From the BioWasteRecycling Vision to Reality and Beyond

Transcription

1 From the BioWasteRecycling Vision to Reality and Beyond Status and outlook of EU legislation on organic waste management IED/BREF status, recycling targets, landfill targtes, ABPR, resources strategy, fertiliserregulation Florian Amlinger 100-NGO; European Compost Network ECN e.v. Námešť nad Oslavou, October 2014

2 The European Compost Network Network for the organic waste recycling sector in Europe Promoting sustainable recycling practices in composting, anaerobic digestion and other biological treatment processes of organic resources Integrated organic waste recycling solutions generatinghigh quality products for the benefit of consumers and the environment 2

3 The European Compost Network - Membership Status of ECN Membership 21 Biowaste Organisations of 14 European Countries ECN represents more than treatment plants with more than 20 M tpa treatment capacities in 24 European countries. 3

4 EU Circular Economy Package Prevention Preparing for re-use Recycling Other recovery Dispo sal COM(2014) 398: Towards a circular economy: a zero waste programme for Europe

5 European Environment Action Programme Operational objectives of the 7 th EAP Waste generationshould decline and be decoupled from GDP evolution; Reuse and recycling should be at the highest level feasible; Incineration should be limited to waste which is not recyclable; Landfilling of recoverable waste should be phased out. Simplify EU waste legislation (targets, definitions, consistency in target setting, removing obsolete requirements, simplifying reporting obligations) Improve monitoring (waste statistics, targets reporting, early warning procedure) ENSUREoptimal waste management in all Member States (dissemination of best practices, economic instruments, harmonization of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Establish mid-term waste targets ( regarding resource efficiency and access to raw materials) 5

6 EU Legislative Approaches Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) Waste Target Review Process Industrial Emission Directive (2010/75/EC) Revision and development of Best Available Technique Reference Document (BREF) "Waste Treatment" covering biological treatment (MBT/AD/Composting) Directive on the Promotion of the use of Renewable Energy (2009/28/EC) Directive proposal for the promotion of the use of renewable Energy including indirect land use changes (iluc) 6

7 EU Legislative Approaches Future Perspectives Regulation on End-of-waste criteriafor compost and digestate JRC-IPTS report published in January 2014 Decision on comitology process is stopped Revision of the EU Fertiliser Regulation including organic fertilisers, soil improvers and growing media Impact assessment internal revision of EC Draft proposal until end of

8 European Environment Action Programme General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020 Living well, within the limits of our planet Based on policy initiatives of Europe 2020 Strategy Including the EU Climate and Energy Package Roadmap formovingtoa low-carboneconomyin 2015 EU Biodiversity Strategy Roadmap to a recource efficient Europe 8

9 Status of Waste Management in Europe 9

10 EU Circular Economy Package Ban the LANDFILLINGof recyclable waste (e.g. plastics, metals, glass, paper and cardboard, and biodegradable waste) by 2025, Extend the ban on landfilling to all recoverable municipal waste by A certain proportion of waste is non-recoverable, and therefore potentially landfilled,since no alternative treatment option for such residual waste is currently available. This would be limited to a maximum of 5%.

11 WFD proposal Amendment of Article 6 (WFD) End-of-waste status: (2) End-of-waste specific criteria should be considered, among others, at least for aggregates, paper, glass, metal, tyres, textiles and bio-waste. (3) Wastewhichhasceasedtobewastein accordancewith paragraphs1 and2 shallbedeemedtoberecycledforthepurpose of the calculation of the targets set out on this Directive unless the materialsaredestinedtobeusedasa fuelor, withtheexceptionof aggregates derived from construction and demolition waste, for backfilling.

12 WFD proposal Article 9 point 3. (WFD) Prevention of Food waste: Member States shall take measures to prevent food waste generation along the whole food supply chain. The measures shall endeavour to ensure that food waste in the manufacturing, retail/distribution, food service/hospitality and household sectors is reduced by at least 30% between 1 January 2017 and 31 December By 31 December 2017, the Commission shall adopt implementing acts to establish uniform conditions for the monitoring of the implementation of food waste prevention measures taken by Member States. Early warning REPORT by EEA 2022

13 WFD proposal Article 11 point 3. (WFD) REUSE & RECYCLING: 50% reuse and recycling target for Municipal waste until 1 st January 2020 Early warning REPORT by EEA %reuse and recycling target for Municipal waste until 1 st January 2030 Early warning REPORT by EEA 2027 Recycling of PACKAGING waste Increase the recycling rate for packaging waste to 80% by 2030, with interim targets of 60% by 2020 and 70% by 2025, including targets for specific materials;

14 WFD proposal New proposal for Article 22 (WFD) Bio-waste: 'In order to minimize contamination of waste materials, Member States shall ensure separate collection of bio-waste by The Commission shall carry out an assessment on the management of bio-wastewith a view to submitting a proposal if appropriate.the assessment shall examine the opportunity of setting minimum requirements for bio-waste management and quality criteria for compost and digestatefrom bio-waste, in order to guarantee a high level of protection for human health and the environment.'; End ofwasteproposal/ Fertiliser Regulation?

