California Water Service Urban Water Management Plan. Visalia District June Quality. Service. Value

Transcription

1 2015 Urban Water Management Plan June 2016 Quality. Service. Value

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3 Table of Contents List of Tables... 5 List of Figures... 7 List of Acronyms... 8 Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview Background and Purpose Urban Water Management Planning and the California Water Code Relation to Other Planning Efforts Plan Organization Chapter 2 Plan Preparation Basis for Preparing a Plan Regional Planning Individual or Regional Planning and Compliance Fiscal or Calendar Year and Units of Measure Coordination and Outreach Wholesale and Retail Coordination Coordination with Other Agencies and the Community Chapter 3 System Description Service Area General Description Service Area Maps Service Area Climate Climate Change Service Area Population and Demographics Chapter 4 System Water Use Recycled versus Potable and Raw Water Demand Water Uses by Sector Historical Potable and Raw Water Uses Projected Potable and Raw Water Uses Total Water Demand Including Recycled Water Distribution System Water Losses Printed 6/27/2016 Page 1

4 4.4 Estimating Future Water Savings Water Use for Lower Income Households Climate Change Chapter 5 Baselines and Targets Wholesale Agencies Updating Calculations from 2010 UWMP Baseline Periods Determination of the Year Baseline Period Determination of the 5-Year Baseline Service Area Population Gross Water Use Baseline Daily Per Capita Water Use and 2020 Targets Compliance Daily per Capita Water Use Regional Alliance Chapter 6 System Supplies Purchased Water Groundwater Basin Description Groundwater Management Overdraft Conditions Historical Pumping Surface Water Stormwater Wastewater and Recycled Water Recycled Water Coordination Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal Recycled Water System Recycled Water Beneficial Uses Actions to Encourage and Optimize Future Recycled Water Use Desalinated Water Opportunities Printed 6/27/2016 Page 2

5 6.7 Exchanges or Transfers Future Water Projects Summary of Existing and Planned Sources of Water Climate Change Impacts to Supply Estimating Changes in Climate Impacts of Climate Change on Water Supplies Next Steps and Key Conclusions Chapter 7 Water Supply Reliability Assessment Constraints on Water Sources Reliability by Type of Year Supply and Demand Assessment Regional Supply Reliability Chapter 8 Water Shortage Contingency Planning Stages of Action Prohibitions on End Uses Penalties, Charges, Other Enforcement of Prohibitions Consumption Reduction Methods by Agencies Determining Water Shortage Reductions Revenue and Expenditure Impacts Resolution or Ordinance Catastrophic Supply Interruption Minimum Supply Next Three Years Chapter 9 Demand Management Measures Demand Management Measures for Wholesale Agencies Demand Management Measures for Retail Agencies Water Waste Prevention Ordinances Metering Conservation pricing Public Education and Outreach Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support Printed 6/27/2016 Page 3

6 9.2.7 Other Demand Management Measures Implementation over the Past Five Years Planned Implementation to Achieve Water Use Targets Members of the California Urban Water Conservation Council Chapter 10 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Inclusion of All 2015 Data Notice of Public Hearing Notice to Cities and Counties Notice to the Public Public Hearing and Adoption Plan Submittal Public Availability Amending an Adopted UWMP Appendix A: UWMP Act Checklist... A-1 Appendix B: Resolution to Adopt UWMP... B-1 Appendix C: Correspondences... C-1 Appendix D: Public Meeting Notice... D-1 Appendix E: Service Area Map... E-1 Appendix F: Projection Analysis Worksheets (PAWS)... F-1 Appendix G: Supplemental Water Supply Information... G-1 Appendix H: DWR UWMP Tables Worksheets... H-1 Appendix I: DWR SB X7-7 Verification Forms... I-1 Appendix J: Schedule 14.1 and Local Conservation Ordinances... J-1 Appendix K: Water Efficient Landscape Guidelines... K-1 Appendix L: Conservation Master Plan... L-1 Appendix M: DWR/AWWA Water Balance Worksheet... M-1 Printed 6/27/2016 Page 4

7 List of Tables Table 2-1: Public Water Systems Table 2-2: Plan Identification Table 2-3: Agency Identification Table 2-4: Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange Table 3-1: Population - Current and Projected Table 4-1: Retail: Demands for Potable and Raw Water - Actual Table 4-2: Retail: Demands for Potable and Raw Water - Projected Table 4-3: Retail: Total Water Demands Table 4-4: Retail: Water Loss Summary Most Recent 12 Month Period Available Table 4-5: Retail Only: Inclusion in Water Use Projections Table 4-6: Retail Only: Future Passive Savings Table 4-7. Residential Demand of Lower Income Households Table 4-8. Climate Change Effect on Demand SB X7-7 Table 1: Baseline Period Ranges SB X7-7 Table 2: Method for Population Estimates SB X7-7 Table 3: Service Area Population SB X7-7 Table 4: Annual Gross Water Use SB X7-7 Table 5: Gallons Per Capita Per Day (GPCD) Table 5-1: Baselines and Targets Summary Table 5-2: 2015 SB X7-7 Compliance SB X7-7 RA Table 1: Compliance Verification Table 6-A: Preliminary Sustainable Pumping Estimates Table 6-1 Retail: Groundwater Volume Pumped (AF) Table 6-2 Retail: Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in Table 6-3 Retail: Wastewater Treatment and Discharge Within Service Area in Printed 6/27/2016 Page 5

8 Table 6-4 Retail: Current and Projected Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area Table 6-5 Retail: 2010 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2015 Actual Table 6-6 Retail: Methods to Expand Future Recycled Water Use Table 6-7 Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs Table 6-8 Retail: Water Supplies Actual (AF) Table 6-9 Retail: Water Supplies Projected (AF) Table Projected Changes in Average Available Supply due to Climate Change Table 7-1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (AF) Table 7-3 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (AF) Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison (AF) Table 8-1 Retail: Stages of WSCP Table 8-2 Retail: Restrictions and Prohibitions on End Uses Table 8-3 Retail: Stages of WSCP - Consumption Reduction Methods Table 8-4 Retail: Minimum Supply Next Three Years (AF) Table 9-1: Volumetric Water Rates by Class of Service ($/CCF) Table 9-2: Planned Conservation Program Staffing Table 9-3: Cal Water DMMs Available to Customers Table 9-4: Implementation of Customer DMMs: Table 9-5: Annual DMM Expenditure: Table 9-6: Planned Implementation of Customer and Water Loss Management DMMs: Table 10-1 Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties Printed 6/27/2016 Page 6

9 List of Figures Figure 3-1. General Location of Service Areas Figure 3-2. Service Area Boundaries Figure 3-3. Average Monthly Temperature, Rainfall, and ETo Figure 3-4. Annual Rainfall Deviation from Average Figure 3-5. Climate Regions of California Figure 3-6. Temperature Departure, San Joaquin Valley Region Figure 3-7. Population Projection Comparison Figure 4-1. Distribution of Services in Figure 4-2. Historical Sales by Customer Category Figure 4-3. Historical and Projected Housing Units Figure 4-4. Historical and Projected Average Use per Service in Gallons per Day Figure 6-1: Average Water Level of All District Wells Figure 7-1. Deviation of Annual Rainfall from Long-Term Average Printed 6/27/2016 Page 7

10 List of Acronyms AB Assembly Bill AF Acre-Foot AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure AMR Automatic Meter Reading BCR Benefit-Cost Ratio BMP Best Management Practice CEHTP California Environmental Health Tracking Program CASGEM California Statewide Groundwater Elevation Monitoring Program CII Commercial, Industrial, Institutional, water use sectors CIMIS California Irrigation Management Information System CPUC California Public Utilities Commission CUWCC California Urban Water Conservation Council CVP Central Valley Project CWC California Water Code DMMs Demand Management Measures DOF Department of Finance DWR Department of Water Resources eardwp Electronic Annual Reports to the Drinking Water Program (SWRCB) ETo Reference Evapotranspiration GIS Geographic Information System GPCD Gallons per Capita per Day IOU Investor-Owned Utility IRWM Integrated Regional Water Management LAFCO Local Agency Formation Commission MGD Million Gallons Per Day MOU Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System PWS Public Water System RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board SB Senate Bill SB X7-7 Senate Bill Seven of the Senate s Seventh Extraordinary Session of 2009 SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act SWP State Water Project SWRCB State Water Resources Control Board RUWMP Regional Urban Water Management Plan USBR United States Bureau of Reclamation UWMP Urban Water Management Plan WARN Water/Wastewater Agency Response Network WDR Waste Discharge Requirement WRR Water Recycling Requirement WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan Printed 6/27/2016 Page 8

11 Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview This chapter discusses the importance and uses of this Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP), the relationship of this plan to the California Water Code (CWC), the relationship of this plan to other local and regional planning efforts, and how this plan is organized. This chapter contains the following sections: 1.1 Background and Purpose 1.2 Urban Water Management Planning and the California Water Code 1.3 Relation to Other Planning Efforts 1.4 Plan Organization 1.1 Background and Purpose California Water Service Company (Cal Water) is an investor-owned public utility supplying water service to 1.7 million Californians through 435,000 connections. Its 24 separate water systems serve 63 communities from Chico in the North to the Palos Verdes Peninsula in Southern California. California Water Service Group, Cal Water s parent company, is also serving water to communities in Washington, New Mexico and Hawaii. Rates and operations for districts located in California are regulated by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). Rates are set separately for each of the systems. Cal Water incorporated in 1926 and has provided water service to communities served by the since 1926 with the purchase of the Visalia Water Company. The District serves the communities of Visalia, Mullen, and Tulco. The UWMP is a foundational document and source of information about s historical and projected water demands, water supplies, supply reliability and vulnerabilities, water shortage contingency planning, and demand management programs. Among other things, it is used as: A long-range planning document by Cal Water for water supply and system planning Source data on population, housing, water demands, water supplies, and capital improvement projects used in o Regional water resource management plans prepared by wholesale water suppliers and other regional planning authorities, o General Plans prepared by cities and counties, Printed 6/27/2016 Page 9

