The Role of Potable Reuse as a Sustainable Water Supply Alternative

Transcription

1 California Nevada Section Annual Fall Conference October 23, 2014 Reno, NV The Role of Potable Reuse as a Sustainable Water Supply Alternative Jeff Mosher, NWRI Executive Director Fountain Valley, CA jmosher@nwri-usa.org

2 NWRI: 501c3 Nonprofit Joint Powers Authority Water and Wastewater Agency Members Research and Education Potable Reuse Independent Advisory Panels: OCWD/OCSD Goundwater Replenishment System San Diego IPR/Surface Water Augmentation LADWP/BOS Groundwater Recharge Project Tucson, AZ El Paso, TX (Direct Potable Reuse) Olympia, WA Pure Water Monterey GW Replenishment Santa Clara Valley Water District Potable Reuse Direct Potable Reuse DPR Expert Panel for SWRCB Division of Drinking Water 2

3 NWRI Independent Advisory Panels Designed for: Water and wastewater agencies Local, county, and state government agencies Panels can: Validate the project's objectives/approach/progress Assure the public and provide credibility Jeff Mosher, NWRI Executive Director Promote public policy decisions NWRI s Role: Administer the panel Fountain Valley, CA jmosher@nwri-usa.org Organized/facilitated 25+ panel in the past 5 years

4 Current State of Urban Water 4

5 Challenges Population Competing demands Infrastructure Groundwater overdraft Environment Climate change Fragmented governance Water scarcity 5

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7 Status of Response to 2014 Drought March

8 Status of Response to 2014 Drought October 22,

9 Urban Water Sustainability Reliable, drought-proof water supplies Use of local water supplies Taking conservation to the next level Consumer water efficiency rebates Consumer plumbing and appliance retrofits Require businesses to reduce water footprint Designer Water: The right water for the right uses 9

10 How to Think About Wastewater in the 21 st Century Wastewater is a renewable recoverable source of energy, nutrients, and potable water - George Tchobanoglous, Professor Emeritus, UC Davis

11 Urban Water Revolution David L. Sedlak, Ph.D. Professor, UC Berkeley 11

12 Water 3.0: Centralized Vision Water In Water Treatment potable sewage runoff Wastewater Treatment Water Out Source: David Sedlak, Berkeley

13 Water 4.0: Centralized Vision non-potable potable Water In Water Treatment potable sewage runoff Resource Recovery Managed Surface Water Water Out Managed Aquifer Source: David Sedlak, Berkeley

14 Distributed Tailored Water Irrigation Potable Reuse Groundwater Recharge Toilet Flushing Source: David Sedlak, Berkeley

15 Solutions Indirect Potable Reuse 15

16 National Research Council (2012) The committee views the planned use of reclaimed water to augment potable water supplies as a solution of last resort National Research Council 1998 the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation could significantly increase the nation s total available water resources. NRC 2010

17 Traditional Cycle: Courtesy of Tom Richardson, RMC

18 De Facto Potable Reuse Courtesy City of San Diego

19 Indirect Potable Reuse: Courtesy of Tom Richardson, RMC

20 IPR: Treatments Proven Tertiary Water Micro/ Ultrafiltration (MF/UF) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Advanced Oxidation H 2 O 2 Ultraviolet Light (UV) Backwash Courtesy of Tom Richardson, RMC Concentrate Advanced Treated Recycled Water (ATRW)

21 Implementing IPR Limitations with nonpotable water reuse Cost, storage, dual system (Large) increases in water supply Uses existing infrastructure Improves reliability Drought proof and locally controlled Sustainable supply Diversified water portfolio Optimizes a water supply Less energy than alternatives Local resource Not as susceptible to climate

22 MGD Water Reuse vs. Ocean Discharge (Los Angeles) Recycled and Discharged to River Recycled and Beneficially Reused Ocean Disposal Year

23 Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) Orange County, CA New 70-MGD (265,000 m 3 /day or 265 MLD) Provides water for 600,000 people Treatment processes: Microfiltration Reverse osmosis Advanced oxidation Operational since January 2008

24 Current IPR Projects California Groundwater Replenishment System Montebello Forebay (Los Angeles) West Basin MWD (Los Angeles) Water Replenishment District Inland Empire Utilities Agency U.S. Upper Occoquan Project (Virginia) Scottsdale (Arizona) El Paso (Texas) Aurora (Colorado) International Singapore Australia

25 San Diego, California

26 IPR: San Diego Reservoir Augmentation

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28 Solutions Direct Potable Reuse 28

29 Direct Potable Reuse: Courtesy of Tom Richardson, RMC

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31 Colorado River Municipal Water District (Big Spring, TX) 8/29/2012 NWRI Workshop - Criteria for Direct Potable Reuse Lake E.V. Spence , 2.24% Full , 0.27% Full

32 Big Spring (TX) Reclamation Project 8/29/2012 NWRI Workshop - Criteria for Direct Potable Reuse

33 Startup /29/2012 NWRI Workshop - Criteria for Direct Potable Reuse

34 DPR Key Research Questions Treatment requirements To protect public health Need for criteria for pathogen and chemical removals On-line monitoring Real-time monitoring Treatment technologies Failsafe approach Defining reliability Source water management (Source Control) Response time (respond to failure) Public perception

35 California Potable Reuse Legislation SB 918* (2010) Directed the following: Adopt criteria for groundwater recharge (December 31, 2013) Adopt criteria for surface water augmentation (December 31, 2016)** Investigate the feasibility of developing criteria for DPR** SB 322* (2013) Directed the following: Convene Expert Panel by February 15, 2014 Identify research for DPR Jeff Mosher, NWRI Executive Director Convene an Advisory Panel for DPR to advise the Expert Panel Consists of Stakeholders Fountain Valley, CA Prepare Expert Panel draft report by June 30, 2016 * Amends sections of the California Water Code related to recycled water. ** Expert Panel required to advise DDW on these topics.

