Oceans for mitigation

Transcription

1 Oceans for mitigation Dan Laffoley oey Marine Vice Chair IUCN s World Commission on Protected Areas

2 NASA

3 BACKGROUND How do we ensure marine protected areas play their full role in activities designed to address climate change? Optimising their role in mitigation Ensuring MPAs (& networks) persist as further (climate change) impacts occur Developing the adaptation role of MPAs and marine p g p communities of interest 2010 onwards... climate smart working

4 KEY FINDINGS/INSIGHTS Need a credible evidence base for action, communicated in an effective manner

5 KEY FINDINGS/INSIGHTS

6 KEY FINDINGS/INSIGHTS

7 KEY FINDINGS/INSIGHTS...IPCC ocean focus?

8 KEY FINDINGS/INSIGHTS Need a credible evidence base for action, communicated in an effective manner Need to join up MPA agenda at a far higher level

9

10 KEY FINDINGS/INSIGHTS Need a credible evidence base for action, communicated in an effective manner Need to join up MPA agenda at a far higher level Need to address the fact that marine protected areas work high levels of protection are critical

11 Large Effects Of Reserves Within Their Borders: More biomass More animals Larger animals More species Lester et al. in review Halpern 2003

12 Changed dynamics Greater Resilience

13 KEY FINDINGS/INSIGHTS Need a credible evidence base for action, communicated in an effective manner Need to join up MPA agenda at a far higher level Need to address the fact that protected areas work high levels of protection are critical Need to recognise that all ecosystems and species are important Need to recognise that all ecosystems and species are important but some marine ecosystems are critical aspects of a comprehensive approach to mitigation coastal carbon sinks

14 KEY QUESTIONS The scale of protection now needed? The levels of protection now needed?

15 All MPAs designated by mid-2008 >5000 MPAs, over 2.35 million km 2, 0.72% of oceans Map source:wood, L. J., Fish, L., Laughren, J. & Pauly, D Oryx 42(3):

16 KEY QUESTIONS The scale of protection now needed? The levels of protection now needed? The representation now needed?

17 New assessment of Representative protection of the world s coasts and oceans Half of all ecoregions Temperate realms have lowest coverage have <1% coverage Spalding M., Fish L. & Wood L. (2008) Towards representative protection of the world s coasts and oceans progress, gaps and opportunities. Conservation Letters, 1,

18 KEY QUESTIONS The scale of protection now needed? The levels of protection now needed? The representation now needed? The rate of protection now needed?

19 Global progress al ocean area protected (log g) WPC: 30% of world oceans by 2012 WPC: 20% of world oceans by 2012 CBD: 10% of EEZs by 2010 Observed Predicted % of glob 0.1 At current rate goals will not be met until: Year Wood, L. J. et al (2008)

20 KEY QUESTIONS The scale of protection now needed? The levels of protection now needed? The representation now needed? The rate of protection now needed? How we can bring the ocean centre-stage with other elements already acknowledged as critical for mitigating climate challenge?

21 KEY PRODUCTS Adaptation and mitigation

22 KEY ACTION

23 KEY PRODUCTS Adaptation and mitigation Ocean acidification guide

24 KEY ACTION

25 KEY PRODUCTS Adaptation and mitigation Ocean acidification guide Coastal carbon management report

26 KEY PRODUCTS

27 KEY PRODUCTS

28 KEY PRODUCTS Adaptation and mitigation Ocean acidification guide Carbon management report Protecting planet ocean? levels, scales and rates of protection now needed to address global marine biodiversity loss, climate change, ocean acidification, human health and food security challenges 100% protection from some habitats?

29 OPPORTUNITIES CBD and Programme of Work on Protected Areas Copenhagen and climate agendas Collate science evidence for links to emission reductions? National green house gas inventories of countries Higher levels of protection through Governments and Regions Transfer of resilience theory and practice from tropical to temperate and polar regions

30 OPPORTUNITIES Change the world view! The Economics of Ecosystems & Biodiversity (TEEB) Halt deforestation Protect tropical forests Save and restore global fisheries Recognised deep links between ecosystem degradation & rural poverty Protect coastal carbon sinks Halting the destruction of coastal carbon sinks can be a more cost effective way to support the mitigate climate change impacts than man-made alternatives, such as geo-engineering and carbon capture and storage. REDD now needs BLUE Work with nature and natural processes, alongside drastic Work with nature and natural processes, alongside drastic reductions in CO 2 emissions!

31 FOLLOW UP ACTIONS Proposed action Timing Responsibility Ensure robust evidence base on impacts and sinks is communicated effectively Now onwards IPCC, WCPA, partners & marine community Provide guidance on levels, scales and 2010 WCPA & partners rates of protection (devel & hiumans) Transfer resilience theory and practice from tropical to temperate and polar Collate science on coastal carbon emission savings? WCPA, partners, donors 2010 WCPA & partners Scale up protection and management of coastal carbon sinks Now onwards Governments, Conventions etc Include coastal carbon in climate change mechanisms and national inventories Mid-term target Carbon markets/off-set schemes Mid-term target? IPCC, UNFCCC

32 FOLLOW UP ACTIONS Proposed action Timing Responsibility Have accurate information on what is being protected PPO and PPE Spring 2010 onwards WCPA & partners, MPA practitioners Have accurate information on how well we are protecting things management effectiveness Expand carbon sink study to other key marine habitats and species 2010??? WCPA & partners???? 2010 WCPA & partners