12 o Statewide and broad regional water resource plans prepared by the California Department of Water Resources (DWR), State Water Resources Control Board (State Board or Board), or other state agencies. UWMPs are updated every five years. The last update was completed in This document is an update to the 2010 UWMP and carries forward information from that plan that remains current and is relevant to this plan. Although this plan is an update to the 2010 UWMP, it was developed to be a self-contained, stand-alone document and does not require readers to reference information contained in previous updates. 1.2 Urban Water Management Planning and the California Water Code The UWMP Act requires urban water suppliers to prepare an UWMP every five years and to file this plan with the DWR, the California State Library, and any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies. All urban water suppliers, either publicly or privately owned, providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet annually are required to prepare an UWMP (CWC 10617). The UWMP Act was enacted in Over the years it has been amended in response to water resource challenges and planning imperatives confronting California. A significant amendment was made in 2009 as a result of the governor s call for a statewide 20 percent reduction in urban water use by Colloquially known as 20x2020, the Water Conservation Act of 2009 (also referred to as SB X7-7) required urban retail water suppliers to establish water use targets for 2015 and 2020 that would result in statewide water savings of 20 percent by Beginning in 2016, urban retail water suppliers are required to comply with the water conservation requirements in SB X7-7 in order to be eligible for state water grants or loans. Chapter 5 of this plan contains the data and calculations used to determine compliance with these requirements. The UWMP Act contains numerous other requirements that an UWMP must satisfy. Appendix A to this plan lists each of these requirements and where in the plan they are addressed. 1.3 Relation to Other Planning Efforts This plan provides information specific to water management and planning by the Visalia District. However, water management does not happen in isolation; there are other planning processes that integrate with the UWMP to accomplish urban planning. Some of these plans include city and county General Plans, Water Master Plans, Recycled Water Master Plans, Integrated Regional Water Management Plans, Groundwater Management Plans and others. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 10

13 This plan is informed by and helps to inform these other planning efforts. In particular, this plan utilizes information contained in city and county General Plans and local and regional water resource plans to the extent data from these plans is applicable and available. 1.4 Plan Organization The organization of this Plan follows the same sequence as outlined in 2015 UWMP Guidebook. Chapter 1 - Introduction and Overview Chapter 2- Plan Preparation Chapter 3 - System Description Chapter 4 - System Water Use Chapter 5- Baselines and Targets Chapter 6 - System Supplies Chapter 7 Water Supply Reliability Chapter 8 Water Shortage Contingency Planning Chapter 9 Demand Management Measures Chapter 10 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation In addition to these ten chapters, this plan includes a number of appendices providing supporting documentation and supplemental information. Pursuant to CWC 10644(a)(2), this plan utilizes the standardized forms, tables, and displays developed by DWR for the reporting of water use and supply information required by the UWMP Act. This plan also includes other tables, figures, and maps, to augment the set developed by DWR. The plan notes if a table, figure, or map is part of DWR s standardized set or supplemental to it. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 11

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15 Chapter 2 Plan Preparation This chapter discusses the type of UWMP is preparing and includes information that will apply throughout the plan. Coordination and outreach during the development of the plan is also discussed. This chapter includes the following sections: 2.1 Basis for Preparing a Plan 2.2 Regional Planning and Reporting 2.3 Units of Measure 2.4 Coordination and Outreach 2.1 Basis for Preparing a Plan Per CWC 10617, is an urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually. It is therefore obligated under CWC 10621(d) to update and submit its 2015 UWMP to DWR by July 1, is an urban retail water supplier, as defined by CWC Visalia District does not provide water at wholesale. operates the Public Water Systems (PWS) listed in Table 2-1. Public Water Systems are the systems that provide drinking water for human consumption and these systems are regulated by the State Water Resources Control Board (Board), Division of Drinking Water. The Board requires that water agencies report water usage and other information via the electronic Annual Reports to the Drinking Water Program (eardwp). The information provided in this UWMP is consistent with the data reported in the eardwp. PWS data reported to the Board is used by the state to determine whether or not a retail supplier has reached the threshold (3,000 or more connections or 3,000 acrefeet of water supplied) for submitting an UWMP. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 13

16 Public Water System Number Table 2-1: Public Water Systems Public Water System Name Number of Municipal Connections 2015 Volume of Water Supplied 2015 (AF) Visalia 41,899 24, Fairway Consolidated with Visalia Mullen Water System Oak Ranch Consolidated with Visalia Tulco Water System Total 42,120 24, Regional Planning Regional planning can deliver mutually beneficial solutions to all agencies involved by reducing costs for the individual agency, assessing water resources at the appropriate geographic scale, and allowing for solutions that cross jurisdictional boundaries. Cal Water participates in regional water resources planning initiatives throughout California in the regions in which its 25 water districts are located. In the region in which the Visalia District is located, Cal Water participates with the Kaweah Delta Water Conservation District (KDWCD), the City of Visalia and others in the Groundwater Management Plan (GMP) established under the provisions of Assembly Bill KDWCD is the lead agency in this effort. KDWCD has historically focused on the conservation of flows of the Kaweah River for groundwater recharge. Cal Water is also a stakeholder group participant to Kaweah River Basin Integrated Regional Water Management Plan adopted December Individual or Regional Planning and Compliance Urban water suppliers may elect to prepare individual or regional UWMPs (CWC 10620(d)(1)). is preparing an individual UWMP. Urban retail water suppliers may report on the requirements of SB X7-7 (2009 California Conservation Act) individually or as a member of a Regional Alliance. As described in Chapter 5, is a member of a Regional Alliance and this UWMP provides information on the District s progress towards meeting its SB X7-7 water conservation targets both as an individual urban retail water supplier and as a member of a Regional Alliance. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 14

17 Table 2-2: Plan Identification Individual UWMP Regional UWMP Notes: is a member of a Regional Alliance. Chapter 5 provides information on the District s progress towards meeting its water conservation targets under SB X7-7 both as an individual urban retail water supplier and as a member of its Regional Alliance. 2.4 Fiscal or Calendar Year and Units of Measure Annual volumes of water reported in this UWMP are measured in acre-feet (AF) and are reported on a calendar year basis. Water use and planning data reported in this UWMP for calendar year 2015 cover the full twelve months of the year, as required by the UWMP Guidelines. Table 2-3 summarizes the units of measure used throughout this UWMP. Name of Agency Select one or both Fiscal or Calendar Year Units of Measure Table 2-3: Agency Identification California Water Service: Agency is a wholesaler Agency is a retailer UWMP Tables Are in Calendar Years UWMP Tables Are in Fiscal Years Acre Feet (AF) Million Gallons (MG) Hundred Cubic Feet (CCF) 2.5 Coordination and Outreach Coordination with other water suppliers, cities, counties, and other community organizations in the region is an important part of preparing an UWMP (CWC 10620; CWC 10642). This section identifies the agencies and organizations sought to coordinate with during preparation of this plan Wholesale and Retail Coordination Urban retail water suppliers relying on one or more wholesalers for water supply are required to provide these wholesalers with information regarding projected water supply Printed 6/27/2016 Page 15

18 and demand. provided information regarding projected water supply and demand to the wholesale water suppliers listed in Table 2-4. Table 2-4: Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange has informed the following wholesale supplier(s) of projected water use in accordance with CWC Wholesale Water Supplier Name The does not receive water from wholesale water suppliers Coordination with Other Agencies and the Community coordinated with cities, counties, and other community organizations during preparation of this UWMP. Cal Water provided notice to these entities and the communities it serves 60 days prior to the public hearing it held on May 11, 2016, to present the draft of the UWMP, address questions, and receive comments. Cities and counties receiving the public hearing notification from as required per CWC (b) are listed in Table 10-1 in Chapter 10 of this plan. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 16

19 Chapter 3 System Description This chapter provides a description of s water system and the service area, including climate, population, and demographics, to help in understanding various elements of water supply and demand. This chapter includes the following sections: 3.1 Service Area General Description 3.2 Service Area Map(s) 3.3 Service Area Climate 3.4 Service Area Population and Demographics 3.1 Service Area General Description The is located in Tulare County, serving the City of Visalia and segments of unincorporated Tulare County including the communities of Goshen, Mullen, and Tulco. It is situated in the Tulare Lake hydrologic region, within the King-Kaweah-Tule Rivers subarea. The service area is built upon the alluvium of the Kaweah River. The District lies approximately 42 miles southeast of the City of Fresno and 75 miles north of the City of Bakersfield. Major transportation links in the District include the Golden State Highway (State Route 99), State Route 63 and State Route 198. The Southern Pacific and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroads provide rail service to the region. Figure 3-1 shows a general location map of the District. The Kaweah River provides drainage for the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains. This river splits east of Visalia forming the St. Johns River that flows just north of Visalia while the Kaweah River continues south. Lake Kaweah is located on the Kaweah River about twenty miles upstream from the city. This 183,000 AF reservoir is operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and provides both flood control and irrigation water storage. The was formed in 1926 with the purchase of the Visalia Water Company. The District delivers local groundwater and operates 73 wells across the four service areas. Over the last five years, the District delivered an average of 27 million gallons of water per day to 42,120 service connections. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 17

20 Figure 3-1. General Location of Service Areas Goshen and West Goshen Visalia Tulco Mullen 3.2 Service Area Maps A detailed service area map is provided in Appendix E. Figure 3-2 shows the District s Visalia and Goshen service areas boundaries. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 18

21 Figure 3-2. Service Area Boundaries 3.3 Service Area Climate The climate for the is moderate with hot dry summers and cool winters. The majority of precipitation falls during late autumn, winter, and spring. Figure 3-3 displays monthly averages for rainfall, reference evapotranspiration (ETo), and daily air temperature. Additional climate data is provided in Appendix F, worksheet 13. Rainfall and temperature data are obtained from the PRISM Climate Group. 1 ETo values are from the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS). 2 On average, the District receives about 10 inches of rainfall, annually. ETo averages 53 inches, annually. Annual rainfall is 19 percent of ETo, on average. This indicates that the is located in a water-deficient environment. The desert landscape with poorly developed soils and scrubby vegetation are evidence of this low amount of naturally available water. Nearly all irrigation requirements are met with District water sources due to the lack of rainfall in the region. Annual rainfall in is highly variable, as shown in Figure 3-4, and has been below average in eight of the last ten years CIMIS Zones Map, Zone 12. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 19

22 Calendar year 2013 was the driest year on record, receiving just 32 percent of average rainfall. Figure 3-3. Average Monthly Temperature, Rainfall, and ETo Printed 6/27/2016 Page 20

23 Figure 3-4. Annual Rainfall Deviation from Average Climate Change Potential impacts of climate change on District water demands and supplies are discussed in Chapters 4 (System Water Use), 6 (System Supplies), and 7 (Water Supply Reliability Assessment). Here it is noted that climate change is expected to bring higher average temperatures and greater variability in weather, with the potential for more frequent and deeper droughts. The National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) has established 11 climate regions within California. Each region is defined by unique characteristics, and is shown in Figure 3-5. The is located in the San Joaquin Valley Region (region G on the map). The San Joaquin Valley Region has experienced a general warming trend in the last several decades, as shown in Figure 3-6. Since 1895, maximum and minimum temperatures have increased at a rate of 0.59 F and 2.62 F per 100 years, respectively. More recently, since 1975, maximum and minimum temperatures have increased at a rate of 4.16 F and 5.86 F per 100 years, respectively. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 21