36 NWRI Expert Panel Development of Water Recycling Criteria for IPR through Surface Water Augmentation and the Feasibility of Developing Criteria for DPR Sponsored by the SWRCB s Division of Drinking Water Jeff Mosher, NWRI Executive Director Fountain Valley, CA jmosher@nwri-usa.org

37 Expert Panel Organization CA State Water Resources Control Board Division of Drinking Water (Cindy Forbes, Div. Director; and Bruce Burton) NWRI (Jeff Mosher) Jeff Mosher, NWRI Executive Director Fountain Valley, CA Research (WateReuse Research Foundation, etc.) Expert Panel (Adam Olivieri and Jim Crook, Co-Chairs) DPR Advisory Committee (Garry Brown, Chair)

38 DPR Advisory Committee 1. Advisory committee members selected by DDW Include: water and wastewater agencies, local public health officers, environmental organizations, environmental justice organizations, public health organizations, the state board, EPA, and ratepayer or taxpayer advocate organizations. 2. Advisory committee consulted for the selection of Expert Panel members Jeff Mosher, (completed) NWRI Executive Director Fountain Valley, CA 3. Advise expert panel regarding developing DPR criteria (ongoing) 4. Subject to Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act

39 DPR Advisory Committee Chair: Garry Brown, Orange County Coastkeeper Randy Barnard, DDW (SWRCB) Conner Everts, Environmental Justice Coalition for Water Jim Fiedler, Santa Clara Valley Water District Al Lau, Padre Dam Municipal Water District Bruce Macler, U.S. EPA Traci Minamide, LA Bureau of Sanitation Charles Mosher, Mariposa County Health Department Alisa Reinhardt, San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce Jeff Mosher, NWRI Executive Director Keith Solar, San Diego County Taxpayers Association Fountain Valley, CA Fran Spivy-Weber, SWRCB Board Member Marsi Steirer, City of San Diego Ray Tremblay, Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts Andria Ventura, Clean Water Action Mike Wehner, Orange County Water District

40 Expert Panel Tasks 1. Assess what, if any, additional areas of research are needed for establishing criteria for DPR 2. Advise DDW on public health issues and scientific and technical matters regarding the development of surface water augmentation (IPR) criteria Jeff Mosher, NWRI Executive Director Fountain Valley, CA 3. Advise DDW on public health issues and scientific and technical matters regarding the feasibility of developing criteria for DPR

41 Expert Panel Members Co-Chairs Adam Olivieri, Dr.P.H., P.E., EOA, Inc. (CA) James Crook, Ph.D., P.E., Environmental Engineering Consultant (MA) Panel Members Michael Anderson, Ph.D., University of California, Riverside (CA) Richard Bull, Ph.D., MoBull Consulting (WA) Dr.-Ing. Jörg Drewes, Technische Universität München (Germany) Charles Haas, Ph.D., Drexel University (PA) Jeff Mosher, NWRI Executive Director Walter Jakubowski, M.S., WaltJay Consulting (WA) Perry McCarty, Sc.D., Stanford University (CA) Fountain Valley, CA Kara Nelson, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley (CA) Joan Rose, Ph.D., Michigan State University (MI) David Sedlak, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley (CA) Tim Wade, Ph.D., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (NC)

42 NWRI Expert Panel for DDW Jeff Mosher, NWRI Executive Director Fountain Valley, CA

43 DDW DPR Websites Expert Panel: water/rw_swa_dprexpertpanel.shtml Advisory Committee: water/rw_dpr_advisorygroup.shtml Water Code: Jeff Mosher, NWRI Executive Director Fountain Valley, CA bin/displaycode?section=wat&group= &file=

44 Solutions Examples 44

45 Orange County Sanitation District Resource Recovery Preliminary Treatment Primary Treatment Secondary Treatment Influent Reclaim/ Effluent Solids Reuse Solids Dewatering Solids Processing Heat Digesters Digester Gas Energy to Plant Central Power Generation System Engines

46 Nitrogen recovery Dual Flush Toilets 46

47 Inland Empire Utilities Agency Sustainability Investments Composting Facility Air and Solar Energy Fuel Cells 47

48 Stormwater Manage a resource Use of: Green infrastructure Rain gardens Potential: Water supply Water quality improvements Watershed approach 48

49 Source: WERF 49

50 Sustainable Water Management Water use efficiency Groundwater management Stormwater capture Reservoir management Recycled water (potable and nonpotable) Brackish and ocean desalination Integrated water management Increased reliability

51 Public Perception Need for Acceptance 51

52 Is public attitude the biggest challenge to potable reuse and other innovations?

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54 Psychology of Water Reuse Human Reactions to Water Reuse WateReuse Foundation (Brent Haddad 2004) Workshop with psychologists Law of Contagion once in contact always in contact ( salad and cockroach ) Not fully subject to logic and science But you can deal with these through framing Process to categorize and ignore parts of reality Frame things out of awareness Not think about where something has been (forks, plates)

55 Use Advanced Treated Recycled Water as an Addition to Drinking Water Supply 45% 45% 40% 35% 35% 36% 33% 37% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 10% 16% 19% 12% 12% 11% 11% 10% 9% % 4% 0% Strongly Favor Somewhat Favor Somewhat Oppose Stongly Oppose Unsure 55

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57 Urban Water Sustainability Manage water as a resource Diverse and multiple strategies Innovative solutions Regional solutions Decentralized systems Graywater Rain water harvesting Integrated water management Need for research

58 Thank you! Jeff Mosher National Water Research Institute Fountain Valley, CA (714)