogenous mixture of two or more substrates from different sources, e.g. codigestion of MSW (municipal solid waste) and animal manure and/or domestic/industrial wastewater. The most common situation is when a major amount of a primar basic substrate (e.g. manure) is mixed and digested together with minor amounts of other substrates. (f) The project activit does not recover or combust landfill gas from the disposal site (unlike AMS-III.G Landfill methane recover ), and does not undertake controlled combustion of the waste that is not treated biologicall in a first step (unlike AMS-III.E Avoidance of methane production from deca of biomass through controlled combustion, gasification or mechanical/thermal treatment ). Project activities that recover biogas from wastewater treatment shall use methodolog AMS-III.H. 2. Measures are limited to those that result in emission reductions of less than or equal to 60 kt CO 2 equivalent annuall 3. The location and characteristics of the disposal site of the biomass used for digestion in the baseline condition shall be known, in such a wa as to allow the estimation of its methane emissions. Guidelines in AMS-III.G, AMS -III.D, AMS-III.E (concerning stockpiles) and AMS-III.H (as the case ma be) shall be followed in this regard. Project activities for co-digestion of animal manure shall also meet the requirements under paragraphs 1 and 2(c) of AMS- III.D. The following requirement shall be checked ex ante at the beginning of each crediting period: (a) Establish that identified landfill(s)/stockpile(s) can be expected to accommodate the waste to be used for the project activit for the duration of the crediting period; or (b) Establish that it is common practice in the region to dispose off the waste in solid waste disposal site (landfill/stockpile) 4. The project participants shall clearl define the geographical boundar of the region referred to in 3(b), and document it in the CDM-PDD. In defining the (c) All the organic substrate would have been left of deca anaerobicall, as it would be part of MSW. (d) The project does not involve use of renewable biomass and thus not applicable. (e) The project activit does not involve animal manure or waste water treatment and/or sludge as substrate. So the project activit does not involve appling AMS.III.D or AMS.III.H. The emission reduction will be demonstrated to be up to 60 kt CO 2 equivalent annuall 10. It is common practice in the region to dispose-off the waste in Solid Waste Disposal Sites (SWDS) 11. The geographical boundar of the region is the State of Kerala, in which the project will be 10 Detailed calculations have been provided in Section D. 11 Ranjith Kharvel Annepu. (2012) Sustainable Solid Waste Management in India. Earth Engineering Centre. Columbia Universit, New York.

14 CDM Executive Board Page 14 geographical boundar of the region, project participants should take into account the source of waste, i.e. if waste is transported up to 50 km, the region ma cover a radius of 50 km around the project activit. In addition, it should also consider the distances to which the final product after digestion will be transported. In either case, the region should cover a reasonable radius around the project activit that can be justified with reference to the project circumstances but in no case it shall be more than 200 km. Once defined, the boundar should not be changed during the crediting period(s). 5. In case residual waste from the digestion is handled aerobicall and submitted to soil application, the proper conditions and procedures (not resulting in methane emissions) for storage and transportation and soil application must be ensured. 5. In case residual waste from the digestion is treated thermall/mechanicall, the provisions in AMS-III.E related to thermal/mechanical treatment shall be applied 6. In case residual waste from the digestion is stored under anaerobic conditions and/or delivered to a landfill, emissions from the residual waste shall to be taken into account and calculated as per the latest version of the Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from disposal of waste at a solid waste disposal site 7. In case the outflow from the digestion is discharged to a subsequent wastewater treatment sstem or to the natural water receiving bod, relevant procedure in AMS-III.H shall be followed to estimate the resultant project emissions. 8. Technical measures shall be used to ensure that all biogas captured from the digester is combusted/flared. implemented at multiple sites. Depending on the site of the project activit, the source of the waste will be within a radius of 50 kms. For domestic units, the household organic waste will be the source. In most sites, the waste will be from around the site. The bio-digester will be installed at market place, institutions, hotels, etc., where organic wastes such as fish, meat, other market wastes, hotel wastes and food waste will be substrate for the digester. Thus the sources of waste will be in the proximit of the bio-digester (within 50 km). The slurr from the digester will be used as manure. It will be neither stored nor transported. Hence the issue of methane emissions from storage/ transportation doesn t arise. NA NA NA NA The applicabilit criteria for the methodologies AMS I.F. and AMS III AO is:

15 CDM Executive Board Page 15 S. No. Applicabilit condition Justification AMS I F 1. This methodolog comprises renewable energ generation units, such as photovoltaic, hdro, tidal/wave, wind, geothermal and renewable biomass that suppl electricit to user(s). The project activit will displace electricit from an electricit distribution sstem that is or would have been supplied b at least one fossil fuel fired generating unit i.e. in the absence of the project activit, the users would have been supplied electricit from one or more sources listed below: (a) A national or a regional grid (b) Fossil fuel fired captive power plant (c) A carbon intensive mini-grid. 2. For the purpose of this methodolog, a mini-grid is defined as small-scale power sstem with a total capacit not exceeding 15 MW (i.e. the sum of installed capacities of all generators connected to the mini-grid is equal to or less than 15 MW) which is not connected to a national or a regional grid. 3. Illustration of respective situations under which each of the methodolog (AMS-I.D, AMS-I.F and AMS-I.A2) applies is included in Table Hdro power plants with reservoirs that satisf at least one of the following conditions are eligible to appl this methodolog: The project activit is implemented in an existing reservoir with no change in the volume of reservoir; The project activit is implemented in an existing reservoir, where the volume of reservoir is increased and the power densit of the project activit, as per definitions given in the project emissions section, is greater than 4 W/m 2 ; The project activit results in new reservoirs and the power densit of the power plant, as per definitions given in the project emissions section, is greater than 4 W/m For biomass power plants, no other biomass other than renewable biomass is to be used in the project plant. The programme comprises renewable generation biogas units that suppl electricit to users. The project activit displas electricit from an electricit distribution sstem that is been supplied b fossil fuel mix fired generating unit, i.e. in the absence of the project activit, the users would have been supplied b electricit from the regional grid, the Southern Grid. NA According to Table 2, AMS I.F. can be applied if project displaces grid electricit consumption (e.g. grid import) and/or captive fossil fuel electricit generation at the user end (excess electricit ma be supplied to a grid). The project will replace grid electricit consumption. NA NA. It is not a biomass power plant, but a biogas power plant.

16 CDM Executive Board Page This methodolog is applicable for project activities that: (a) Install a new power plant at a site where there was no renewable energ power plant operating prior to the implementation of the project activit (Greenfield plant); (b) Involve a capacit addition, (c) Involve a retrofit of (an) existing plant(s); or (d) Involve a replacement of (an) existing plant(s). 7. In the case of project activities that involve the capacit addition of renewable energ generation units at an existing renewable power generation facilit, the added capacit of the units added b the project should be lower than 15 MW and should be phsicall distinct from the existing units. 8. In the case of retrofit or replacement, to qualif as a smallscale project, the total output of the retrofitted or replacement unit shall not exceed the limit of 15 MW If the unit added has both renewable and non-renewable components (e.g. a wind/diesel unit), the eligibilit limit of 15 MW for a small-scale CDM project activit applies onl to the renewable component. If the unit added co-fires fossil fuel, the capacit of the entire unit shall not exceed the limit of 15 MW Combined heat and power (co-generation) sstems are not eligible under this categor If electricit and/or steam/heat produced b the project activit is delivered to a third part i.e. another facilit or facilities within the project boundar, a contract between the supplier and consumer(s) of the energ will have to be entered that ensures that there is no double counting of emission reductions. AMS III AO The project will involve project activities that (a) will install a new power plant at a site where there was no renewable energ power plant operating prior to the implementation of the project activit i.e. Greenfield plant. In case of project activities that will involve capacit addition of biogas units at an existing biogas power generation facilit, the added capacit of the units added b the project will be lower than 15 MW and would be phsicall distinct from the existing units. In case of retrofit or replacement, it will be ensured that the total output of the retrofitted or replacement unit will not exceed 15 WM limit. The project activit will ensure that the eligibilit limit of 15 MW will be maintained for the renewable component. There will not be combined heat and power (co-generation) sstems under the project activit. If the electricit produced b the project activit is delivered to a third part, a contract will be signed between the supplied and consumer of the energ. All measures will be taken to ensure that double counting of emission reduction will not be done.