24 Figure 3-5. Climate Regions of California A. North Coast Region B. North Central Region C. Northeast Region D. Sierra Region E. Sacramento-Delta Region F. Central Coast Region G. San Joaquin Valley Region H. South Coast Region I. South Interior Region J. Mojave Desert Region K. Sonoran Desert Region Figure 3-6. Temperature Departure, San Joaquin Valley Region Printed 6/27/2016 Page 22

25 3.4 Service Area Population and Demographics In addition to the City of Visalia, the District serves several unincorporated portions of Tulare County, most notably the community of Goshen. Cal Water estimates the service area population was 138,404 in Service area population has been growing at an annual rate of 2.3 percent for the past 15 years. Between the 2000 and 2010 Censuses, it grew at an average annual rate of 2.75 percent. Between 2010 and 2015, population growth slowed to an average annual rate of 1.43 percent per year. The slowdown in population growth is partly attributed to the housing market collapse and subsequent recession. The is a rapidly growing district that is increasing service connections through redevelopment of existing service areas and by delivering new service to undeveloped portions of Visalia and adjacent unincorporated areas of Tulare County, most notably the community of Goshen. The Visalia system is surrounded by and includes large parcels of land used for agricultural functions. As the City has grown the land use within the Urban Development Boundary (UDB) has shifted from agricultural to urban uses, drawing more people to the City. The City of Visalia makes up the vast majority of the population served by the District. For this reason projected population shown in Table 3-1 ties directly to the City of Visalia s General Plan growth assumptions. The General Plan forecasts average population growth of 2.65 percent per year between 2010 and The population projection in Table 3-1 adopts this growth rate forecast for 2015 to 2030, resulting in a projected population of 204,896 in This is about 5,000 below the General Plan forecast for The difference is due to the slow down in growth between 2010 and 2015, as discussed above. The forecast assumes growth slows after For the period 2030 to 2035 the projection is based on an average growth rate of 2.5 percent. This is assumed to decrease further to 2.25 percent for the period 2035 to Cal Water s population projection for is compared in Figure 3-7 to the projections made in its 2009 Water Supply and Facilities Master Plan (WSFMP) and 2010 UWMP, as well as Visalia s General Plan. 3 The General Plan estimates a 2010 population of 124,440 and projects a 2030 population of 210,000. This corresponds to an annual average growth rate of 2.65% between 2010 and Visalia General Plan Update, Adopted October 14, Printed 6/27/2016 Page 23

26 Population Served Table 3-1: Population - Current and Projected , , , , , ,102 Figure 3-7. Population Projection Comparison Printed 6/27/2016 Page 24

27 Chapter 4 System Water Use This chapter provides a description and quantifies the s current water use and the projected uses through the year For purposes of the UWMP, the terms water use and water demand are used interchangeably. This chapter is divided into the following subsections: 4.1 Recycled vs Potable and Raw Water Demand 4.2 Water Uses by Sector 4.3 Distribution System Water Losses 4.4 Estimating Future Water Savings 4.5 Water Use for Lower Income Households 4.6 Climate Change 4.1 Recycled versus Potable and Raw Water Demand This plan maintains a clear distinction between recycled, potable, and raw water uses and supplies. Recycled water is addressed comprehensively in Chapter 6, but a summary of recycled water demand is included in Table 4-3 of this chapter. The primary focus of this chapter is historical and projected potable and raw water uses in the district. 4.2 Water Uses by Sector Historical Potable and Raw Water Uses Actual water use in 2015 by customer category is shown in Table 4-1. Total system demand in 2015 was 24,853 AF. District water use in 2015 was strongly affected by the Drought Emergency Regulation adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board in May of 2015 (SWRCB Resolution No ). Among other things, the Drought Emergency Regulation mandated urban retail water suppliers reduce potable water use between June of 2015 and February of 2016 by percentage amounts specified by the State Water Resources Control Board. The was ordered to reduce potable water use by 32 percent over this period relative to use over the same period in Between June and December 2015, water use in Visalia was 26.1 percent less than water use over the same period in Printed 6/27/2016 Page 25

28 Use Type Table 4-1: Retail: Demands for Potable and Raw Water - Actual Level of Treatment When Delivered 2015 Actual Volume (AF) Single Family Drinking Water 15,338 Multi-Family Drinking Water 1,479 Commercial Drinking Water 4,526 Industrial Drinking Water 366 Institutional/Governmental Drinking Water 2,001 Other Drinking Water 96 Losses Drinking Water 1,048 Total 24,853 Residential customers account for approximately 89 percent of services and 68 percent of water use in the District, most of which is associated with single-family water use. Figure 4-1 shows the distribution of services in Figure 4-2 shows historical water sales by customer category. Figure 4-1. Distribution of Services in 2015 Printed 6/27/2016 Page 26

29 Figure 4-2. Historical Sales by Customer Category Projected Potable and Raw Water Uses Projected water demands by customer category through 2040 are shown in Tables 4-2. Future demands are estimated as the product of future services and expected water use per service. Future services are based on historical and projected growth rates in the District and City of Visalia planning documents. Single- and multi-family residential services are projected forward using the population growth rate and persons per household assumptions contained in the City of Visalia s General Plan. Commercial, industrial and institutional services are projected forward using the historical growth rate for the past 15 years. The projected average annual growth rate in services across all customer categories is approximately 2.65 percent. 4 Historical and projected housing units are shown in Figure 4-3. Also shown in the figure is the housing projection from Cal Water s Water Supply and Facility Master Plan and 2010 UWMP. 4 This corresponds to the 2014 City of Visalia General Plan s average annual rate of growth in population between 2010 and Printed 6/27/2016 Page 27

30 Figure 4-3. Historical and Projected Housing Units Expected water use per service, shown in Figure 4-4, is based on weather-normalized historical usage patterns, adjusted for future expected water savings from plumbing codes and District conservation programs. Weather normalization of historical use was done econometrically using the California Urban Water Conservation Council GPCD Weather Normalization Methodology. Expected water savings from plumbing codes are presented in Section 4.4. Expected water savings from District conservation programs and projected compliance with the District s SB X per capita water use target are discussed in Chapter 9. The projected trend in average use per service shown in Figure 4-4 does not account for possible effects of climate change on future demand. The potential effects of climate change on demand are discussed in Section 4.6. Projected water uses in Table 4-2 and Figure 4-4 are predicated on water use under normal weather conditions without rationing. 5 Demands are assumed to partially rebound by 2020 from 2015 levels on the assumption that the State Water Resources Control Board s mandatory water use reductions end by October 2016, as currently scheduled. The difference between actual and projected demands in 2020 will critically depend on the accuracy of this assumption. If the Emergency Drought Regulations are 5 The City of Visalia s water conservation ordinance which prohibits wasteful water uses is assumed to be in effect. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 28

31 continued beyond October 2016, then the likelihood of actual demands being less than projected demands in 2020 would be significantly increased. Figure 4-4. Historical and Projected Average Use per Service in Gallons per Day Use Type Table 4-2: Retail: Demands for Potable and Raw Water - Projected Projected Water Use (AF) Single Family 23,644 27,290 31,255 34,991 38,802 Multi-Family 2,230 2,510 2,843 3,159 3,488 Commercial 5,043 5,464 5,894 6,230 6,602 Industrial Institutional/Governmental 2,781 3,103 3,421 3,704 4,020 Other Losses ,143 1,311 1, Total Water Demand Including Recycled Water Total 34,937 39,818 45,092 49,959 54,987 Total water demands, including recycled water uses, are shown in Table 4-3. Current and projected recycled water use is discussed in Chapter 6, Section 6.5. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 29

32 Table 4-3: Retail: Total Water Demands Potable and Raw Water From Tables 4-1 and 4-2 Recycled Water Demand From Table ,853 34,937 39,818 45,092 49,959 54, Total Water Demand 24,853 34,937 39,818 45,092 49,959 54, Distribution System Water Losses For the 2015 UWMP, urban retail water suppliers are required to quantify distribution system water losses for the most recent 12-month period available. For the Visalia District, this period is January 1 to December System water loss was calculated using the DWR Water Audit Method, as described in Appendix L of the UWMP Guidelines. Distribution system water loss is reported in Table 4-4. The DWR Water Audit Method calculates two types of water losses: (1) apparent losses and (2) real losses. Apparent losses include unauthorized consumption, metering errors, and data errors. Apparent losses represent unauthorized or unrecorded water delivered to customers. Real losses include distribution system discharges, spills, and leaks of water. Real losses represent a physical loss of water to the system. Table 4-4 reports combined apparent and real distribution system water loss. A copy of the completed water balance worksheet for the is provided in Appendix F. Actions the is taking to reduce real and apparent distribution system water losses are discussed in Chapter 9. Table 4-4: Retail: Water Loss Summary Most Recent 12 Month Period Available Reporting Period Start Date Volume of Water Loss* 01/ *Taken from the field "Water Losses" (a combination of apparent losses and real losses) from the AWWA worksheet. 4.4 Estimating Future Water Savings The projections of future water use in Table 4-2 incorporate expected water savings from plumbing codes and appliance standards for residential and commercial toilets, urinals, clothes washers, dishwashers, and showerheads. These savings are commonly referred to as passive water savings to differentiate them from water savings resulting from water supplier conservation programs, which are termed active water savings. Active water Printed 6/27/2016 Page 30

