BEET: Building for Energy and the Environment in Tehran Version 1.0

Transcription

1 BEET: Building for Energy and the Environment in Tehran Version 1.0 Melissa Daly Laleh Gharanjik : LEED Buildings and Green Design Concepts Carnegie Mellon University December 12, 2013

2 Table of Contents WHAT IS BEET? 3 INTRODUCTION 5 BUILDING CODES AND RATING SYSTEMS IN IRAN 6 CLIMATE 8 MINIMUM PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS 9 LOCATION & TRANSPORTATION (LT) 11 LT PREREQUISITE 1: PROTECTION OF SENSITIVE LAND 11 LT PREREQUISITE 2: EARTHQUAKE-SAFE DESIGN 12 LT CREDIT 1: REDUCTION OF AUTOMOBILE USE 13 LT CREDIT 2: NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT LOCATION 14 LT CREDIT 3: REUSE OF LAND 15 LT CREDIT 4: PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL SITES 16 LT CREDIT 5: MIXED USE OF BUILDINGS 17 LT CREDIT 6: NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL 18 SUSTAINABLE SITES (SS) 19 SS PREREQUISITE 1: SITE ASSESSMENT 19 SS PREREQUISITE 2: POLLUTION PREVENTION DURING CONSTRUCTION 20 SS PREREQUISITE 3: OPEN SPACE MANAGEMENT 21 SS CREDIT 1: REUSE OF OLD STRUCTURES 22 SS CREDIT 2: IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN SPACE 23 SS CREDIT 3: STORMWATER MANAGEMENT 24 SS CREDIT 4: HEAT ISLAND EFFECT REDUCTION 25 SS CREDIT 5: LIGHT POLLUTION REDUCTION 26 WATER EFFICIENCY (WE) 27 WE PREREQUISITE 1: WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 27 WE PREREQUISITE 2: OUTDOOR WATER CONSERVATION 28 WE PREREQUISITE 3: INDOOR WATER CONSERVATION 29 WE PREREQUISITE 4: BUILDING-LEVEL WATER METERING 30 WE CREDIT 1: OUTDOOR WATER CONSERVATION 31 WE CREDIT 2: INDOOR WATER CONSERVATION 32 WE CREDIT 3: HVAC WATER CONSERVATION 33 WE CREDIT 4: RAINWATER HARVESTING 34 WE CREDIT 5: WATER RECYCLING 35 WE CREDIT 6: WATER METERING 36 WE CREDIT 7: LEAK DETECTION 37 ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE (EA) 38 EA PREREQUISITE 1: BUILDING ENERGY MANAGEMENT PLAN 38 BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

3 EA PREREQUISITE 2: COMMISSIONING AND VERIFICATION 40 EA PREREQUISITE 3: MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE 41 EA PREREQUISITE 4: BUILDING-LEVEL ENERGY METERING 42 EA CREDIT 1: ADVANCED COMMISSIONING 43 EA CREDIT 2: ENHANCED ENERGY PERFORMANCE 44 EA CREDIT 3: ENERGY EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION 46 EA CREDIT 4: ENERGY METERING 47 EA CREDIT 5: DEMAND RESPONSE 48 EA CREDIT 6: FUNDAMENTAL REFRIGERANT MANAGEMENT 49 EA CREDIT 7: RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION 50 MATERIALS & RESOURCES (MR) 52 MR PREREQUISITE 1: STORAGE AND COLLECTION OF RECYCLABLES 52 MR PREREQUISITE 2: CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING 54 MR PREREQUISITE 3: HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT 55 MR CREDIT 1: REUSE OF BUILDING AND MATERIALS 56 MR CREDIT 2: REGIONAL MATERIALS 57 MR CREDIT 3: BUILDING LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT 58 MR CREDIT 4: MATERIAL DISCLOSURE AND OPTIMIZATION 59 MR CREDIT 5: RESPONSIBLE EXTRACTION OF RAW MATERIALS 61 MR CREDIT 6: CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE MANAGEMENT 63 MR CREDIT 7: RECYCLED MATERIALS 64 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (EQ) 66 EQ PREREQUISITE 1: MINIMUM INDOOR AIR QUALITY PERFORMANCE 66 EQ PREREQUISITE 2: ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE CONTROL 70 EQ PREREQUISITE 3: MINIMUM ACOUSTIC CONTROL 72 EQ CREDIT 1: IMPROVED INDOOR AIR QUALITY STRATEGIES 74 EQ CREDIT 2: LOW-EMITTING INTERIORS 76 EQ CREDIT 3: CONSTRUCTION INDOOR AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN 79 EQ CREDIT 4: INDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT 80 EQ CREDIT 5: THERMAL COMFORT 82 EQ CREDIT 6: THERMAL ZONING 83 EQ CREDIT 7: INTERIOR LIGHTING 84 EQ CREDIT 8: DAYLIGHT AND VISUAL COMFORT 86 EQ CREDIT 9: QUALITY VIEWS 88 EQ CREDIT 10: ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE 90 EQ CREDIT 11: PRIVATE WORKSPACES 92 INNOVATION (IN) 93 IN CREDIT 1: INNOVATION 93 IN CREDIT 2: IMPLEMENTING TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE CONCEPTS 94 BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

