Holistic Sludge Management in a Swedish perspective

Transcription

1 Holistic Sludge Management in a Swedish, Scandinavian and European perspective HSM2016 in Malmö 7 June 2016 Anders Finnson, Swedish Water&Wastewater Association Holistic Sludge Management in a Swedish perspective Circular economy on Midsummer s Eve 2

2 Swedish Water&Wastewater Association Sweden should have fresh drinking water, clean lakes and seas and access to long-term sustainable water services. 3 Swedish environmental goals The generational goal The overall goal of Swedish environmental policy is to hand over to the next generation a society in which the major environmental problems in Sweden have been solved, - without increasing environmental and health problems outside Sweden s borders. Swedish Environmental Objectives 7 of 16 objectives are related to water&wastewater e.g. Reduced climate impact, Non-toxic environment, Zero eutrophication, A good built environment 4

3 Why circulation of wastewater products? Each year a lot of plant nutrients are transported from Swedish farms with cereals, potatoes, vegetables, meat and milk into the cities The nutrients must somehow be replaced! Either via organic waste from the food chain or new raw material from the crust of soil (P, S, K, Mg) or the air (N) The Swedish Farmer s view is that a sustainable society circulate the plant nutrients back to agricultural land. Sustainability is crucial, and reuse of phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter is an important step in right direction Photo: Sunita Hallgren, LRF

4 Swedish Water&Wastewater Association 7

5

6 Inflow of non-wanted pollutants to the urban water and nutrient cycles Swedish EPA Proposal for a milestone target A Good Built Environment By 2018 at the latest: At least 40% of P and 10% of N in wastewater will be utilised and recycled as nutrients for fields without entailing exposure to pollutants that pose the risk of injuring people or the environment.

7 A good designed strategy for recycling nutrients will also be a driver to reach a non-toxic environment If incineration solutions will be the main strategy instead of recycling, many control-at-source tools will be lost that today drive many municipalities and thousands of businesses and organisations working for non-toxic environment. If nutrient cycles disappear, a main driver to phase out harmful substances to reach the environmental objective non-toxic environment will disappear. This also applies vice versa, recycling of nutrients is impossible to achieve if there is not an engagement to achieve the objective of non-toxic environment. Circular economy for many nutrients - or incineration? The solution is to phase out the substances that pollute the cycles instead of banning the recycling. There is still time ( years) and there is also a need for more than 15 years. We need decisiveness and patience to achieve a sustainable society. If the main strategy will be incineration and the infrastructure is in place, the road back to recycling of nutrients (more than P) will be very long.

8 REVAQ is operated by: - The Swedish Water & Wastewater er Association on - The Federation of Swedish Farmers (LRF) - The Swedish Food Federation - The Swedish Food Retailers Federation. and in close cooperation with the Swedish - Environmental Protection Agency. 15 REVAQ Certification system - Aims be a driving force to further improvement of the incoming wastewater the up stream work. an open and transparent information about how sludge is being produced and it s composition. to secure that the sludge production is done in a responsible way and the quality of sludge fulfil the requirements.

9 Focus in REVAQ Long term goal: Incoming waste water should have a level of metal and organic compounds which not exceeds that from water closets. Traceability and high quality in practical work. Systematic improvements. Fulfilment of specified demands. Relevant declaration of composition. Third party audit Strategies for Revaq and Swedish Water & Wastewater Association Local WWTP working together with local stakeholders, the municipality, connected industries and services National Swedish Water&Wastewater Association working in contact with national stakeholders, authorities and the Government EU-wide EurEau (the Association for the European Water Companies) in contact with EU-commission and the Parliament 18

10 Examples of Swedish, Nordic and EU - actions Cadmium in paints Silver as biocides in clothing Speed up the process to have more substances on the REACH candidate, authorisation and restriction lists Education for retailers purchasers In the committee of Nordic ecolabelling 19 The wastewater treatment is not made for chemicals nor is our environment 20

11 Revaq and sludge use in Sweden Total sludge from Revaq WWTP Holistic Sludge Management in a Scandinavian Nordic perspective The Nordic countries has got many similarities 22

12 The Nordic countries have got many differences same but different EU NATO Denmark Yes No Yes Finland Yes Yes No Iceland No No Yes Norway No No Yes Sweden Yes No No 23 The Nordic countries has got many differences Sludge use agriculture Sludge use landscaping Incine ration Land -fill Temper ature sludge debate Denmark 63% 9% 27% 1% Medium 80% Finland 3% 96% 0% 1% Medium No Iceland Most commo n No debate Norway 67% 28% 0% 1% Low No National goal for P recycling Sweden 25% 53% 1% 2% High Proposed 40% P and 24 10% N No

13 Holistic Sludge Management in a European perspective 25 The hierarchy of waste and recycling management 26

14 Sludge use in some European countries EU Sludge Directive 86/278/EEC of 12 June 1986 The EU Action plan on Circular economy (Dec 2015) EU Action Plan Waste package (proposed revised Directives (household wastes)

15 The EU Action plan for Circular Economy Important ingredients, the Action plan recognises: How water services will contribute to a more sustainable European economy. Source control of hazardous substances Phosphorous is a critical raw material and of both high economic importance for the EU and vulnerable to supply disruption The Commission has proposed a revised EU regulation on fertilisers incl. organic and waste-based fertilisers in the single market - without including sludge. Not sustainable But no goal for P recycling, should have been 50% of P in wastewater should be recycled to agr. land Inflow of non-wanted pollutants to the urban water and nutrient cycles

16 Phosphorous is a critical raw material (P reserves 2013, 67 Gigatons) EU is to more than 90% dependent on import. USGS, 2014 Strategies for recycling nutrients from urban areas to the countryside Systems to recycle much of the organic matter, phosphorus and parts of other nutrients Black water systems or very good sludge quality (small proportion of N, no" K) Systems to recycle large amount of the nutrients from wastewater (but less P) Urine separation

17 System solutions to recycle only P Full-scale Demo Lab/Pilot PEARL NuReSys Crystalactortor, CaP Sludge liquor Precipitation/ Crystallisation after anaerobic P-release (Bio-P WWTPs) AirPrex FIX-PHOS CaP/CSH STRUVIA PHOSPAQ ANPHOS Ecobalans, NPK REPHOS P-RoC CaP/CSH Sludge Sludge digestion and P-precipitation Budenheim DCP MEPHREC P-slag Stuttgart KREPRO FeP Gifhorn, CaP LYSOGEST Ash Acid leaching Thermal LEACHPHOS HOS P-mineral ECOPHOS DCP MEPHREC P-slag THERMPHOS P 4 TetraPhos H 3 PO 4 Fertilizer Industry Mineral fertilizer AshDec (Outotec) P-mineral RECOPHOS FP7 H 3 PO 4 P-bac (INOCRE) RECOPHOS D CaP KUBOTA P-slag Conclusions There is a need to recycle more nutrients We need political milestone targets and a regulation that is a driver for safe recycling of nutrients We need less hazardous substances in the water cycle We need to work with the waste/recycling hierarchy When sludge does not match the quality req. other recycling strategies are needed