33 savings resulting from the s implementation of demand management measures are discussed in Chapter 9 of this plan. The estimates of passive water savings presented in this chapter were developed with the Alliance for Water Efficiency s Water Conservation Tracking Tool using data on the vintage, number, and water using characteristics of residences and businesses within s service area. Confirmation that the water use projections contained in this plan incorporate projected future water savings from plumbing codes and appliance standards is provided in Table 4-5. The estimated volume of future water savings from plumbing codes and standards is summarized in Table 4-6. Table 4-5: Retail Only: Inclusion in Water Use Projections Future Water Savings Included Y/N If "Yes" to above, state the section or page number where citations of the codes, ordinances, etc utilized in demand projections are found. Lower Income Residential Demands Included Yes Location in UWMP: Section 4.4 of Chapter 4 Yes Passive Savings (AF) Table 4-6: Retail Only: Future Passive Savings ,388 1,763 2,106 The following codes and standards form the basis for the estimated volume of future passive water savings: AB 715, enacted in 2007, requires that any toilet or urinal sold or installed in California on or after January 1, 2014 cannot have a flush rating exceeding 1.28 and 0.5 gallons per flush, respectively. AB 715 superseded the state s previous standards for toilet and urinal water use set in 1991 of 1.6 and 1.0 gallons per flush, respectively. On April 8, 2015, in response to the Governor s Emergency Drought Response Executive Order (EO B-29-15), the California Energy Commission approved new standards for urinals requiring that they not consume more than gallons per flush, 75% less than the standard set by AB 715. Water use standards for residential and commercial clothes washers and dishwashers are established by the U.S. Department of Energy through its authority under the federal Energy Policy and Conservation Act. Water use efficiency is summarized by the Printed 6/27/2016 Page 31

34 water factor for the appliance which measures the gallons of water used per cycle per cubic foot of capacity. A typical top-loading residential clothes washer manufactured in the 1990s had a water factor of around 12. In 2015, the allowable water factor for top- and front-loading residential clothes was reduced to 8.4 and 4.7, respectively. In 2018, water factor standard for top-loading residential clothes washers will be reduced to 6.5. In 2010 the allowable water factor for top- and front-loading commercial clothes washers was reduced to 8.5 and 5.5, respectively. The maximum water factor for Energy Star compliant top- and front-loading washers is 3.7 and 4.3, respectively. EPA estimates that Energy Star washers comprised at least 60 percent of the residential market and 30 percent of the commercial market in An Energy Star compliant washer uses about two-thirds less water per cycle than washers manufactured in the 1990s. Federal dishwasher water use efficiency standards were last updated in The maximum water use for standard and compact sized dishwashers is 5.0 and 3.5 gallons per cycle, respectively. New construction and renovations in California are now subject to CalGreen Code requirements. CalGreen includes prescriptive indoor provisions for maximum water consumption of plumbing fixtures and fittings in new and renovated properties. CalGreen also allows for an optional performance path to compliance, which requires an overall aggregate 20% reduction in indoor water use from a calculated baseline using a set of worksheets provided with the CalGreen guidelines. SB 407, enacted in 2009, mandates that all buildings in California come up to current State plumbing fixture standards within this decade. This law establishes requirements that residential and commercial property built and available for use on or before January 1, 1994 replace plumbing fixtures that are not water conserving, defined as noncompliant plumbing fixtures as follows: o any toilet manufactured to use more than 1.6 gallons of water per flush; o any urinal manufactured to use more than one gallon of water per flush; o any showerhead manufactured to have a flow capacity of more than 2.5 gallons of water per minute; and o any interior faucet that emits more than 2.2 gallons of water per minute. For single-family residential property, the compliance date is January 1, For multi-family and commercial property, it is January 1, In advance of these dates, the law requires effective January 1, 2014 for building alterations and improvements to all residential and commercial property that water-conserving plumbing fixtures replace all noncompliant plumbing fixtures as a condition for issuance of a certificate 6 EPA Energy Star Unit Shipment and Market Penetration Report Calendar Year 2011 Summary. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 32

35 of final completion and occupancy or final permit approval by the local building department. SB 407 also requires effective January 1, 2017 that a seller or transferor of singlefamily residential property disclose to the purchaser or transferee, in writing, the specified requirements for replacing plumbing fixtures and whether the real property includes noncompliant plumbing. Similar disclosure requirements go into effect for multi-family and commercial transactions January 1, SB 837, passed in 2011, reinforces the disclosure requirement by amending the statutorily required transfer disclosure statement to include disclosure about whether the property is in compliance with SB 407 requirements. If enforced, these two laws will require retrofit of non-compliant plumbing fixtures upon resale or major remodeling for single-family residential properties effective January 1, 2017 and for multi-family and commercial properties effective January 1, California has also adopted regulations governing the future use of landscape water use. The California Water Commission approved the State s updated Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) on July 15, The updated MWELO supersedes the State s MWELO developed pursuant to AB Local agencies have until December 1, 2015 to adopt the MWELO or to adopt a Local Ordinance which must be at least as effective in conserving water as MWELO. Local agencies working together to develop a Regional Ordinance have until February 1, 2016 to adopt. The size of landscapes subject to MWELO has been lowered from 2500 sq. ft. to 500 sq. ft. The size threshold applies to residential, commercial, industrial and institutional projects that require a permit, plan check or design review. Additionally, the maximum applied water allowance (MAWA) has been lowered from 70% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to 55% for residential landscape projects, and to 45% of ETo for non-residential projects. This water allowance reduces the landscape area that can be planted with high water use plants such as cool season turf. For typical residential projects, the reduction in the MAWA reduces the percentage of landscape area that can be planted to high water use plants from 33% to 25%. In typical non-residential landscapes, the reduction in MAWA limits the planting of high water use plants to special landscape areas. The revised MWELO allows the irrigation efficiency to be entered for each area of the landscape. The site-wide irrigation efficiency of the previous ordinance (2010) was 0.71; for the purposes of estimating total water use, the revised MWELO defines the irrigation efficiency (IE) of drip irrigation as 0.81 and overhead irrigation and other technologies must meet a minimum IE of CalGreen requires that automatic irrigation system controllers for new landscaping provided by a builder and installed at the time of final inspection must be weather- or Printed 6/27/2016 Page 33

36 soil moisture-based controllers that automatically adjust irrigation in response to changes in plant water needs as weather or soil conditions change. The estimates of future water savings in Table 4-6 do not include potential landscape water savings from implementation of MWELO or CalGreen because estimating these savings required data that was not available to the District at the time this plan was prepared, including data on existing and future landscape areas, plant materials, irrigation equipment, and probable enforcement of and compliance with the landscape design and irrigation equipment requirements. 4.5 Water Use for Lower Income Households California Senate Bill No (SB 1087), Chapter 727, was passed in 2005 and amended Government Code Section and Water Code Section SB 1087 requires local governments to provide a copy of their adopted housing element to water and sewer providers. In addition, it requires water providers to grant priority for service allocations to proposed developments that include housing units for lower income families and workers. Subsequent revisions to the UWMP Act require water providers to develop water demand projections for lower income single and multi-family households. Cal Water does not maintain records of the income level of its customers and does not discriminate in terms of supplying water to any development. Cal Water is required to serve any development that occurs within its service area, regardless of the income level of the future residents. It is ultimately the City s or County s responsibility to approve or not approve developments within the service area. As a benefit to its customers, Cal Water offers a Low Income Rate Assistance Program (LIRA) in all of its service districts. Under the LIRA Program lower income customers that qualify are able to receive a discount on their monthly bills. For the purposes of estimating projected demand of lower income households, Cal Water used the City of Visalia s General Plan Housing Element to estimate the percentage of households in the service area that qualify as lower income. 7 Based on these data, 26 percent of total households are classified as lower income. Lower income households are defined as households with income that is less than or equal to 80 percent of the median income for the area. Projected residential water demand for lower income households is shown in Table 4-7. These demands are incorporated into the service area demand projection given in Table City of Visalia Housing Element: Background Report and Policy Document, Table 19. Accessed from Printed 6/27/2016 Page 34

37 Demand (AF) Table 4-7. Residential Demand of Lower Income Households 2015 (actual) ,312 6,635 7,641 8,743 9,782 10, Climate Change A hotter and dryer climate is expected to increase demand for outdoor water use. Cal Water has econometrically estimated the sensitivity of class-level water demand to deviations in precipitation and temperature from their long-term averages using historical data on monthly water sales and weather for the District. 8 The weather effect is measured as predicted sales conditional on observed weather versus predicted sales conditional on long-term average weather. The predicted weather effect is then summed on an annual basis and expressed as a percentage of annual weather-normalized sales. An estimate of the variance in annual water sales caused by departures in precipitation and temperature from their long term averages was developed for each customer class. The variance estimates of class-level water sales were weighted and summed across classes for an aggregate district-level estimate of the standard deviation of water demand induced by variation in precipitation and temperature. The standard deviation in District demand due to weather variability is 2 percent. The maximum deviation, based on historical weather data, is 3.2 percent. A selection of climate change scenarios for 2040 for the Southwest United States contained in the Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment, Part 5, is shown in Table 4-8, along with the expected effect on District water demand. 9 Based on the scenarios in the table, temperature increases by 2040 associated with climate change imply a 2 to 3 percent increase in demand relative to weathernormalized demand. This expected effect is solely due to predicted changes in temperature. While the climate change scenarios also include predicted changes in the pattern and amount of precipitation, this has not been included in Cal Water s demand modeling at this time due to the large uncertainty associated with these estimates. 10 The predicted effect of climate change on demand is based on current patterns of outdoor water use. It does not account for changes households and businesses may make in the 8 A&N Technical Services, Inc., Cal Water Long Term Water Demand Forecast Model, December Kunkel, K.E, L.E. Stevens, S.E. Stevens, L. Sun, E. Janssen, D. Wuebbles, K.T. Redmond, and J.G. Dobson, 2013: Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment. Part 5. Climate of the Southwest U.S., NOAA Technical Report NESDIS Ibid. A discussion and depiction of the uncertainty around the precipitation forecasts is found on pages 55-56, Table 7, and Figure 27 of the cited report. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 35

38 way they use water in the future given a warming climate. For example, social norms and economic incentives regarding the type and extent of residential and non-residential landscaping may change over time which could lead to outdoor water use having a lower share of total demand compared to what is currently observed. In this case, the predicted effect of climate change would be offset to some extent by changes in the way households and businesses use water. Climate Scenario Table 4-8. Climate Change Effect on Demand Year 2040 degree C Year 2040 degree F % Change from mean Temperature Effect on Demand B % 2.0% A1B % 2.3% A % 2.1% 80%ile % 2.8% Printed 6/27/2016 Page 36

39 Chapter 5 Baselines and Targets With the adoption of the Water Conservation Act of 2009, also known as SB X7-7, the state is required to reduce urban water use by 20 percent by the year Each urban retail water supplier must determine baseline per capita water use during their baseline period and also target water use for the years 2015 and 2020 in order to help the state achieve the 20 percent reduction. SB X7-7 defines an urban retail water supplier as a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that directly provides potable municipal water to more than 3,000 end users or that supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of potable water annually at retail for municipal purposes. (CWC ) As shown in Chapter 2, the is above both thresholds. In this Chapter, the demonstrates compliance with its per capita water use target for the year This will also demonstrate whether or not the District is currently on track to achieve its 2020 target. Compliance will be verified by DWR s review of the SB X7-7 Verification Tables submitted with this plan. These tables are included with this plan in Appendix I. This chapter includes the following sections: 5.1 Wholesale Agencies 5.2 Updating Calculations from 2010 UWMP 5.3 Baseline Periods 5.4 Service Area Population 5.5 Gross Water Use 5.6 Baseline Daily per Capita Water Use and 2020 Targets Compliance Daily per Capita Water Use 5.9 Regional Alliance Printed 6/27/2016 Page 37

