IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF MSW LANDFILL ON GROUND WATER QUALITY ACROSS CHENNAI KANCHIPURAM AND THIRUVALLUR DISTRICTS

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_04_129 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF MSW LANDFILL ON GROUND WATER QUALITY ACROSS CHENNAI KANCHIPURAM AND THIRUVALLUR DISTRICTS Thanga Gurusamy B Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, VELS Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, (VISTAS) Chennai, India Soundarya M.K Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, VELS Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, (VISTAS) Chennai, India Janagar N Final Year B.E Student, Department of Civil Engineering, VELS Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, (VISTAS) Chennai, India Paul Abbinesh L.S Final Year B.E Student, Department of Civil Engineering, VELS Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, (VISTAS) Chennai, India Ram Kumar R Final Year B.E Student, Department of Civil Engineering, VELS Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, (VISTAS) Chennai, India ABSTRACT This paper is an attempt to assess the impact of uncontrolled MSW landfill on the ground water quality across the selected study area which includes Chennai, Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur districts. This work is based on the ground water quality data that has been made available to the public by the Tamil Nadu Water Resources Department. A set of MSW landfill locations including Perungudi and Kodungaiyur dumping yards across the three districts were identified and its possible influence on the ground water quality of the surrounding locality were analyzed and related. Only chemical water quality parameters have been analyzed. The ground water qualities around the dumping site locations for both post monsoon and pre monsoon season of the year 2017 are used and compared for this spatial contamination assessment. A set of water quality contour maps has been prepared and shown in the figures to delineate contamination zone around the MSW landfill locality. The zones below the natural water bodies are reporting the ground water editor@iaeme.com

2 Thanga Gurusamy B, Soundarya M.K, Janagar N, Paul Abbinesh L.S and Ram Kumar R quality well below the allowable limits. Anyhow the ground water quality along the coastal belt of about 20km length between ENNORE and PULICAT Lake has been highly contaminated possibly due to ETPS waste disposal into the lake through Buckingham canal. The Concentration of TDS, Hardness, Sulphate, Fluoride and Calcium in the locations including Taramani, Vepery, Thuraipakkam and other locations around the selected MSW landfill sites are well above the allowable limit. Hence existing uncontrolled landfills are proposed to get converted into sanitary landfill to maintain the ground water quality within allowable limit. Keywords: Uncontrolled MSW landfills, Ground water quality, Impact Assessment, Temporal water quality variations, Contour Mapping and ISWM. Cite this Article: Thanga Gurusamy B, Soundarya M.K, Janagar N, Paul Abbinesh L.S and Ram Kumar R, Impact Assessment of MSW Landfill on Ground Water Quality across Chennai Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur Districts, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(4), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION The concentrated development of industries and commercial sectors causes for the concentrated population growth leading to the generation and development of cities. All cities are having the problem of handling the solid wastes generated so that it will not cause for environmental pollution. The Figure 1.1 shows the sources of MSW in Chennai and the year wise growth in the generation of MSW across Chennai in unit TPD(tons per day). The feasible options for achieving reduced waste generation includes REDUCTION, REUSE, RECYCLING and RECOVERY. To maintain the ground water quality against possible pollution due to MSW Leachate proper measures need to be implemented. Figure 1.1 various sources of MSW and growth status of MSW potential in Chennai 2. LITERATURE REVIEW The influence of uncontrolled landfills on ground water quality has been presented by Kumar [1]. Babalola (2011) [2] had reported various methods for the selection of suitable landfill site with minimum environmental hazards and public opposition. Sener (2011)[3] had reported about the application of GIS (Geographical Information system) for the identification of suitable landfill sites editor@iaeme.com

3 Impact Assessment of MSW Landfill on Ground Water Quality across Chennai Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur Districts The impact of landfill Leachate on the ground water pollution has been proved by [4-5].The effect of solid wastes on the Human health and ecosystem has been discussed by Jha (2003) [6].The composition and generation of MSW had been discussed by [7 and 8].The degree of hazards associated with different components of the waste generated has been reported by Misra (2005).[9] Iriarte (2009)[10] had made an attempt to find selective methods waste collection system to reduce the landfill potential. 3. STUDY AREA Thiruvallur district is located in the North Eastern part of Tamil Nadu between and North and and east. Poondi reservoir is located in Thiruvallur district. Kosasthalaiyar sub basin passes through this district. The district spreads over an area of about 3422 Sq.km. Chennai is situated in the North-Eastern end of Tamil Nadu on the coast of Bay of Bengal. It lies between and North and and East. The total area of the district is sq.kms. Chennai City is one of the oldest cities of India. Kanchipuram District lies between 11 to 12 North and ' to ' east. The district has a total geographical area of Sq.Km. Palar is the main river in this district. The location map of these three districts are shown in the Figure RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Figure 3.1 location maps of Chennai, Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur Districts An observed record of the ground water quality becomes the basis for this analysis. The Tamil Nadu Water resources Department is maintaining a set of observation wells to monitor both the ground water level and ground water quality periodically. Both pre monsoon and editor@iaeme.com