15 WFD proposal Amendment of Article 37 (WFD) REPORTING: (1) Member States shall annually transmit their data concerning the implementation of Articles 9(3), 11(2)(a), 11(2)(b) and 11(2)(c) electronicallyto the Commission by 31 December of the year following that for which the data are collected. UNIFORM FORMAT! (6) establishing uniform conditions for the verification of compliance with the laying down the reporting format and establishing minimum conditions for the third party verification. ONE calculation Method for assessmeng the achievement of the recycling targts proposed total quantity reused& recycled MUN waste generated MUNICIPAL waste

16 Collection and Treatment of Bio-waste in Europe Biowaste an important waste stream: % bio-wastein municipalsolid waste(msw) Potential of bio-waste in Europe: 90 M tpa Recycling of bio-wastein Europe : 24 M tpa > 65 M t (73%) ofbio-waste is still wasted every year M tpa million tonnes per annum 16

17 That s not all remarkable figures[at] Market waste: Catering waste: Dairy waste Former foodstuff Agro-Industry waste Plant andanimalgreaseandfatwaste Hides, skins from leather industry Wood waste Bark Sawdust Others Org. household waste / green waste TOTAL 0,2 Mt 0,15 Mt 0,12 Mt 0,84 Mt 0,30 Mt 0,27 Mt 0,12 Mt 2,0 Mt, 1,60 Mt 0,62 Mt 1,60 Mt 7,82 Mt 17

18 Moving towards a recycling society? EEA report on Municipal Waste Mangement(2013) Over the past 10 years recycling + composting increased by 13% for the whole EU During the same period, 13% reduction of the landfilling rate from 50% to 37% But still a long way to go The food waste challenge Conclusion of EEA report: Extraordinary effort needed in a majority of MS to achieve the 50% recycling target Improving recycling rate of MSW through increasing bio-waste recycling 18

19 Industrial Emission Directive (IED) 19

20 Industrial Emission Directive(IED) EU Directive (2010/75/EU) adopted on 24 November 2010, it came into force on 6 January 2011 It had to be transposed intonational legislation by Member States by 7 January 2013 Successor of the IPPC-Directive, aims at minimisingpollution from various industrial sources throughout the European Union. Operators of industrial installationsoperating activities covered by Annex I of the IED are required to: Obtain an integrated permit from the authorities in the EU countries Follow best available techniques (BAT). Info can be found at gislation.htm 20

21 Which type of facilities are affected by the new IED? Annex I of the IED includes: Biological treatment (recovery) Composting 75 Biogas Plants 100 tonnes/day Biological treatment (disposal) MBT 50 Biogas Plants 100 tonnes/day Definition. daily capacity: The maximum capacity to which the installation is limitedtechnically or legally. UK:Tonnesof composting piles on composting site / days of processing AT: thedailyaveragee.g.: 75 t x 365 = tons/year

22 The Seville BREF Process EC/EIPPCB organises Member States Industry/ NGOs MS: Nomination ofnational WG WISH LIST Data collection (Questionnaire) Commenting KICK-OFF MEETING 1st DRAFT 2nd DRAFT Commenting Forum Committee FINAL MEETING FINAL DRAFT BAT Conclusions 22

23 TWG subgroups a. Subgroup to support the development of the questionnaire b. Subgroup on biological treatment (main activity period foreseen at this stage: December 2013 June January 2014) c. Subgroup on mechanical treatment d. Subgroup on physico-chemical treatment 23

24 The BREF Chapters 1. Preface, Scope, General Information 2. Applied Processes and Techniques 3. Present Consumption and Emission Levels 4. Techniques to Consider in the Determination of BAT 5. BAT Conclusions 6. Emerging Techniques 7. Concluding Remarks and recommendation for future work 8. Annexes and References