40 5.1 Wholesale Agencies Wholesale water suppliers are not required to establish and meet baseline and targets for daily per capita water use. However, they can provide important support to their retail water suppliers through adopted policies and programs to encourage demand reduction in their service area. Wholesale water suppliers can also participate in a Regional Alliance established to meet the region s daily per capita water use targets. The does not receive water from wholesale water suppliers. 5.2 Updating Calculations from 2010 UWMP The District reported base period population and water use, selected the 2020 target method, and calculated its 2020 water use target in its 2010 UWMP. SB X7-7 allows the District to update these estimates, change the target methodology, and revise its 2020 urban water use target in its 2015 UWMP (CWC ). Per the UWMP Guideline requirements, Cal Water has updated District population estimates to incorporate information from the 2010 Census that was not available at the time the 2010 UWMP was prepared. It has not changed the base period or methodology upon which the District s 2020 urban water use target is based. The updated population estimates are lower than the estimates in the 2010 plan for most years. A comparison between the two sets of population estimates is provided in Appendix I. The revised population estimates increased the District s 2020 water use target from 194 to 198 GPCD. 5.3 Baseline Periods Under SB X7-7 urban retail water suppliers must establish two baseline periods for historical water use and population in the District. The first of these is either a 10- or 15- year continuous period ending between 2004 and The second is a 5-year continuous period ending between 2007 and The year period is used to establish the 2020 water use target under Method 1 (CWC ). The 5-year period is used to confirm that the selected 2020 target meets SB X7-7 s minimum water use reduction requirements (CWC ). The baseline periods the District is using are summarized in SB X7-7 Table 1. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 38

41 SB X7-7 Table 1: Baseline Period Ranges Baseline Parameter Value Units 10- to 15-year baseline period 5-year baseline period 2008 total water deliveries 34,848 Acre Feet 2008 total volume of delivered recycled water 0 Acre Feet 2008 recycled water as a percent of total deliveries 0.00% percent Number of years in baseline period 1 10 years Year beginning baseline period range 1999 Year ending baseline period range Number of years in baseline period 5 years Year beginning baseline period range 2003 Year ending baseline period range If the 2008 recycled water percent is less than 10 percent, then the first baseline period is a continuous 10-year period. If the amount of recycled water delivered in 2008 is 10 percent or greater, the first baseline period is a continuous 10- to 15-year period. 2 The ending year must be between December 31, 2004 and December 31, The ending year must be between December 31, 2007 and December 31, Determination of the Year Baseline Period The year baseline period must be a continuous period ending between 2004 and It can be up to 15 years in length if recycled water comprised 10 percent or more of the retail urban water supplier s 2008 deliveries. Otherwise, the baseline period is set to 10 years. The did not have recycled water deliveries in Therefore it is using a 10-year baseline period commencing January 1, 1999 and running through December 31, The 10-year baseline period is unchanged from the 2010 UWMP Determination of the 5-Year Baseline The 5-year baseline period must be a continuous period ending between 2007 and The s 5-year baseline period commences January 1, 2003 and runs through December 31, The 5-year baseline period is unchanged from the 2010 UWMP. 5.4 Service Area Population As noted above, Cal Water has updated the baseline period population estimates to incorporate information from the 2010 Census that was not available at the time the 2010 UWMP was prepared. Updating resulted in a small change in the original population estimates. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 39

42 Urban retail water suppliers must estimate their service area population in a manner that is consistent with DWR requirements. For water suppliers whose boundaries correspond by 95 percent or more with a city or census designated place, population estimates prepared by the Department of Finance may be used. Where this is not the case, water suppliers may use the DWR Population Tool or estimate their population using other methods, provided these methods comply with Methodology 2 Service Area Population of DWR s Methodologies for Calculating Baseline and Compliance Urban Per Capita Water Use. Cal Water uses a population estimation methodology based on overlaying Census Block data from the 2000 and 2010 Censuses with the District s service area. LandView 5 and MARPLOT software are used with these data to estimate population per dwelling unit for 2000 and The per dwelling unit population estimates are then combined with Cal Water data on number of dwelling units served to estimate service area population for non-census years. Cal Water also estimated service area population using DWR s Population Tool. The estimates prepared using Cal Water s methodology and DWR s Population Tool were within one percent. A comparison of the estimates generated by the two approaches is provided in Appendix I. Cal Water is electing to use the population estimates produced by its methodology in order to maintain consistency with population projections it has prepared in other planning documents and reports. The population methodology and estimates used to calculate baseline and 2015 daily per capita water use are summarized in SB X7-7 Tables 2 and 3. SB X7-7 Table 2: Method for Population Estimates Method Used to Determine Population (may check more than one) 1. Department of Finance (DOF) DOF Table E-8 ( ) and ( ) and DOF Table E-5 ( ) when available 2. DWR Population Tool 3. Other DWR recommends pre-review Printed 6/27/2016 Page 40

43 SB X7-7 Table 3: Service Area Population Year Population 10 to 15 Year Baseline Population Year ,989 Year ,325 Year ,510 Year ,382 Year ,946 Year ,207 Year ,674 Year ,590 Year ,972 Year ,088 5 Year Baseline Population Year ,946 Year ,207 Year ,674 Year ,590 Year , Compliance Year Population , Gross Water Use Annual gross water use is defined as the amount of water entering the District s distribution system over a 12-month period, excluding: Recycled water delivered within the service area Indirect recycled water Water placed in long-term storage Water conveyed to another urban supplier Water delivered for agricultural use Gross water use must be reported for each year in the baseline periods as well as The s annual gross water use is summarized in SB X7-7 Table 4. Volumes are in acre-feet. No water delivery exclusions are taken. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 41

44 Baseline Year Volume Into Distrib. System SB X7-7 Table 4: Annual Gross Water Use Recycled Water 10 to 15 Year Baseline - Gross Water Use Exported Water Change in Dist. System Storage (+/-) Deductions Indirect Recycled Water Water Delivered for Agricultural Use Process Water Annual Gross Water Use Year , ,509 Year , ,921 Year , ,915 Year , ,065 Year , ,810 Year , ,700 Year , ,576 Year , ,352 Year , ,101 Year , , year baseline average gross water use 30,780 5 Year Baseline - Gross Water Use Year , ,810 Year , ,700 Year , ,576 Year , ,352 Year , ,101 5 year baseline average gross water use 32, Compliance Year - Gross Water Use , , Baseline Daily Per Capita Water Use Baseline daily per capita water use is calculated by converting annual gross water use to gallons per day and dividing by service area population. Daily per capita water use for each baseline year and 2015 are summarized in SB X7-7 Table 5. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 42

45 Baseline Year SB X7-7 Table 5: Gallons Per Capita Per Day (GPCD) Service Area Population 10 to 15 Year Baseline GPCD Annual Gross Water Use (AF) Daily Per Capita Water Use (GPCD) Year ,989 26, Year ,325 26, Year ,510 28, Year ,382 30, Year ,946 30, Year ,207 32, Year ,674 31, Year ,590 31, Year ,972 34, Year ,088 34, Year Average Baseline GPCD 247 Baseline Year 5 Year Baseline GPCD Service Area Population Annual Gross Water Use (AF) Daily Per Capita Water Use (GPCD) Year ,946 30, Year ,207 32, Year ,674 31, Year ,590 31, Year ,972 34, Year Average Baseline GPCD and 2020 Targets 2015 Compliance Year GPCD ,404 24, Urban retail water suppliers may select from four GPCD target methods (CWC ). Target Method 1: 20% reduction from 10-year baseline GPCD Target Method 2: Water use efficiency performance standards Target Method 3: 95% of Hydrologic Region Target Target Method 4: Savings by water sector, DWR Method 4 Printed 6/27/2016 Page 43

46 Regardless of target method selected, the final target cannot exceed 95 percent of the 5- year baseline period average GPCD (CWC ). The has selected Target Method 1, which sets the 2020 target to either 80 percent of the 10-year baseline average GPCD or 95 percent of the 5-year baseline average GPCD, whichever is less. This results in a 2020 target of 198 GPCD. The 2015 interim target of 222 GPCD is the midpoint between the 10-year baseline average GPCD and the 2020 target. The District s GPCD baselines and targets are summarized in Table 5-1. Baseline Period Start Years Table 5-1: Baselines and Targets Summary End Years Average GPCD 2015 Interim Target Confirmed 2020 Target year Year Compliance Daily per Capita Water Use Compliance daily per capita water use in 2015 is summarized in Table 5-2. In reporting their compliance daily per capita water use, urban retail water suppliers may elect to consider the following factors and adjust the estimate accordingly (CWC ): Differences in evapotranspiration and rainfall in the baseline period compared to the compliance reporting period. Substantial changes to commercial or industrial water use resulting from increased business output and economic development that have occurred during the reporting period. Substantial changes to institutional water use resulting from fire suppression services or other extraordinary events, or from new or expanded operations, that have occurred during the reporting period. Cal Water is not electing to make any adjustments to the District s compliance daily per capita water use in The s 2015 compliance daily per capita water use is 160 gallons compared to its 2015 interim target of 222 gallons. The is in compliance with its 2015 interim target. The low per capita water use in 2015 partially reflects the impacts of the Drought Emergency Regulation adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board in May of 2015 (SWRCB Resolution No ). Among other things, the Drought Emergency Regulation mandated urban retail water suppliers reduce potable water use between Printed 6/27/2016 Page 44