4 Thanga Gurusamy B, Soundarya M.K, Janagar N, Paul Abbinesh L.S and Ram Kumar R post monsoon water quality records are available for use. The Figure 4.1 shows the locations of more than 250 observation wells across the Chennai, Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur Districts. Contour maps for selected ground water are used to detect the influence of MSW landfill site. The time histories of water quality for locations near MSW landfill site are also to be used. Figure 4.1 Location of observation wells and list of selected MSW landfill sites 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Time variation of ground water for locations near to MSW landfills sites such as Kodungaiyur and Perungudi are prepared in the form of graph and shown in the Figure No 5.1 for VELACHERY, PALLAVARAM, in the Figure 5.2 and 5.3 for VEPERY and TARAMANI Figure 5.1 TDS history of VELACHERY and PALLAVARAMI located near to Perungudi MSW landfill The water quality contours are prepared for a set of chemical water quality parameters including Total dissolved solids (TDS), Hardness, ph value, Fluoride, Sulphate, Nitrate and Calcium. These Contour maps are showing the ground water contamination level editor@iaeme.com

5 Impact Assessment of MSW Landfill on Ground Water Quality across Chennai Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur Districts surrounding the selected MSW landfill sites and across the three districts Chennai, Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur. These water quality contour maps are shown for both pre monsoon and post monsoon from the figure No 5.4 through 5.11 respectively for TDS, HARDNESS, FLUORIDE, ph value, SO4, NO3, CHLORIDE and CALCIUM concentrations. The zones below the natural water bodies are reporting the ground water quality well below the allowable limits. Anyhow the ground water quality along the coastal belt of about 20km length between ENNORE and PULICAT Lake has been highly contaminated possibly due to ETPS waste disposal into the lake through Buckingham canal. The ground water quality along the coastal belt of about 20km length between ENNORE and PULICAT Lake has been highly contaminated possibly due to ETPS waste disposal into the lake through Buckingham canal. Figure 5.2 TDS history of VEPERY located near to Kodungaiyur MSW landfill Figure 5.3 TDS history of TARAMANI located near to Perungudi MSW landfill

6 Thanga Gurusamy B, Soundarya M.K, Janagar N, Paul Abbinesh L.S and Ram Kumar R Figure 5.4 TDS concentrations around MSW landfills for pre and post monsoons of 2017 Figure 5.5 HARDNESS concentrations around MSW landfills for pre and post monsoons editor@iaeme.com

7 Impact Assessment of MSW Landfill on Ground Water Quality across Chennai Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur Districts Figure 5.6 FLUORIDE concentrations around MSW landfills for pre and post monsoons of 2017 Figure 5.7 ph value concentrations around MSW landfills for pre and post monsoons of

8 Thanga Gurusamy B, Soundarya M.K, Janagar N, Paul Abbinesh L.S and Ram Kumar R Figure 5.8 SULPHATE concentrations around MSW landfills for pre and post monsoons of 2017 Figure 5.9 NITRATE concentrations around MSW landfills for pre and post monsoons of editor@iaeme.com

9 Impact Assessment of MSW Landfill on Ground Water Quality across Chennai Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur Districts Figure5.10 CHLORIDE concentrations around MSW landfills pre and post monsoons of 2017 Figure 5.11 NITRATE concentrations around MSW landfills for pre and post monsoons of

10 Thanga Gurusamy B, Soundarya M.K, Janagar N, Paul Abbinesh L.S and Ram Kumar R 6. CONCLUSIONS The concept of Sanitary landfill has been used to protect the environment including the ground water quality. The uncontrolled landfill Leachate will cause for the pollution of the ground water nearby to the dumping site. Sanitary landfill as an engineered process will ensure that the operations to be according to the acceptable standards. Integrated solid waste management (ISWM) strategy recommends the following sequence to minimise the impact of MSW on the environmental pollution. The sequence is (i) Reducing the quantity of waste generated, (ii) Reusing the materials, (iii) Recycling and recovering materials, (iv) Combustion for Energy recovery and (v) Land filling. Implementation of both ISWM and Sanitary landfill will bring down the contamination of ground water quality. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are grateful to the management of VELS Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced studies (VISTAS) for their consistent encouragement towards this research work and to the Executive Engineer, Tamil Nadu Water Resources Department Chennai, for their kind support to provide necessary ground water quality data for the study area considered. REFERENCES [1] D. Kumar and B.J Alappat, Analysis of Leachate Contamination Potential of a Municipal Landfill Using LPI, Workshop on Sustainable Landfill Management: [2] Babalola, A., and Busu, I. (2011): Selection of landfill sites for solid waste treatment in Damaturu town-using GIS techniques. - J Environ Prot 2(1):1-10, DOI: /jep [3] Sener, S., Sener, E., Karaguzel, R. (2011): Solid waste disposal site selection with GIS and AHP methodology: a case study in Senirkent Uluborlu (Isparta) Basin, Turkey. - Environ Monit Assess 173: [4] Akinbile, C.O. and Yusoff, M.S., Environmental impact of Leachate pollution on Groundwater supplies in Akure, Nigeria, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, [5] Jhamnani, B. and Singh S.K., Groundwater contamination due to Bhalaswa landfill site in New Delhi, International Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 2009 (1), [6] Jha, M.K., Sondhi, O.K. and Pansare, M., Solid waste management-a case study. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 2003, 23 (10), [7] Bianchini, A.; Pellegrini, M.; Saccani, C. Material and energy recovery in integrated waste Management system Italian cases study on the quality of MSW data. Waste Manag. 2011, 31, [8] Romanian Government. NWMP-National Waste Management Plan Available online: (accessed on 4 June 2014). [9] Misra, V. & Pandey, S. D Hazardous waste, impact on health and environment for development of better waste management strategies in future in India. Environment International, 31, [10] Iriarte, A.; Gabarrell, X.; Rieradevall, J. LCA of selective waste collection systems in dense urban areas. Waste Management. 2009, 29, editor@iaeme.com