25 Currently proposed techniques and processes Biological Treatment Source separated Biowaste & sewage sludge Mixed waste Purpose Composting AD Bio-Drying of sewage sludge Composting Biological Stabilisation Bio-Drying AD Open/outdoor Composting Indoor/ Encapsulated Composting 2) 2) or in a combination with indoor/outdoor Wet Digestion Without post composting of digestate Dry Digestion With post composting of digestate AD (if used) Composting: indoor/ Encapsulated alone or combined with outdoor maturation AD (if used) Composting: indoor/ Encapsulated alone or combined with outdoor maturation indoor/ Encapsulated without postcomposting Application on land according to national and European legislation Incineration with energy recovery Application on land according to national legislation Landfilling complying with national stability criteria SRF Energy Recovery Landfilling etc. complying with nat. criteria 25

26 Main Techniques 1. Techniques generally applicable to all biological treatments 2. Techniques specific to each biological treatment type 2.1 Techniques specific to all composting systems Specific techniques to consider for OUTDOOR composting Specific techniques to consider for INDOOR composting 2.2 Specific techniques to consider for anaerobic digestion (AD) 2.3 Techniques to consider for mechanical biological treatment (MBT) Processes and management Waste acceptance procedures Storage & handling of incoming waste Preparation of wastes for composting process Process monitoring & control Emissions to water Emissions to air Odour Bioaerosols & Dust Ammonia Measures of waste gas treatment Energy efficiency measures Measures to reduce raw materials consumption Product preparation Achieved environmental benefits Cross-media effects Operational data Applicability Economics -Driving force for implementation Example plants Reference literature 26

27 End of Waste Project for Compost & Digestate & Revision of the Fertiliser Regulation

28 The End of Waste Project for Biodegradable Waste 28

29 The End of Waste Project for Biodegradable Waste non-contaminated from separate collection of bio-waste, biodegradable residues from agriculture (including manure), forestry, fishery and horticulture, or any such previously composted or digested material. INPUT Materials NO Mixed Waste NO Municipal Sewage Sludge Product Quality EoW Criteria Requirements Treatment Process 3 Time/Temperature profiles for composting Quality Assurance Provision of Information 29

30 EU Fertiliser Regulation Marketing of Fertilsers from WASTE (1) Compliance to legal requirements allowing use of processed waste materials as input for e.g. compost & digestate set out in the Annexes of the Fertiliser Regulation Compliance of the final fertilising material to the essential safety, quality and labelling requirements specific to its relevant category COMPOST and DIGESTATE recognised as organic fertiliser or soil improver 30

31 EU Fertiliser Regulation Marketing of Fertilsers from WASTE (2) Legal requirements for the waste material to be considered as acceptable input materials in the FR : Make use of JRC conclusions for composts and digestates List of input materials General requirements on treatment processes and techniques Specific list of contaminants (medicinal products, ) not covered by the essential safety criteria for products Exclude products complying with the future Fertilisers Regulation from the scope of the WFD Specify the certification procedure for waste derived products 31

32 EoW REPORT ECOLABEL proposal FERT-REG Org. Fertiliser As(mg/kgd.m.) / Cd(mg/kg d.m.) Cr (mg/kg d.m.) Cr-total: 100 Cr-total: 75 Cr VI: Cu(mg/kg d.m.) ; declare > 200 Hg(mg/kg d.m.) 1 0, Ni(mg/kg d.m.) Pb(mg/kg d.m.) Zn(mg/kgd.m.) ; declare > 600 PAH 16* (mg/kgd.m.) Salmonellae Absent in 25 g dry matter E.Coli 1000 CFU/g fresh weight Impurities (glass, metal, plastics) < 0,5 % dry matter Stones > 5 mm < 2% Viable seeds and weeds per litre 2 2 (1 = GM & mulches) 2 Drymatter % Nitrogen % f.m.(si & Mulches) N-tot: 2.5 % f.m. N-org: > 2.0 % f.m. Inorganic Nitrogen --- < 20 % of N-tot --- (SI& Mulches) P2O5total P2O5-total: > 2% f.m. K2Osoluble K2O-watersol.: > 2% f.m. Organicmatter(%drymatter) C-org: 15 f.m. Stability/maturity 25 mmolo 2 /kg 15 mmol/kg O 2 /kg --- Rottegrad III, IV, V Rottegrad IV/V 32 Electrical conductivity(gm) ms/m ---

33 National measures on products Fertilsersand feedstock materials that are not covered by the EU Regulation: National End of Waste procedure NOTIFIED to the COMMISSION Marketing only nationally or with Mutual Recognition by Member States Otherwise, it remains a waste and the waste legislation applies 33