47 June of 2015 and February of 2016 by percentage amounts specified by the State Water Resources Control Board. The was ordered to reduce potable water use by 32 percent over this period relative to use over the same period in However, the Drought Emergency Regulation does not explain all of the decline in per capita water use, which has been trending downward since 2004 when it reached its zenith of 260 gallons per person per day. By 2014 this had fallen by 25 percent, to 195 GPCD. Between 2014 and the end of 2015, per capita water use had fallen an additional 18 percent, to 160 GPCD Actual GPCD 2015 Interim Target Table 5-2: 2015 SB X7-7 Compliance Optional Adjustments to 2015 GPCD From Methodology 8 Extraordinary Events Economic Adjust Weather Adjust Adjusted Actual 2015 GPCD Actual as Percent of Target In Compliance? Y/N % YES 5.9 Regional Alliance Urban retail water suppliers may report on the requirements of SB X7-7 individually or as a member of a Regional Alliance. The is a member of a Regional Alliance and this UWMP provides information on the District s progress towards meeting its SB X7-7 water conservation targets as both an individual urban retail water supplier and a member of a Regional Alliance. The has formed a Regional Alliance with other Cal Water urban retail water districts located in the Tulare Lake Hydrologic Region. Compliance with the Regional Alliance s 2015 interim target is demonstrated in Appendix I and summarized in Table SB X7-7 RA Table 1 Compliance Verification on the following page. The Regional Alliance s 2015 compliance daily per capita water use is 168 gallons compared to its 2015 interim target of 251 gallons. The Regional Alliance is in compliance with its 2015 interim target. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 45

48 SB X7-7 RA Table 1: Compliance Verification 2015 GPCD (Actual) 2015 Interim Target GPCD Economic Adjustment 1 Enter "0" if no adjustment Adjusted 2015 GPCD (if economic adjustment used) Did Alliance Achieve Targeted Reduction for 2015? YES 1 Adjustments for economic growth can be applied to either the individual supplier's data or to the aggregate regional alliance data (but not both), depending upon availability of suitable data and methods. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 46

49 Chapter 6 System Supplies The sole source of water supply for the customers of the is groundwater. The District pumps from the Kaweah basin, which has been designated by DWR as critically overdrafted (COD). As will be discussed below, for purposes of this UWMP, groundwater is projected to provide all supply throughout the planning horizon. Cal Water will work with other agencies in the region to increase artificial recharge of the basin, and will evaluate other supplemental supplies, including water transfers, recycled water, and other sources. Kaweah Delta Water Conservation District (KDWCD) and other irrigation districts and companies have historically managed groundwater through the conjunctive use of surface water. KDWCD regularly provides programs that benefit local agricultural customers by making available additional surface water supplies for irrigation. These programs effectively reduce the withdrawals of groundwater resulting in in-lieu recharge of the aquifer. Groundwater is normally used by agriculture as an alternate source when surface supplies are not available, and is the sole source in areas within KDWCD jurisdiction that do not have access to surface water. KDWCD also operates about 40 dedicated water management basins with a total area of approximately 2,100 acres for the multiple purposes of flood control and groundwater replenishment. The basins have the capacity to recharge approximately 983 acre-feet per day under optimal conditions. Normal operation of these facilities provides both the direct and indirect groundwater recharge of the basin in the form of conveyance losses and from agricultural applications of surface water that percolate into the aquifer. In areas of the Lower Kaweah River such as Packwood and Cameron Creeks, surface water deliveries are managed by Tulare Irrigation District (TID) and other irrigation districts and companies. The City of Visalia maintains a groundwater recharge program that provides localized benefit to the. Under this program the City works cooperatively with KDWCD and these irrigation districts and companies to manage groundwater resources. The supply strategy recommended for the in Cal Water s 2012 Integrated Water Supply Plan (IWSP) has two key program elements: Continue to Work with the City on its Groundwater Recharge Programs. The City s most recent estimate is that its 2013 agreement with the Tulare Irrigation District, coupled with potential future recharge opportunities, will provide about 7,500 AFY of new supply. This estimate must be verified and updated as additional information becomes available. In addition, an estimate of the sustainable pumping rate needs Printed 6/27/2016 Page 47

50 further evaluation in the broader basin context as well as the area underlying Visalia. The preliminary sustainable pumping rate estimate for Visalia is 23,500 AFY, which hydrogeologists indicate is based on assumptions that require further investigation. 11 Near-term efforts should focus on improving these estimates to determine whether they should continue to be used or if not, what revised estimates should be used and what the implications of those revised estimates are with respect to determining the adequacy of future groundwater supply to meet future water demand. Continue to Implement Cal Water s Existing Water Conservation Programs in compliance with SBx7-7 requirements. Cal Water is committed to implementing an expanded water conservation program to increase demand reduction in the Visalia District. Projected increased water savings were incorporated into the demand forecast used in the IWSP, and in the updated forecast used in this UWMP. Near-term efforts should focus on continued program implementation and evaluation of user demand changes to confirm conservation program effectiveness and to determine what changes should be made to increase and/or maintain targeted demand reduction levels. Since that planning effort, Cal Water s conservation programming has accelerated to minimize its pumping in the basin. Cal Water will also remain supportive of the management efforts of the KDWCD. 6.1 Purchased Water Cal Water does not currently purchase imported water to serve demand in its Visalia District. KDWCD does have a contract with the Bureau of Reclamation to receive Central Valley Project (CVP) water from the Friant-Kern Canal. KDWCD could transfer a portion of this water to urban use, or could act as an intermediary in a water transfer between another CVP contractor and Cal Water. 6.2 Groundwater Historically, groundwater has satisfied 100 percent of the 's water demand. The groundwater is extracted from the unconfined aquifer system of the Kaweah Delta that underlies the District Basin Description The Kaweah Subbasin lies between the Kings Groundwater Subbasin on the north, the Tule Groundwater Subbasin on the south, crystalline bedrock of the Sierra Nevada 11 The groundwater modeling study upon which this estimate is based is discussed below. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 48

51 foothills on the east, and the Tulare Lake subbasin on the west. Major rivers and streams in the subbasin include the Kaweah and St. Johns Rivers Groundwater Management The groundwater basin that the pumps from is an un-adjudicated sub-basin almost entirely within the KDWCD boundaries. Cal Water participates with the KDWCD, the City of Visalia and others in the Groundwater Management Plan (GMP) established under the provisions of Assembly Bill The Kaweah Delta Water Conservation District is the lead agency in this effort. KDWCD has historically focused on the conservation of flows of the Kaweah River for groundwater recharge. In addition, Cal Water is working with the County of Tulare, Kaweah Delta Water Conservation District, Kings County Water District, Lakeside Irrigation District, St. Johns Water District, the cities of Woodlake, Farmersville and Exeter, and other entities within the Kaweah Sub-Basin on the formation of the Greater Kaweah Groundwater Sustainability Agency under the auspices of California s landmark Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. The formation of the Greater Kaweah GSA will be completed by the 2017 deadline established within SGMA. In 2010 KDWCD updated the GMP in response to SB 1938 to include all the required elements. Cal Water participated as a stakeholder in the development of the Plan and is a signatory of the Memorandum of Understanding for the GMP. The latest version of the GMP is located on the KDWCD website 12 and release of an updated version of the GMP is pending. Cal Water also participates as a stakeholder in the Integrated Water Management process. The groundwater management plan acknowledges a continuing decline in groundwater levels of the aquifer system below the. In an effort to assist in mitigating this groundwater decline, The City of Visalia has established fees which are expected to fund groundwater recharge and other water resource projects within the City. The Groundwater Recharge revenues are derived from three fees: the Groundwater Recharge Fee, Groundwater Extraction Fee, and the Groundwater Mitigation Fee: The Groundwater Recharge Fee was created on December 17, 2001 through an adopted Resolution which adds a fee for groundwater recharge as part of a cooperative agreement with KDWCD to increase groundwater recharge efforts. The fee is collected from residents by the City and is based on the size of the water service line. First priority of recharge fees is for the acquisition of water and other activities to improve groundwater levels. This fee currently generates approximately $142,000 per year. The portion of the fee that is not sent to KDWCD is available for use by the City to fund groundwater recharge efforts. 5,358 AF were purchased and recharged _.pdf Printed 6/27/2016 Page 49

52 under this program during the 2010 calendar year, which was a wetter than average year, making Class 2 water available for purchase. The Groundwater Impact Fee became effective January 2006 and is charged to Cal Water or anyone who pumps groundwater within the City, which includes all residential, commercial and industrial water suppliers. This fee is $15.30 per acre foot of water pumped. Cal Water has paid approximately $444,000 annually to City annually as a result of this fee, and the City can use this revenue for the purchase of additional surface water to use for recharge during wet years and to build recharge capacity, such as the proposed East Side Regional Park project, which is still in the planning phase. This 100-acre site will include 80 acres of recharge basins. The Groundwater Overdraft Mitigation Fee became effective August 2005 and is charged to any person seeking to annex property. This fee is $1,196 per acre of land to be developed or its equivalent value in surface water rights and generates approximately $243,000 per year. All fees in this fund are to be used for acquisition of surface water rights and surface water supplies, development of groundwater recharge facilities, reconfiguration of stormwater facilities designed to retain as much stormwater as possible within and near the City, enhancement of the City s cooperative programs with local water management agencies and companies, development of more efficient water delivery systems, and other activities to improve groundwater levels and increase supply of water to the City. The City purchased and recharged 2,482 AF and the Visalia Water Management Committee purchased and recharged 5,358 AF in Since 2005 the City and the Visalia Water Management Committee have purchased and recharged approximately 22,000 AF for an annual average of 1,467 AF. The City has started the planning and design of the East Side Regional Park and Groundwater Recharge Project with a series of workshops to establish user needs and define plan alternatives. The project will include a large regional park with groundwater replenishment and stormwater capture facilities. The Visalia Water Management Committee adopted its 2016 Annual Plan which focuses on continuing the regular business of the Committee and includes: Administer program funds per the Management Committee s funding objectives of 70% for groundwater improvement projects, 20% for surface water purchases for groundwater recharge and 10% for acquisition of available surface water rights. Continue to investigate and pursue other groundwater recharge improvement projects, including studies for delivery system improvements and optimization. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 50