17 CDM Executive Board Page This methodolog comprises measures to avoid the emissions of methane to the atmosphere from biomass or other organic matter that would have otherwise been left to deca anaerobicall in a solid waste disposal site (SWDS), or in an animal waste management sstem (AWMS), or in a wastewater treatment sstem (WWTS). In the project activit, controlled biological treatment of biomass or other organic matters is introduced through anaerobic digestion in closed reactors equipped with biogas recover and combustion/flaring sstem. The following conditions appl: (a) Digestion of biomass or other organic matter (excluding animal manure and sludge generated in the wastewater treatment works) as a single source of substrate is included; (b) Co-digestion of multiple sources of biomass substrates, e.g. MSW, organic waste, animal manure, wastewater, where those organic matters would otherwise have been treated in an anaerobic treatment sstem without biogas recover is also eligible; (c) If for one or more sources of substrates, it cannot be demonstrated that the organic matter would otherwise been left to deca anaerobicall, baseline emissions related to such organic matter shall be accounted for as zero, whereas project emissions shall be calculated according to the procedures presented in this methodolog for all co-digested substrates; (d) Project participants shall appl the procedures related to the competing use for the Biomass according to the latest General guidance on leakage in biomass project activities (e) Project activities treating animal manure as single source substrate shall appl AMS-III.D Methane recover in animal manure management sstems, similarl projects onl treating wastewater and/or sludge generated in the wastewater treatment works shall appl AMS-III.H Methane recover in wastewater treatment Co-digestion is the simultaneous digestion of a homogenous mixture of two or more substrates from different sources, e.g. co-digestion of MSW (municipal solid waste) and animal manure and/or domestic/industrial wastewater. The most common situation is when a major amount of a primar basic substrate (e.g. manure) is mixed and digested together with minor amounts of other substrates. (f) The project activit does not recover or combust landfill gas from the disposal site (unlike AMS-III.G Landfill methane recover ), and does not undertake controlled combustion of the waste that is not treated biologicall in a first step (unlike AMS-III.E Avoidance of methane production from deca of biomass through controlled combustion, gasification or mechanical/thermal treatment ). Project activities that recover biogas from wastewater treatment shall use methodolog AMS-III.H. The project activit seeks to reduce emissions of methane from waste through anaerobic digestion in bio digester units. This waste would otherwise have been disposed of in a SWDS. The waste ma be organic matter as a single substrate (excluding animal manure/sludge) or it ma be a combination of multiple substrates. In the project activit, controlled biological treatment of organic waste is introduced through anaerobic digestion in biogas digestor, in which biogas is recovered and combusted. (a) The waste ma be organic matter as a single substrate (excluding animal manure/sludge) or (b) it ma be a combination of multiple substrates such as organic waste such as market waste of fish, meat, vegetable waste, etc. (c) All the organic substrate would have been left of deca anaerobicall, as it would be part of MSW. (d) The project does not involve use of renewable biomass and thus not applicable. (e) The project activit does not involve animal manure or waste water treatment and/or sludge as substrate. So the project activit does not involve appling AMS.III.D or AMS.III.H.