4 What is BEET? BEET, or Building for Energy and the Environment in Tehran, is a green building rating system for the assessment of new office building projects in Tehran, Iran. The purpose of BEET is to categorize areas of building design and construction that may improve and to identify methods for reducing environmental impacts in each of those categories. Moreover, BEET challenges those involved in the building design and construction process to utilize innovative strategies to achieve exemplary performance and set new standards for building green nationwide. Registration for BEET certification may occur at any time; however, certification may only occur at the time of substantial completion of the project. Both registration and certification are free of cost. Certifications may be earned based on fulfillment of minimum program requirements (MPRs), prerequisites, and credits. Minimum program requirements and prerequisites must be met in order to achieve certification. Credits are optional, but points must be earned through the fulfillment of credits in order to determine the appropriate level of certification. BEET consists of five levels of certification, which can be earned as follows: Certification Credit Points Required BEET Level BEET Level BEET Level BEET Level BEET Level The BEET rating system prerequisites and credits are separated into seven categories: Location & Transportation, Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy & Atmosphere, Materials & Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality, and Innovation. The first six categories contain prerequisites that must be completed to earn certification, in addition to a number of credits that correspond to a total of 100 points. The Innovation category does not have prerequisites, and meeting the requirements of Innovation credits will result in the earning of bonus points. The number of points indicates the priority of the credit category. Energy & Atmosphere is the highest priority category with 26 possible points, followed by Indoor Environmental Quality with 19 points and Water Efficiency with 16 points. The number of possible points that can be earned in each category are as follows: BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

5 Category Total Possible Points Location & Transportation 13 Sustainable Sites 11 Water Efficiency 16 Energy & Atmosphere 26 Materials & Resources 15 Indoor Environmental Quality 19 Innovation 7 Projects that apply for certification must be approved by the BEET Accreditation Council. Once documentation for completed MPRs, prerequisites, and credits have been submitted, the BEET Accreditation Council will review the submittals to verify that all requirements have been met. From there, a project may either be denied or approved a particular level of certification. Based on the result, appeals may also be submitted to adjust the number of credit points earned. Projects that earn fewer than 30 points will be denied certification. Under BEET, only one certification can be earned per office building. A building also cannot be stripped of its certification unless extraordinary circumstances call for the removal of the certification, as decided by the BEET Accreditation Council. Pursuing BEET certification should be considered because in addition to rewarding forward thinking, it serves as an indication of strong commitment to environmental protection. BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

6 Introduction Located south of the Alborz mountains (Figure 1) Tehran is a metropolitan city with a population of approximately 12 million by day and 10 million by night (Figure2). Tehran is the capital of Iran, and its area is about 730 km2 with a population density of about 1,700 per km2. Tehran is a very dense city due to its high land value and population. Although Tehran is a very old city with more than 1,000 years of history, because a large portion of its population immigrated there in recent years, most of the buildings are newly constructed and usually stand for about years. Presently, many of the buildings are 5-15 years old, and the rate of new construction is very high. Typical buildings in Tehran have 5-10 stories; however, there are also some high-rise buildings and skyscrapers in the central parts of the city. Figure 1. Teran s view Figure2. Tehran's population growth Tehran is one of the most air-polluted cities in the area due to its population and geographical conditions. Inversion occurs many days annually, and the city is surrounded with mountains from north and east. According to Ghanoun newspaper (Oct 2013), more than 2,700 individuals die because of air pollution each year. Tehran does not have a specific downtown region; rather, it is composed of 22 urban districts, defined by municipality, each with its own local service areas (Figure 3). Central and older parts of city are more dense and crowded because of the land value. Most of the government buildings, museums, and historical buildings are also located in the central and southern parts. BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

7 Figure 3. Tehran s 22 municipal districts Building Codes and Rating Systems in Iran The only construction-related code available in Iran (and Tehran) is National Building Codes which is developed by Road, Housing and Urban Development Research Center (The Ministry of Road and Urban developement of Iran). It consists of 20 volumes as listed below: 1-Definitions 2-Administration & Enforcement 3-Fire Protection 4-General Building Requirements 5-Building Materials and products 6-Building Loads 7-foundation 8-Masonry buildings 9-Concrete structures 10-Steel Structures 11-Prefabricated Construction 12-Precautions During Building Operations 13-Electrical Installations 14-Air Conditioning and Heating Installations 15-Lifts and Escalators 16-Sanitary Installations 17-Gas Supply Plumbing 18-Acoustics and sound Control 19-Energy Conservation 20- Signs National Building Codes are written in Persian (Farsi) and have not been translated into English. They include minimum requirements for all of the construction projects in Iran. According to the first minimum program requirement (MPR 1) within the BEET rating system, all BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

8 the requirements in National Building Codes must be fulfilled for a project to pursue certification. There is no existing rating system for environmental design and construction developed in Iran and Tehran. BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