53 Acquire imported surface water to conduct groundwater recharge activities for the benefit of the City's groundwater supply, if obtainable at reasonable cost and recharge locations are available. Continue efforts to identify and acquire property for development of recharge facilities and continue efforts to identify and acquire surface water rights for groundwater recharge. It is understood that ultimately the reliability of the water supply to the is a function of the long term balance between aquifer replenishment and groundwater extraction. To better plan for ways to achieve this balance the City of Visalia and KDWCD participated in the development of a numerical groundwater model that encompasses the Visalia Urban Development Boundary. The model results indicate that with current programs, overdraft of the basin will continue. Future modeling will need to assist in the land use decision-making process, analysis of various recharge opportunities to determine the most effective strategies, and the determination of a sustainable rate of withdrawal. Sustainable Groundwater Management Act Background On September 16, 2014, Governor Brown signed into law Assembly Bill 1739, Senate Bill 1168, and Senate Bill 1319 (AB-1739, SB-1168, and SB-1319). This threebill legislative package is known collectively as the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). SGMA was amended in the later part of 2015 by Senate Bill 13, Senate Bill 226 and Assembly Bill 1390 to provide clarity to the original law and guidance on groundwater adjudications. This new legislation defines sustainable groundwater management as the management and use of groundwater in a manner that can be maintained during the planning and implementation horizon without causing undesirable results [Water Code 10721(u)]. The legislation defines undesirable results to be any of the following effects caused by groundwater conditions occurring throughout the basin [Water Code 10721(w) (1-6)]: Chronic lowering of groundwater levels indicating a significant and unreasonable depletion of supply; Significant and unreasonable reduction of groundwater storage; Significant and unreasonable seawater intrusion; Significant and unreasonable degraded water quality; Significant and unreasonable land subsidence; Printed 6/27/2016 Page 51

54 Surface water depletions that have significant and unreasonable adverse impacts on beneficial uses of the surface water. The legislation provides for financial and enforcement tools to carry out effective local sustainable groundwater management through formation of Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSA's) consisting of local public agencies, water companies regulated by the CPUC and mutual water companies. The legislation requires that GSA's within High and Medium Priority basins under the California Statewide Groundwater Elevation Monitoring (CASGEM) program subject to critical conditions of overdraft prepare and submit a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) for the basin by January 31, 2020 [Water Code (a) (1)], and requires GSA's in all other groundwater basins designated as High or Medium Priority basins to prepare and submit a GSP by January 31, 2022 [Water Code (a) (2)]. Following State approval, the basin would thereafter be managed under the GSP. The legislation does not require adjudicated basins to develop GSPs, but they are required to report their water use. Intended Outcomes and Benefits The key intended outcomes and benefits of SGMA are numerous, and include: Advancement in understanding and knowledge of the State s groundwater basins and their issues and challenges; Establishment of effective local governance to protect and manage groundwater basins; Management of regional water resources for regional self-sufficiency and drought resilience; Sustainable management of groundwater basins through the actions of GSA s, utilizing State assistance and intervention only when necessary; All groundwater basins in California are operated to maintain adequate protection to support the beneficial uses for the resource; Surface water and groundwater are managed as a Single Resource to sustain their interconnectivity, provide dry season base flow to interconnected streams, and support and promote long-term aquatic ecosystem health and vitality; A statewide framework for local groundwater management planning, including development of sustainable groundwater management best management practices and plans; Printed 6/27/2016 Page 52

55 Development of comprehensive and uniform water budgets, groundwater models, and engineering tools for effective management of groundwater basins; Improved coordination between land use and groundwater planning; Enforcement actions as needed by the SWRCB to achieve region-by-region sustainable groundwater management in accordance with the 2014 legislation. To assist in attaining the above outcomes, the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) will provide GSA s with the technical and financial assistance necessary to sustainably manage their water resources. The benefits of these outcomes include: A reliable, safe and sustainable water supply to protect communities, farms, and the environment, and support a stable and growing economy; Elimination of long-term groundwater overdraft, an increase in groundwater storage, avoidance or minimization of subsidence, enhancement of water flows in stream systems, and prevention of future groundwater quality degradation. Cal Water Position Cal Water s groundwater basin philosophy continues to be to work collaboratively with all stakeholders in the basins where we operate and to do what is best for the groundwater basin including the sharing of burden(s) and benefits on an equitable basis with said stakeholders. Cal Water recognizes and deeply supports the goals, objectives, and intended outcomes of the SGMA. Moreover, the company recognizes the numerous challenges of the legislation along with a variety of technical, legal, political, and financial/economic dimensions, particularly when the geographical diversity of the Company s service territory is considered. None-the-less, Cal Water intends to take an active role in the local and state-wide management of groundwater resources over the next years by fully supporting and participating in the principal edicts of SGMA. A number of specific steps that the Company intends to take with respect to this position and role include (among others): Outreach to public agencies to ensure that the Company s presence, rights and interests, as well as historical and current resource management concerns are honored/incorporated within the GSA and GSP formulation processes. Outreach to applicable local and regulatory agencies to ensure that the Company is at full participation, while also meeting the requirements and expectations set forth by SGMA; The enhanced use of digital/electronic groundwater monitoring equipment and other new technology aimed at measuring withdrawal rates, pumping water levels, and key water quality parameters within the context of day-to-day operations; Printed 6/27/2016 Page 53

56 Full participation in the development of GSP's and formulation of groundwater models being constructed in basins where the Company has an operating presence; Full participation in individual and/or joint projects aimed at mitigating seawater intrusion and other "undesirable results"; Inclusion of sound groundwater management principles and data in all applicable technical reports, studies, facility master plans, and urban water management plans (including this 2015 update), particularly as these undertakings relate or pertain to water resource adequacy and reliability; Inclusion of sound groundwater management principles and data in all general rate case (GRC) filings and grant applications to ensure that resource management objectives remain visible and central to Cal Water s long-term planning/budgeting efforts; SGMA related information in the 2015 UWMP The Urban Water Management Plans prepared by Cal Water over the past decade, including the 2015 update, already contain many of the elements required by SGMA and thus already serve as a road map toward the implementation of SGMA and the basin GSP. The UWMP addresses all water supply sources including groundwater. SGMA s specific concerns with groundwater are addressed as follows: Chapter 4 addresses Cal Water s historic and future customer growth and water demand in the basin. Chapter 6 addresses Cal Water s historic and future water supplies in the basin. Chapter 6 addresses the potential actions Cal Water will need to take to develop additional water supplies to maintain supply reliability. Chapter 6 discusses water quality and necessary actions to protect and decontaminate water supplies. Chapter 6 addresses supplementing water supplies with recycled water. Chapter 7 addresses the projected ability of the combined supply, including groundwater, to reliable serve customer demands under normal, single-dry-year and multiple-dry-year conditions Overdraft Conditions Table 6-A summarizes the sustainable annual pumping volumes estimated by the basin modeling described above. Cal Water s share of the basin safe yield is estimated at 23,000 AFY. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 54

57 Sustainable Pumping Estimate (AFY) 1 Table 6-A: Preliminary Sustainable Pumping Estimates Area (Acres) 23,000 17,764 28,000 17, , ,000 Description of Area Allocation of Sustainable Pumping Estimate to Cal Water in Visalia urban area. Total Sustainable Pumping Estimate in Visalia urban area Safe Yield for KDWCD Model Domain (using net of subsurface inflows and outflows) for Comments on Differences Based on average Cal Water pumping vs. total urban pumping. Based on average urban pumping and storage change 1. Sustainable pumping estimates are preliminary, subject to revision, and may be updated in response to new groundwater modeling information, changing basin conditions, and implementation of SGMA. Estimates are rounded to the nearest 1,000 AFY (Visalia urban area) and the nearest 100,000 AFY (KDCWD Model Domain). The Kaweah Subbasin is designated by the Department of Water Resources (DWR) as being critically overdrafted. Additional details on the basin are given in the DWR's Groundwater Bulletin 118, which is included in Appendix G. 13 Figure 6-1 shows that average static groundwater elevations in the district have declined up to 70 feet over the past 25 years. The elevations did recover during the relatively wet period of the late 1990s. But since 2000, the levels have sharply decreased. The declining groundwater level is the result of both reduced surface water for recharge and increased pumping due to urban growth and agricultural demand. 13 California's Ground Water Bulletin 118, 2003; Tulare Lake Hydrologic Region; San Joaquin Valley Subbasin; Groundwater Basin Number: Printed 6/27/2016 Page 55

58 Figure 6-1: Average Water Level of All District Wells Historical Pumping The volume of groundwater pumped by Cal Water since 2011 is shown in Table 6-1. Groundwater Type Table 6-1 Retail: Groundwater Volume Pumped (AF) Location or Basin Name Alluvial basin Kaweah Sub-basin 30,260 31,627 32,600 29,686 24,853 Total 30,260 31,627 32,600 29,686 24, Surface Water The IWSP evaluated surface supply options that involved direct treatment and delivery to customers. Cal Water does not currently have any surface water rights in the Visalia area and does not use surface water as a direct supply source for its Visalia customers. The most promising alternatives identified involve purchase or transfer of San Joaquin River water, either through purchase of Friant Project water, or long-term transfer of San Joaquin River Exchange Contractor Water Authority members. Either of these options has the potential to meet long-term water supply needs for the Visalia Printed 6/27/2016 Page 56

59 District. Cal Water will continue to carefully investigate these alternatives, but since that work is still in an early stage, it is assumed for purposes of this UWMP that there will be no direct surface supplies and that Cal Water will rely on the two IWMP strategies (enhanced artificial basin recharge and water conservation activities). 6.4 Stormwater While Cal Water has no current plans to capture stormwater for beneficial use in the, the City of Visalia has been improving and upgrading its infrastructure to capture and recharge stormwater to the groundwater basin. 6.5 Wastewater and Recycled Water The recycling of wastewater offers several potential benefits to Cal Water and its customers. Perhaps the greatest of these benefits is to help maintain a sustainable groundwater supply either through direct recharge, or by reducing potable supply needs by utilizing recycled water for appropriate uses (e.g., landscape, irrigation) now being served by potable water. Currently, no wastewater is recycled for direct reuse in the District. However, the City s Water Conservation Plant Upgrade Project will begin producing Title 22 Recycled Water in 2017 for exchange with TID. The potential amount of recycled water that can be produced is proportional to the amount of wastewater that is generated by the District, and is discussed in the following sections Recycled Water Coordination Cal Water supports the upgrade of the Water Conservation Plant (WCP) that the City of Visalia is undertaking to provide tertiary treatment and produce Title 22 recycled water Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal The City of Visalia owns and operates the primary sewer system within the. A small portion of the wastewater produced in the District is disposed of in on-site septic systems, principally in current and former county islands. The City s system consists of gravity sewers, pumping stations, and force mains to collect wastewater from residential, commercial, and industrial customers. The collected wastewater is discharged to trunk sewers and interceptors and conveyed to the WCP, which is not within the boundaries. The wastewater undergoes secondary treatment with trickling filters, activated sludge, and chlorination. Currently, the treated effluent is routed to the City s Basin 4 retention pond. This will be discontinued in 2017 once the plant upgrade is completed and recycled water deliveries begin to TID and City properties. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 57