18 CDM Executive Board Page Measures are limited to those that result in emission reductions of less than or equal to 60 kt CO 2 equivalent annuall 3. The location and characteristics of the disposal site of the biomass used for digestion in the baseline condition shall be known, in such a wa as to allow the estimation of its methane emissions. Guidelines in AMS-III.G, AMS -III.D, AMS-III.E (concerning stockpiles) and AMS-III.H (as the case ma be) shall be followed in this regard. Project activities for co-digestion of animal manure shall also meet the requirements under paragraphs 1 and 2(c) of AMS-III.D. The following requirement shall be checked ex ante at the beginning of each crediting period: (a) Establish that identified landfill(s)/stockpile(s) can be expected to accommodate the waste to be used for the project activit for the duration of the crediting period; or (b) Establish that it is common practice in the region to dispose off the waste in solid waste disposal site (landfill/stockpile) 4. The project participants shall clearl define the geographical boundar of the region referred to in 3(b), and document it in the CDM-PDD. In defining the geographical boundar of the region, project participants should take into account the source of waste, i.e. if waste is transported up to 50 km, the region ma cover a radius of 50 km around the project activit. In addition, it should also consider the distances to which the final product after digestion will be transported. In either case, the region should cover a reasonable radius around the project activit that can be justified with reference to the project circumstances but in no case it shall be more than 200 km. Once defined, the boundar should not be changed during the crediting period(s). 5. In case residual waste from the digestion is handled aerobicall and submitted to soil application, the proper conditions and procedures (not resulting in methane emissions) for storage and transportation and soil application must be ensured. The emission reduction will be demonstrated to be up to 60 kt CO 2 equivalent annuall 12. It is common practice in the region to dispose-off the waste in Solid Waste Disposal Sites (SWDS) 13. The geographical boundar of the region is the State of Kerala, in which the project will be implemented at multiple sites. Depending on the site of the project activit, the source of the waste will within a radius of 50 kms. In most sites, the waste will be from around the site. The biodigestor will be installed at market place, institutions, hotels, etc., where organic wastes such as fish, meat, other market wastes, hotel wastes and foot waste will be substrate for the digestor. Thus the sources of waste will be in the proximit of the biodigestor (within 50 km). The slurr from the digestor will be used as manure. It will be neither stored nor transported. Hence the issue of methane emissions from storage/ transportation doesn t arise. 12 Detailed calculations have been provided in Section D 13 Ranjith Kharvel Annepu. (2012). Sustainable Solid Waste Management in India. Earth Engineering Centre. Columbia Universit, New York.

19 CDM Executive Board Page In case residual waste from the digestion is treated thermall/mechanicall, the provisions in AMS-III.E related to thermal/mechanical treatment shall be applied 6. In case residual waste from the digestion is stored under anaerobic conditions and/or delivered to a landfill, emissions from the residual waste shall to be taken into account and calculated as per the latest version of the Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from disposal of waste at a solid waste disposal site 7. In case the outflow from the digestion is discharged to a subsequent wastewater treatment sstem or to the natural water receiving bod, relevant procedure in AMS-III.H shall be followed to estimate the resultant project emissions. 8. Technical measures shall be used to ensure that all biogas captured from the digester is combusted/flared. NA NA NA NA The applicabilit criteria for the methodologies AMS I.I. and AMS III AO is: S. No. Applicabilit condition Justification AMS I I 1. This categor comprises activities for generation of renewable thermal energ using renewable biomass or biogas for use in residential, commercial, institutional applications (e.g. for suppl to households, small farms or for use in built environment of institutions such as schools). Examples of these technologies that displace or avoid fossil fuel use include but are not limited to biogas cook stoves, biomass briquette cook stoves, small scale baking and dring sstems, water heating, or space heating sstems 2. The total installed/rated thermal energ generation capacit of the project equipment is equal to or less than 45 MW thermal 3. Each unit (e.g. cook stove, heater) shall have a rated capacit equal to or less than 150 kw thermal. 4. For the specific case of biomass residues processed as a fuel (e.g. briquettes, wood chips), it shall be demonstrated that: (a) It is produced using solel renewable biomass (more than one tpe of biomass ma be used). Energ use for renewable biomass processing (e.g. shredding and compacting in the case of briquetting) ma be considered as equivalent to the upstream emissions associated with the processing of the displaced fossil fuel and hence disregarded; (b) The.General guidance on leakage in biomass project activities. (attachment C to Appendix B of 4/CMP.1 Annex The PoA involves installation of units that will generate biogas to be used for thermal applications like cooking in households, communities and institutions. This methodolog covers thermal energ applications for communities and institutions. The SSC threshold will be demonstrated as being complied with. Each unit installed under the PoA for thermal applications has a capacit lesser than 150 kw, hence this criterion is met. The PoA does not involve processed residues. Hence this criterion does not appl.

