Innovations in Reneable Energy Generation and Development

Transcription

1 Innovations in Reneable Energy Generation and Development T. Harinarayana Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute Gandhinagar, Gujarat th WORLD RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS & EXPO 2014, New Delhi Aug , 2014

2 Road Map Introduction Innovations in Solar Energy Generation Solar cells Innovations in Solar Energy Generation Appled Geothermal Energy sector Geothermal Energy sector- breakthrough result Road map for geothermal energy development Conclusions

3 REQUIRED CAPACITY ADDITION IN INDIA BY % GDP % GDP 7% GDP Installed Capacity in GW Gujarat GW 9% Growth 123 GW 3

4 Remember our Energy Target Present (2013) status 212 GW Projected energy demand Target (2031) 1207 GW Ratio =5.7 Let us find a simple solution!!!! 4

5 What are India s Strengths? We have plenty of Sunlight We have plenty of Wind during all seasons We have many Rivers, Himalaya mountains We have more than 300 hot springs (40-80 o C) We have vast landmass = 32,87,263 km² We have large technical manpower 5

6 India s Weaknesses We do not have enough Hydrocarbons We do not have much Nuclear Fuel The shallow coal is not enough to our power sector We have more than 1 Billion people to take care of for food, energy etc 6

7 Let us look at what our friends in Europe are doing in Solar..? 7

8 Comparison between India and Germany Solar Power Generation MW Solar Power Generation-2012: 32,643 MW Area:3,287,263 km 2 Installed: 1.7 GW Area= 357,022 km 2 32,643 MW=33 GW India is 9.2 times larger than Germany!! 8

9 Road Map Introduction Innovations in Solar Energy Generation Solar cells Innovations in Solar Energy Generation Appled Geothermal Energy sector Geothermal Energy sector- breakthrough result Road map for geothermal energy development Conclusions

10 Why Solar.? Solar is a proven technology Gujarat has already installed more than 825 MW India has plenty of sunlight in all the seasons Many more advantages..like pollution free etc. 10

11 What contribution made in Solar Research by GERMI? Innovation in Basic Science Innovation in Applied Science Innovation in Solar projects in Gujarat

12 Graphene as an Alternative to ransparent and Conducting Film Vertically oriented Graphene as a Field Electron Emitter Graphene electrode with transparency > 85% with good conductivity was fabricated by exfoliated technique. In this work graphene was used as transparent and current spreading electrode for the replacement of costly ITO. Our work provides a process path for the incorporation of graphene in thin film solar cells. Vertically oriented graphene films has grown directly on dielectric substrates avoiding metal catalyst contamination and other damages to the graphene film. The vertical films were found to be better electron emitters than the flat ones due to the high density of sharp edges on substrate that locally enhance the electric field, dramatically increasing field emission. From S. K. Behura et al. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. (2013) From S. K. Behura et al. Phys. Status Solidi A (2013) [This is featured in Nature India] 12

13 Researcher Develops a New Technique for Silicon Nanowire Synthesis A new technique that is catalyst-free synthesis has been developed to synthesize silicon nanowire (SiNW) of diameter of 25 nm and length of 5 µm with aspect ratio of 167. In particular, important applications of the NWs are: catalysis, Li ion batteries, solar cells, biological and chemical sensors, for metallic interconnects in nanoscale quantum devices, electronic devices and field-emitters. 13 S. K. Behura et al. J. Mater. Sci. (2013)

14 Innovations - Applied Science in Solar Energy

15 Typical Solar panel arrangement

16 6-9 am Solar Panels Solar Panels Sun Light Solar Panels

17 9-11 am Solar Panels Solar Panels Shadow

18 1 11 am-2 pm Solar Panels Solar Panels Shadow Solar Panels

19 2-4 pm Solar Panels Solar Panels Shadow Solar Panels

20 4-6 pm Sun Light Solar Panels Solar Panels Solar Panels

21 Schematic diagram for modeling showing the solar module and shade above with varying height of 1 10m From Pragya Sharma and Harinarayana,

