Spatial difference of regional carbon emissions in China

Transcription

1 Avalable onlne Journal of Chemcal and Pharmaceutcal Research, 2014, 6(7): Research Artcle ISSN : CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Spatal dfference of regonal carbon emssons n Chna Jun Lv and Yang Zhou School of Economcs and Management, Chna Unversty of Geoscences, Wuhan, Chna ABSRAC Pressure of Chna s carbon emsson reducton s huge, how to make effectve carbon emsson reducton polcy based on carbon emssons spatal trats s one of most urgent problem Chnese government s faced wth. hs paper used hel ndex to analyze spatal dfference of carbon emssons among the east, central and west regons, and got that nter-regonal dfference s larger than nfra-regonal dfference, and s the man cause of carbon emssons regonal dfference, both nter-regonal and nfra-regonal dfference got stable snce Carbon emssons dfference of the west regon s bggest, the east regon s s smaller, the central regon s s smallest. Above results have practcal meanng for makng carbon emsson reducton polcy, makng effectve carbon emsson reducton polcy must consder carbon emssons spatal trat, strengthenng common but dfferentated dutes, hghlghtng farness and effcency. Key words: carbon emssons; dfference; hel Index INRODUCION Carbon emssons has become an mportant ssue n the worldwde. In 2007, Chna became the largest carbon emsson country n the world. At Copenhagen meetng n 2009, Chnese government promsed by the year of 2020, Chna would cut down carbon emssons by 40%-50% on the bass of that of Meanwhle Chna s urbanzaton and ndustralzaton s developng rapdly, energy consumpton and carbon emssons ncrease quckly, whch lead to carryng capacty of envronment becomng smaller and smaller, as a result, cost of emsson reducton contnues to grow. At the same tme, Chna s regonal economc development s unbalanced, resource endowment s dfferent, carbon emssons exst spatal dfference. herefore, consderng the fact of Chna s rapdly developng urbanzaton, ndustralzaton and unbalanced regonal economc development, clarfy carbon emssons spatal dfference have mportant mplcatons for makng polces to acheve Chna s carbon emsson target, to dstrbute reasonable and effectve emsson reducton dutes. hs paper analyzed spatal dfference of carbon emssons among the east, central and west regons n Chna, revealed spatal patterns that exsts, the results are of vtal mportance to make effectve emsson-reducton polces. 2 Data hs paper chose Chna s 30 provnces whch ddn t contan awan, Hong Kong and bet from 1995 to 2010 as study object, dvded these 30 provnces nto the east, central and west regons by followng the tradtonal three regons dvson method, collected carbon emssons, per captal carbon emssons and carbon emsson ntensty of the east, central and west regons. Accordng to the estmaton methods provded by he 2006 IPCC Gudelnes for Natonal Greenhouse Gas Inventores, carbon emssons can be estmated by consumpton of the fuel multply by carbon emsson coeffcent of that fuel. Energy consumpton (standard coal as unt) of each provnce can be obtaned from Chna Energy Statstcal Yearbook. Accordng to carbon emsson coeffcents provded by IPCC, carbon emsson coeffcent of standard coal s t(C)/t. herefore carbon emssons of each provnce can be obtaned, furthermore carbon 2741

2 emssons of the three regons can be obtaned. Carbon emsson ntensty equals carbon emssons dvded by GDP, data of carbon emsson ntensty can be got, too. o better reflect dfference of carbon emssons among the three regons, populaton of the three regons were consdered. Data of populaton of provnces can be got form Chna Statstc Yearbook, thus data of per captal carbon emssons can be got. Data of total carbon emssons, per captal carbon emssons and carbon emsson ntensty of the three regons were lsted n able 1. able 1 Data of total carbon emssons, per captal carbon emssons and carbon emsson ntensty of the three regons Carbon emssons/ per captal carbon emssons Year (10 4 t) East Central West Carbon emsson ntensty (10 4 t/10 9 ) East Central West As we can see from able 1, total carbon emssons and per captal carbon emssons of the three regons ncreased year by year, carbon emssons and per captal carbon emssons of the east, central and west regons declned by sequence. From data of carbon emsson ntensty, we can see carbon emsson ntensty of the east, central and west regons ncreased by sequence. Above phenomenon s consstent wth Chna s decades of economc growth and ts unbalanced regonal economc development. In addton, all of the three regons carbon emsson ntensty show a declnng trend except for a few years rebound, whch means Chna s emsson reducton has acheved some progress. From able 1, t s clearly that there exsts carbon emssons dfference among the three regons, therefore, n order to make effectve emsson reducton polcy, t s essental to clarfy spatal dfference of carbon emssons among the three regons. 3 Dfference analyss of carbon emssons hel ndex was chosen to analyze the dfference of the three regons carbon emssons. hel ndex s an effectve ndex to measure dfference, t can dvde the total dfference nto nter-regonal dfference and nfra-regonal dfference. Consderng populaton factor, ths paper measured hel ndex of per captal carbon emssons rather than the total carbon emssons of the three regons, by measurng hel ndex of nter-regon, nfra-regon, contrbuton rate of nter-regonalhel ndex and nfra-regonalhel ndex and total hel ndex of the east, central and west regons to reveal the spatal dfference of carbon emssons among the three regons. Based on the exstng lterature, we decomposed the hel ndex nto the followng formula. 2742