20 CDM Executive Board Page 20 II) shall be followed; (c) The project participant can monitor the mass, moisture content and NCV of the resulting biomass fuel, through sampling that meets the confidence/precision level of 90/10; (d) Where the project participant is not the producer of the renewable fuel, the project participant and the producer are bound b a contract that shall enable the project participant to monitor the source of renewable biomass to account for an emissions associated with biomass production (as per 4 (b) above). Such a contract shall also ensure that there is no double counting of emission reductions. AMS III AO 1. This methodolog comprises measures to avoid the emissions of methane to the atmosphere from biomass or other organic matter that would have otherwise been left to deca anaerobicall in a solid waste disposal site (SWD S), or in an animal waste management sstem (AWMS), or in a wastewater treatment sstem (WWTS). In the project activit, controlled biological treatment of biomass or other organic matters is introduced through anaerobic digestion in closed reactors equipped with biogas recover and combustion/flaring sstem. The following conditions appl: (a) Digestion of biomass or other organic matter (excluding animal manure and sludge generated in the wastewater treatment works) as a single source of substrate is included; (b) Co-digestion of multiple sources of biomass substrates, e.g. MSW, organic waste, animal manure, wastewater, where those organic matters would otherwise have been treated in an anaerobic treatment sstem without biogas recover is also eligible; (c) If for one or more sources of substrates, it cannot be demonstrated that the organic matter would otherwise been left to deca anaerobicall, baseline emissions related to such organic matter shall be accounted for as zero, whereas project emissions shall be calculated according to the procedures presented in this methodolog for all co-digested substrates; (d) Project participants shall appl the procedures related to the competing use for the Biomass according to the latest General guidance on leakage in biomass project activities (e) Project activities treating animal manure as single source substrate shall appl AMS-III.D Methane recover in animal manure management sstems, similarl projects onl treating wastewater and/or sludge generated in the wastewater treatment works shall appl AMS-III.H Methane recover in wastewater treatment Co-digestion is the simultaneous digestion of a homogenous mixture of two or more substrates from different sources, e.g. co-digestion of MSW (municipal solid waste) and animal manure and/or domestic/industrial wastewater. The most common situation is when a major amount of a primar basic substrate (e.g. The project activit seeks to reduce emissions of methane from waste through anaerobic digestion in bio digester units. This waste would otherwise have been disposed of in a SWDS. The waste ma be organic matter as a single substrate (excluding animal manure/sludge) or it ma be a combination of multiple substrates. The programme will not involve units that use onl animal waste or onl wastewater/sludge as a single substrate. In the project activit, controlled biological treatment of organic waste is introduced through anaerobic digestion in biogas digester, in which biogas is recovered and combusted. (a) The waste ma be organic matter as a single substrate (excluding animal manure/sludge) or (b) it ma be a combination of multiple substrates such as organic waste such as market waste of fish, meat, vegetable waste, etc. (c) All the organic substrate would have been left of deca anaerobicall, as it would be part of MSW. (d) The project does not involve use of renewable biomass and thus not applicable.