9 Climate Tehran has a semi-arid climate with moderate spring and fall weather, hot summers, and cold winters. The climate varies from the northern parts to the southern parts of the city. In the northern parts, which are close to the Alborz mountains, the average temperature is lower, and rainfall is more frequent. The average annual temperature is 17.5 C (Figure 4), and the most frequent wind direction is west. In addition, the average precipitation is 220 mm, and there are approximately 41 days a year with more than 1 mm precipitation. Inversion occurs more than 250 days in year, which causes severe air pollution. Tehran has a gentle upward slope from south to north with a longitude of E and a latitude of N. The average elevation of the city is 1,150 meters above the sea level. Daily High and Low Temperature Relative Humidity Figure 4. The daily average low (blue) and high (red) Figure 5. The average daily high (blue) and low (brown) temperature with percentile bands (inner band from relative humidity with percentile bands (inner bands 25th to 75th percentile, outer band from 10th to 90th from 25th to 75th percentile, outer bands from 10th percentile). Based on the historical records from 1996 to 90th percentile). based on historical records to 2012 from 1996 to 2012 Daily Hours of Daylight and Twilight Figure 6. The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line), with various degrees of daylight, twilight, and night, indicated by the color bands. From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray): full daylight, solar twilight (Sun is visible but less than 6 from the horizon), civil twilight (Sun is not visible but is less than 6 below the horizon), nautical twilight (Sun is between 6 and 12 below the horizon), astronomical twilight (Sun is between 12 and 18 below the horizon), and full night. (Based on the historical records from 1996 to 2012) BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

10 Minimum Program Requirements Described below are MPRs, or minimum program requirements that a project should have to be qualified for BEET certification. These requirements are intended to give clear directions to customers following the certification process, to protect the integrity of the BEET program, and to reduce the complications that may arise during the BEET certification process. In addition to complying with MPRs, a project should demonstrate compliance with all rating system prerequisites to achieve BEET certification. MPR 1: Must Comply with Environmental Laws The BEET project building, all other real property within BEET project boundary, and all project work must comply with applicable national and local building related environmental laws and regulations in Tehran (National Building codes).this condition must be satisfied from the date of BEET project registration or the commencement of schematic design, whichever comes first, up until the date that the building receives a certificate of occupancy or similar official indication that it is fit and ready for use. A lapse in project s compliance with a building-related environmental law or regulation that results from unforeseen and unavoidable circumstance shall not necessarily result in non-compliance with this MPR. Such lapses shall be excused so long as they are remediated as soon as feasibly possible. MPR 2: Must Be a Complete, Permanent Office Building or Space All BEET projects must be designed for, constructed on, and operated on a permanent location on already existing land. BEET projects shall not consist of mobile structures, equipment, or vehicles. No building or space that is designed to move at any point in its lifetime may pursue BEET certification. BEET projects must include the new, ground up design and construction, or major renovation of an office building. MPR 3: Must Use a Reasonable Site Boundary 1.The BEET project boundary must include contiguous land that is associated with and supports normal building operations for the BEET project building, including all land that was or will be disturbed for the purpose of undertaking the BEET project. 2. The BEET project boundary may not include land that is owned by a party other than that which owns the BEET project unless that land is associated with and supports normal building operations for the BEET project building. 3. BEET projects located on a campus must have project boundaries such that if all the buildings on the campus become BEET certified, then 100% of the gross land area on the campus would be included within a BEET boundary. If this requirement is in conflict with MPR 7: Must Comply with Minimum Building Area to Site Area Ratio, then MPR 7 will take precedence. 4. Any given parcel of real property may only be attributed to a single BEET project building. 5. Gerrymandering of a BEET project boundary is prohibited: the boundary may not unreasonably exclude sections of land to create boundaries in unreasonable shapes for the sole purpose of complying with prerequisites or credits. BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER

11 MPR 4: Must Comply with Minimum Floor Area Requirements The BEET project must include a minimum of 200 square meters of gross floor area. MPR 5: Must Comply with Minimum Occupancy Rates The BEET project must serve 1 or more Full Time Equivalent (FTE) occupant(s), calculated as an annual average in order to use BEET in its entirety. If the project serves less than 1 annualized FTE, some credits from Indoor Environmental Quality category may not be earned (the prerequisites must still be earned). MPR 6: Must Commit to Sharing Whole-Building Energy and Water Usage Data All certified projects must commit to sharing with Housing & Urban Development Research Center of Iran all available actual whole project energy and water usage data for a period of at least 5 years. This period starts on the date that BEET project begins typical physical occupancy. Sharing this data includes supplying information on a regular basis in a free, accessible, and secure online tool or, if necessary, taking any action to authorize the collection of information directly from service or utility providers. This commitment must carry forward if the building or space changes ownership or lessee. MPR 7: Must Comply with Minimum Building Area to Site Area Ratio The gross floor area of the BEET project building must be no less than 10% of the gross land area within the BEET project boundary. Reference: LEED 3 Minimum Program Requirements BEET RATING SYSTEM, VERSION 1.0, DECEMBER