60 The WCP has a capacity to treat 22 MGD but under Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) Waste Discharge Requirements Order No. R is limited to its permit capacity of 20 MGD. The WCP received 10.7 mgd in 2015, from residential, commercial, and industrial customers in the City of Visalia and from other parts of unincorporated Tulare County, down from 11.5 mgd in Table 6-2 shows the volume of wastewater collected from District customers in Data was provided by the City. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 58

61 Table 6-2 Retail: Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2015 Percentage of 2015 service area covered by wastewater collection system (optional) Percentage of 2015 service area population covered by wastewater collection system (optional) Receiving Wastewater Treatment Name of Wastewater Collection Agency City of Visalia Wastewater Volume Metered or Estimated? Total Wastewater Collected from Service Area in 2015: Volume of Wastewater Collected in 2015 (AF) Name of Wastewater Treatment Agency Receiving Collected Wastewater Estimated 11,956 City of Visalia 11,956 Treatment Plant Name Visalia Water Conservation Plant Is WWTP Located Within UWMP Area? No Is WWTP Operation Contracted to a Third Party? Printed 6/27/2016 Page 59

62 X Wastewater Treatment Plant Name Table 6-3 Retail: Wastewater Treatment and Discharge Within Service Area in 2015 No wastewater is treated or disposed of within the UWMP service area. The supplier will not complete the table below. Discharge Location Name or Identifier Discharge Location Description Wastewater Discharge ID Number (optional) Method of Disposal Does This Plant Treat Wastewater Generated Outside the Service Area? Treatment Level Waste water Treated 2015 Volumes Discharged Treated Waste water Recycled Within Service Area Total Recycled Outside of Service Area Printed 6/27/2016 Page 60

63 6.5.3 Recycled Water System As mentioned above, the City is currently upgrading its wastewater treatment facilities to treat all of the effluent to a tertiary level. Upgrades to the WCP are planned to be complete by At that time the City expects 100 percent of the treated effluent to be reused through transfer and exchange agreements with TID and for landscape irrigation at Plaza Park and Valley Oaks golf course. Until then, the treated effluent is being routed to the Basin 4 retention pond. By 2040 the volume of water reused under these programs could reach over 27,000 AFY. In addition to the construction of an upgraded treatment facility, the project also includes a distribution system for the delivery of recycled water to locations near the WCP. A backup delivery system has been built to Recharge Basin No. 4 to eliminate the possibility of discharges to Mill Creek. The recycled water would be used for several purposes including agricultural irrigation on City owned properties surrounding both the Visalia Airport and the WCP, and for landscape irrigation at Plaza Park and the Valley Oaks Golf Course. These end uses presently use pumped groundwater to provide their irrigation water supply needs and are not served by Cal Water. The City of Visalia and TID executed an Agreement for Exchange of Water Supplies in March 2013 (see Appendix G). The Agreement specifies that the City will deliver 11,000 to 13,000 AF of recycled water to TID, and in exchange, TID will provide an annual average of 5,500 to 6,500 AF of its Central Valley Project allocation to the City for its groundwater recharge program Recycled Water Beneficial Uses The treated effluent from the WCP is now being placed in a retention basin pending completion of the City s Water Conservation Plant upgrade in At that point, recycled water will be sent to TID in exchange for water to recharge the groundwater basin. None of the recycled water will be used by District customers. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 61

64 Table 6-4 Retail: Current and Projected Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area Recycled water is not used and is not planned for use within the service area of the supplier. The supplier will not complete the table below. Name of Agency Producing (Treating) the Recycled Water: Name of Agency Operating the Recycled Water Distribution System: Supplemental Water Added in 2015 Source of 2015 Supplemental Water Beneficial Use Type General Description of 2015 Uses Level of Treatment (opt) Agricultural irrigation Landscape irrigation (exc golf courses) Golf course irrigation Commercial use Industrial use Geothermal and other energy production Seawater intrusion barrier Recreational impoundment Wetlands or wildlife habitat Groundwater recharge (IPR) Surface water augmentation (IPR) Direct potable reuse Total: IPR - Indirect Potable Reuse Printed 6/27/2016 Page 62

65 Use Type Agricultural irrigation Table 6-5 Retail: 2010 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2015 Actual Recycled water was not used in 2010 nor projected for use in The supplier will not complete the table below Projection for actual use Landscape irrigation (exc excluding golf courses) Golf course irrigation Commercial use Industrial use Geothermal and other energy production Seawater intrusion barrier Recreational impoundment Wetlands or wildlife habitat Groundwater recharge (IPR) Surface water augmentation (IPR) Direct potable reuse Total Actions to Encourage and Optimize Future Recycled Water Use The two adopted strategies adopted in the 2012 IWSP did not include provision of recycled water to customers. The IWSP concluded that distribution of recycled water to customers was not a feasible water supply strategy. Cal Water s supply portfolio in some districts already includes recycled water; elsewhere, the Company is participating in studies of the possibility of adding this supply source. Cal Water is eager to expand its portfolio to provide recycled water to its customers wherever possible, and to form partnerships with other agencies and jurisdictions to accomplish this. Any such project must be economically feasible. Approval of such an investment by the CPUC is contingent on a demonstration that it is beneficial to ratepayers. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 63

66 Name of Action Table 6-6 Retail: Methods to Expand Future Recycled Water Use Supplier does not plan to expand recycled water use in the future. Supplier will not complete the table below but will provide narrative explanation. Description Planned Implementation Year Expected Increase in Recycled Water Use NA NA NA NA 6.6 Desalinated Water Opportunities There are no opportunities for the development of desalinated water in the District. Visalia is located in the eastern Central Valley at a great distance from any potential source of saline water. 6.7 Exchanges or Transfers The participants in the previously mentioned groundwater management plan see the importation of additional surface water into the sub-basin as an important element to achieving a balanced groundwater condition. As has already been mentioned, KDWCD is already the beneficiary of contracts for water supplies to be developed and delivered by the federal Central Valley Project. Besides the additional water to be delivered into the area as a contract entitlement, the status as a long-term contractor also affords improved access to surplus federal water supplies that may be available from other federal contractors or which may be surplus to the federal project s overall immediate demands. Monies are being set aside by both Kaweah Delta Water Conservation District and the City of Visalia which would enable the purchase of such water supplies when they come available. If a surface supply could be obtained it would come from two possible sources. The first is from Section 215 of the Reclamation Reform Act (RRA) of 1982 which allows for water designated as non-storable irrigation water to be released due to flood control criteria or unmanaged flood flows. KDWCD has access to this water and continues to work towards maximizing use of these excess flows. The second possibility is to work directly with agricultural users to obtain a water transfer or exchange. These agricultural transfers can be permanent or interruptible. Permanent agricultural transfers involve the permanent acquisition of agricultural water rights and the transfer or change of a water right to municipal and industrial uses either in the form of the cessation of irrigation on formerly irrigated lands or through transfer of flood flows for indirect potable reuse. Interruptible agricultural transfers consist of temporary Printed 6/27/2016 Page 64

67 agreements where agricultural water rights can be used for other purposes. The agreement with agricultural users allows for the temporary cessation of irrigation so that the water can be used to meet Visalia s municipal needs. Although these sources are available it is unlikely that Cal Water will purchase imported water directly from KDWCD for delivery to municipal and industrial customers in Visalia. Any increased acquisition of surface flows by KDWCD would most likely be used for aquifer recharge, and would be available to Cal Water through groundwater pumping. Cal Water with Hills Valley Irrigation District and City of Bakersfield CVP water importation program was able to transfer water banked in the City of Bakersfield s groundwater bank, which is owned by Cal Water. The eight-year exchange agreement started in Under the agreement approximately 2,700 AF was delivered to City of Visalia for groundwater recharge. 6.8 Future Water Projects As discussed above, as part of the Water Supply and Facilities Master Plan (WSFMP) for the that was completed in 2012, Cal Water developed an Integrated Water Supply Plan (IWSP), which includes a detailed feasibility analysis of water supply alternatives. In particular, the IWSP considered future supplies that Cal Water projects will be available as a result of current and planned City of Visalia recharge programs and conversion of land from agricultural to urban uses. The City, with its current and planned programs to increase groundwater recharge through 2030, has an established framework in place for recharge activities. Cal Water has worked collaboratively with the City to develop and plan some of these programs and will continue to work with the City to support their implementation and to consider potential expansions. Since future supply augmentations are primarily a function of City of Visalia projects and land use conversion, there are no Cal Water projects to enter on Table 6-7 below. Cal Water reiterates that it will work closely with the City and other agencies to ensure implementation of necessary projects to maintain the health of the groundwater basin. Printed 6/27/2016 Page 65

68 Name of Future Projects or Programs Table 6-7 Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs No expected future water supply projects or programs that provide a quantifiable increase to the agency's water supply. Supplier will not complete the table below. Some or all of the supplier's future water supply projects or programs are not compatible with this table and are described in a narrative format. LOCATION OF THE NARRATIVE:_Sections 6-2, 6-8. Joint Project with other agencies? If Yes, Agency Name Description (if needed) Planned Implementation Year Planned for Use in Year Type Expected Increase in Water Supply to Agency This may be a range Printed 6/27/2016 Page 66

69 6.9 Summary of Existing and Planned Sources of Water Table 6-8 shows the actual volumes of groundwater production for calendar year Table 6-9 shows the projected supply volumes through Cal Water is assuming that current and planned basin recharge activities and land use conversions will result in sufficient groundwater supplies to meet demand through Therefore, the groundwater supply amounts shown in Table 6-9 equal the projected demand in each year. As the SGMA process unfolds and as Cal Water and its partners gain a better understanding of the basin and what is required to sustain it, this assumption will be continually reassessed. Future decisions on basin recharge activities and the potential development of other supply sources will be based on the accumulated knowledge gained about the groundwater basin. Table 6-8 Retail: Water Supplies Actual (AF) Water Supply Additional Detail on Water Supply Actual Volume Groundwater 24,853 Total 24, Water Quality Drinking Water Total Right or Safe Yield (optional) Printed 6/27/2016 Page 67

70 Table 6-9 Retail: Water Supplies Projected (AF) Projected Water Supply Report To the Extent Practicable Water Supply Reasonably Available Volume (opt) Total Right or Safe Yield (optional) Reasonably Available Volume Total Right or Safe Yield (optional) Reasonably Available Volume Total Right or Safe Yield (optional) Reasonably Available Volume Total Right or Safe Yield (optional) Reasonably Available Volume Total Right or Safe Yield (optional) Groundwater 34,937 39,818 45,092 49,959 54,987 Total 34,937 39,818 45,092 49,959 54,987 Printed 6/27/2016 Page 68