21 CDM Executive Board Page 21 manure) is mixed and digested together with minor amounts of other substrates. (f) The project activit does not recover or combust landfill gas from the disposal site (unlike AMS-III.G Landfill methane recover ), and does not undertake controlled combustion of the waste that is not treated biologicall in a first step (unlike AMS-III.E Avoidance of methane production from deca of biomass through controlled combustion, gasification or mechanical/thermal treatment ). Project activities that recover biogas from wastewater treatment shall use methodolog AMS-III.H. 2. Measures are limited to those that result in emission reductions of less than or equal to 60 kt CO2 equivalent annuall. 3. The location and characteristics of the disposal site of the biomass used for digestion in the baseline condition shall be known, in such a wa as to allow the estimation of its methane emissions. Guidelines in AMS-III.G, AMS -III.D, AMS-III.E (concerning stockpiles) and AMS-III.H (as the case ma be) shall be followed in this regard. Project activities for co-digestion of animal manure shall also meet the requirements under paragraphs 1 and 2(c) of AMS-III.D. The following requirement shall be checked ex ante at the beginning of each crediting period: (a) Establish that identified landfill(s)/stockpile(s) can be expected to accommodate the waste to be used for the project activit for the duration of the crediting period; or (b) Establish that it is common practice in the region to dispose off the waste in solid waste disposal site (landfill/stockpile) 4. The project participants shall clearl define the geographical boundar of the region referred to in 3(b), and document it in the CDM-PDD. In defining the geographical boundar of the region, project participants should take into account the source of waste, i.e. if waste is transported up to 50 km, the region ma cover a radius of 50 km around the project activit. In addition, it should also consider the distances to which the final product after digestion will be transported. In either case, the region should cover a reasonable radius around the project activit that can be justified with reference to the project circumstances but in no case it shall be more than 200 km. Once defined, the boundar should not be changed during the crediting period(s). (e) The project activit does not involve animal manure or waste water treatment and/or sludge as substrate. So the project activit does not involve appling AMS.III.D. or AMS.III.H. The emission reduction will be demonstrated to be upto 60 kt CO2 equivalent 14. It is common practice in the region to dispose-off the waste in the SWDS 15. The geographical boundar of the region is the State of Kerala, in which the project will be implemented at multiple sites. Depending on the site of the project activit, the source of the waste will be within a radius of 50 kms. For domestic units, the household organic waste will be the source. In most sites, the waste will be from around the site. The bio-digester will be installed at market place, institutions, hotels, etc., where organic wastes such as fish, meat, other market wastes, hotel 14 Detailed calculations have been carried out in the Section D 15 Ranjith Kharvel Annepu. (2012). Sustainable Solid Waste Management in India. Earth Engineering Centre. Columbia Universit, New York.

22 CDM Executive Board Page 22 wastes and foot waste will be substrate for the digester. Thus the sources of waste will be in the proximit of the bio-digester (within 50 km). 5. In case residual waste from the digestion is handled aerobicall and submitted to soil application, the proper conditions and procedures (not resulting in methane emissions) for storage and transportation and soil application must be ensured. 5. In case residual waste from the digestion is treated thermall/mechanicall, the provisions in AMS-III.E related to thermal/mechanical treatment shall be applied 6. In case residual waste from the digestion is stored under anaerobic conditions and/or delivered to a landfill, emissions from the residual waste shall to be taken into account and calculated as per the latest version of the Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from disposal of waste at a solid waste disposal site 7. In case the outflow from the digestion is discharged to a subsequent wastewater treatment sstem or to the natural water receiving bod, relevant procedure in AMS-III.H shall be followed to estimate the resultant project emissions. 8. Technical measures shall be used to ensure that all biogas captured from the digester is combusted/flared. The slurr from the digester is used as manure. It will be neither stored nor transported. Hence the issue of methane emissions from storage/ transportation doesn t arise. NA NA NA NA D.3. Sources and GHGs >> Baseline Source Gas Included? Justification CH 4 Yes Main emission source CO 2 No Excluded for simplification. This is conservative N 2 O No Excluded for simplification. This is conservative Anaerobic decomposition of waste Emission factor for electricit grid Combustion of fossil fuels for meeting cooking and lighting requirements CO 2 Yes Main emission source CH 4 No Excluded for simplification. This is conservative N 2 O No Excluded for simplification. This is conservative CO 2 Yes Main emission source CH 4 No Excluded for simplification. This is conservative N 2 O No Excluded for simplification. This is conservative Emissions from burning of CO 2 Yes Main emission source