3 j W B C A C IN, j j j j j j j W + B W R W B R B j j j j j j j for total hel ndex among the three regons, j for total hel ndex of the east, central and west regons respectvely, W for nfra-regonal hel ndex, B for nter-regonal hel ndex. RW for nfra-regonal hel ndex contrbuton rate, RB for nter-regonal hel ndex contrbuton rate. for the 30 provnces that were chosen, j for the three regons that were dvded, C, AC, IN for total carbon emssons, per captal carbon emssons and per captal GDP of the three regons, C, AC,IN for carbon emssons, per captal carbon emssons and captal GDP per of provnce, Cj, ACj,INj for carbon emssons, per captal carbon emssons and per captal GDP of provnce n regon j. In the formula, proporton of carbon emssons of provnce n regon j to total carbon emssons of regon j was used as weght to adjust hel ndex of the east, central and west regon respectvely, proporton of carbon emssons of provnce n regon j to total carbon emssons of the three regons was used as weght to adjust nfra-regonal hel ndex among the three regons, proporton of carbon emssons of regon j to total carbon emssons of the three regons was used as weght to adjust nter-regonal ndex among the three regons, Decomposng hel ndex nto above formula has fully consdered populaton factor, weght, whch can reflect regonal dfference more relably and truthfully. Accordng to the above formula, values of hel ndex were got. Data of hel ndex were showed n fgure1,2,3. Fgure 1. hel ndex of per captal carbon emssons among the three regons 2743

4 Fgure 2. hel ndex contrbuton rate of per captal carbon emssons among the three regons Fgure 3. hel ndex of per captal carbon emssons of the east, central and west regons From fgure 1 we can see that from year 1995 to 2005, both nter-regonal, nfra-regonal hel ndex of per captal carbon emssons among the three regons ncreased, the two hel ndexes acheved peak n 2005, and tended to be stable from year 2006, whch means before year 2005, both nter-regonal dfference and nfra-regonal dfference of per captal carbon emssons among the three regons ncreased, and got stable from year It can also be known that, except year 1995, nter-regonal dfference of per captal carbon emssons s larger than that of nfra-regonal dfference, nter-regonal dfference s man cause of regonal carbon emssons dfference. By analyzng fgure2, we can know that before year 2003,nfra-regonal hel ndex contrbuton rate declned, and nter-regonal hel ndex contrbuton rate ncreased, combned wth fgure 1, t can be got that, though dfference of nter-regon and nfra-regon were ncreasng, ncreasement of nter-regonal dfference s larger than that of nfra-regonal dfference. From year 2003 to 2006, nfra-regonal hel ndex contrbuton rate frstly decreased and then ncreased, nfra-regonalhel ndex acts oppostely, and nter-regonal hel ndex contrbuton rate got stable at 62%, nfra-regonal hel ndex contrbuton rate got stable at 38% snce year From fgure 3, t can be known that hel ndex of the west regon s largest, then followed by that of the east regon and that of the west regon s smallest, whch suggests that dfference of per captal carbon emssons among provnces of the west regon n largest, that of the east regon s smaller and that of the west regon s smallest. hs s closely connected wth economc development of provnces n the three regons, whch s n accordance wth the economc development gap of provnces n the three regons. 4 Conclusons and suggestons By usng thehel ndex to analyze spatal dfference of carbon emssons among the east, central and west regons, nter-regonal hel ndex s larger than nfra-regonal hel ndex, nter-regonal dfference s the man dfference. Inter-regonal and nfra-regonal dfference got stable snce Analyzng dfference of per captal carbon emssons of the east, central and west regons respectvely and got that dfference of per captal carbon emssons among provnces of the west regon n largest, that of the east regon s smaller and that of the west regon s smallest. Above analyss provdes theoretcal foundaton for makng effectve carbon emsson reducton polcy, there exsts 2744

5 dfference of carbon emssons among dfferent regons and among dfferent provnces n one same regon, so when makng relatve polces, the government must fully consdered varaton of current status of dfferent regons and dfferent provnces n the same regon, strengthenng common but dfferentate dutes, hghlghtng farness and effcency, guarantee polcy makng and responsbltes respectvely, rather than smply hghlghtng emsson reducton. Only by makng specfc emsson reducton dstrbuton that sut for dfferent regons development realty, can emsson reducton acheve progress. REFERENCES [1]Hu Chuzh, Huang Xanjn, Zhongayang, et al. Chna Populaton, Resource and Envronment, 2008,18(3) :38~42. [2]Ln Boqang, Jang Zhujun. Management World,2009,(4):27~36. [3]Xu Guangyue, Song Deyong. Chna Industral Economcs,2010,(5):37~47. [4]Zhang Youguo. Economc Research,2010,(04):120~133. [5]Wang Zhaohua, Yn Fangchao, Zhang Yxang. Appled Energy, 2012,100:277~284.. [6]Sun Changlong, Jn Nuo, Zhang Xaole, et al. ScentaGeographca Snca,2013, 33(3):266~272 [7]Ln Boqang, Lu Xyng. Economc Research,2010,(8):66~78. [8]Zhang Le, Huang Yuanx, L Xaome, et al. Resources Scence,2010,32(2):211~217. [9]Webe K S., Bruckner M, Gjum S. Journal of Industral Ecology,2012,4(16):636~646. [10]Yang Qan, Lu Huajun. Quanttatve and echncal Economcs Research,2012,(5):36~49. [11]Yang C, McCollum D, McCarthy R, Leghty W. ransportaton Research Part D:ransport and Envronment,2009,14 (3):147~156. [12]McCollum D,Yang C. Energy Polcy,2009,37(12):5580~