34 Standard labelling /technicalcharacteristics/ compulsory identification information of organic fertilisers 34

35 Labelling - Organic fertilisers technical characteristics Total nitrogen (expressed in % of the product as received = fresh matter) Ammoniacal nitrogen Ureic nitrogen and organic nitrogen P soluble in mineral acid Total and water-soluble K Water-soluble MgO, CaO and SO3 above 1% of the commercial product Cu and Zn if above 200 and 600 mg/kg d.m Water-soluble content of micro-nutrients above 0,1% of the commercial product Corg/Norg ratio and total humic extract and humic/fulvic acid content (ISO in dvp) Organic matter content or C org (%) 35

36 Organic fertilisers Compulsory identification Identification of the product category The quantity (in weight or volume) The relevant technical characteristics of organic fertiliser (see table above) The batch identification code Guidelines for the safe handling (where applicable) and use (including possible limitation of use in accordance with MS provisions) Where relevant, a statement about the suitability or not -of the product for particular plant groups The name and the address of the manufacturer or importer and Main constituents above 5% by weight of the final product in descending order of importance. Percentages do not need to be mentioned. Responsible person (manufacturer, importer, distributor): name and address 36

37 Organic fertiliser Optional identification Trade name of the product Granulometry? Should be compulsory to differentiate granules, pellets, powder, prill Recommended conditions of storage and the recommended use by date. 37

38 Implementation of the ABPR Main regulation: Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 Implementing Regulation: Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 Copies /biosafety/animalbyproducts/i ndex_en.htm 38

39 Implementation of the ABPR The 3 Risk-related categories OnlyCategory2 & 3 can be processed in biogas and composting plants Collection& Transport Article 21(4) collection, transportation and disposal of Category3 CATERING WASTE, in accordance with Article13 WFD. 39

40 Minimum process requirements Hygienisation ABP-Regulation Does not apply for green waste! Transformation of Animal By-products and Derived Products into Biogas, Composting Location & hygienisation units General operative hygiene requirements Time - Temperature Regime Final product standards ( Salmonellae/E.coli/Enterococcae) OPEN WINDROW Composting OK if all the material in the system achieves the required time and temperature parameters TURNING // MONITORING 40

41 Implementation rules Regulation (EC) Nr. 142/2011 published OJ L54 26 Feb 2011 Article 10 - Requirements regarding the transformation of animal by-products and derived products into biogas and composting Reference to Annex V Annex V Transformation of Animal By-products and Derived Products into Biogas, Composting Equipment, location, hygienisation units, exeptions thereof General hygiene requirements Transformation parameters Standard, validation, standard exemptions Final product standards ( salmonellae/e.coli/enterococcaceae) 41

42 CATERING WASTE. National rules Member States may adopt or maintain national rules for: CATERING WASTE Food waste from central and household kitchens manure; digestive tract content separated from the digestive tract; milk; milk-based products; milk-derived products; colostrum; colostrum products; eggs; egg products; Processed former food stuff 42

43 Time Temperature Regime flexible well experienced and investigated[examples] Composting system C Time Further conditions > 55 C 10 days OPEN windrows 65 C 3 days CLOSED Systems 60 C 3 days At least 3 to 5 times of physical agitation (turning) > 40 to 55% moisture Min 6 8 weeks composting ANAEROBIC Digestion thermophile > 55 C 14 days [Followed by composting ANAEROBIC Digestion mesophile < days Followed by composting or pasteurised before fermentation! 43

44 Time Temperature Regime Other Cat. 3 Material 70 C 1 hr particle size: 12 mm OR Prozess Validation Used in practice only by 3 Member States far too complicated and expensive Common and broadly recognised methodologies still do not exist 44

45 Use of COMPOST& DIGESTATE = org. fertiliser and soil improver ABPR Article 11(1)(c): 21 days waiting period after application before grazing or harvesting of herbage. Implementation rules Article 22: Placing on the market and use of organic fertilisers and soil improvers national guides for good agricultural practice Annex VIII Identification organic fertilisers or soil improvers/ no grazing of farmed animals or use of crops as herbage during at least 21 days following application' Annex XI Organic Fertilisers and Soil Improvers.not applicable for COMPOST and DIGESTATE 45

46 Key role of Bio-waste Waste Environment BIOWASTE Energy Soil Resources Water 46

47 Thank you for your attention! Info: Personal contact Florian Amlinger: 47