22 Two layer panels with plane mirrors attached

23 Modeling studies on the Use of National Highways We have large road and rail network in India They connect all major cities and towns Cities and towns require large power They connect all major substations

24 Typical Layout of Solar panels over a National Highway

25 Innovative project on Canal Top

26 Another example: Solar panels on canals, Advantage: Reduce the evaporation

27 Another Innovation in Solar We can Use Agricultural Lands also for solar energy generation without affecting the crops growth From Harinarayana and Vasavi, 2014

28 a b c d e f

29 Energy Generation with 7.6,11.4, chess patttern panels Effect on Neighbour s land

30 Geothermal Option

31 An Example from Iceland

32 Energy sources used for space heating of Buildings Eg. From Iceland 32 Source: ICELAND Orkustofnun GEOSURVEY

33 From fossil fuel to geothermal: The environmental benefit Before geothermal space heating: Reykjavik in 1933 covered with smoke from coal heatings, With geothermal space heating: Reykjavik in 2008, almost same view but without visible air pollution

34 Geothermal regions Himalayan province 2 - Sohana Valley Cambay Basin 4 - Son-Narmada lineament belt 5 - West coast 6 - Godavari basin 7 - Mahanadi basin

35 Major Tectonic regions

36 GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS HYDROTHERMAL HOT DRY ROCK Meteoric Water Hot Water/Steam Cold Water Hot Rock

37 Normal Geothermal Gradients 0 m Temperature(C) 25 o 35 o 0 m Temperature(C) 35 o 65 o /km 10 m 1000 m

38 Normal Temperature Gradients 0 m Temperature(C) 25 o 35 o 0 m Temperature(C) 35 o 65 o o /km 10 m 1000 m Hot

39 Geothermal Energy can be used both for heating and colling th Geothermal Heating Geothermal Cooling Depth= <10m Depth= >100m

40 Solar and Geothermal can work well in Gujarat Solar Panels Solar Powered pump Depth= 3-100m

41 Puga valley, J & K Geo-electric section 41 41

42 2-D Model along C-profile Shallow and deep subsurface section

43 43

44 Temperature-depth profiles measured over Puga hotspring area 44 44

45 ESTIMATED TEMPERATURES IN DIFFERENT GEOTHERMAL FIELDS Geothermal Field Reservoir Temp (Approx) Puga 260 o C at 1500 meter Status Magneto-telluric study was done by NGRI, Deep drilling is being planned Heat flow rate 180 mw/m 2 Tattapani Sarguja (Chhattisgarh) Tapoban Chamoli (Uttarakhand) 120 o C o C at 500 meter; 200 o C at 1500 meter (from MT) 100 o C at 430 meter 150 o C at 1500 meter Chhattisgarh government presently planning to develop the region Favorable location for development Cambay Garben (Gujrat) Badrinath Chamoli (Uttarakhand) 160 o C at 1900 meter (From Oil exploration bore hole) Steam discharge was estimated 3000 cu meter/ day with high temprature gradient. 150 o C estimated Magneto-telluric study was done by NGRI 45 Deep drilling required to ascertain

46 Geothermal Field Reservoir Temp (Approx) Status Surajkund Hazaribagh (Jharkhand 110 o C Magneto-telluric study was done by NGRI. Heat flow rate mw/m 2 Kasol Kullu (H P) 110 o C Magneto-telluric study was done by NGRI 46

47 Conclusions India need to focus on three important sources of energy Solar, Wind and Geothermal.. Solar power is a matured technology and India need to focus on research to make this technology much more economical and popular. Vertical axis wind mills are coming. Roof top wind, low geothermal heat programmes are on the way. India need to focus more on renewable energy fuels and less depend on the non-renewable sources in the years to come.!!! GERMI is determined to promote renewable Energy in a Big way in the coming years..

48 Due Acknowledgements to WRETC President Dr.Anil Garg for the invitation 48