A Decision Support Tool for Evaluating Sustainable Biomass to Energy Pathways

Transcription

1 A Decision Support Tool for Evaluating Sustainable Biomass to Energy Pathways Serpil Guran, Ph.D. Director, Rutgers EcoComplex 11 th Annual World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology Session: Production of Bioenergy From Waste May 15, 2014, Philadelphia, PA

2 Co Authors Dr. Margaret Brennan Tonetta Associate Vice President for Economic Development, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey David Specca Assistant Director, EcoComplex, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Jacqueline Melillo Brett Cowan Chris Sipos Acknowledgements Senior Program Manager, ORED Intern, Rutgers EcoComplex Intern, Rutgers EcoComplex

3 Outline EcoComplex Overview 2007 Study 2014 Study Findings GHG emissions reduction potential Conclusions

4 Clean Energy Innovation Center 4

5 Objectives Conduct research, demonstration and verification of innovative clean energy and environmental technologies; Serve as an incubator for innovative clean energy and environmental technologies and end products that have commercial growth potential; Educate students, scientists, entrepreneurs, businesses and investors about innovative clean energy and environmental technologies and their role in economic development and green job creation. 5

6 Research Capabilities Lead grant collaborations and joint research initiatives Partnerships with business and technical consultants, government and support services Laboratory space and expertise for research and product development Technology scale up facilities and contract studies Waste based biomass feedstock supply 6

7 Clean Energy Incubator Currently 15 start up companies at the EcoComplex. Majority involved with clean energy related technologies or energy crop development: Hydrogenation Liquefaction Algae development Sorghum development Landfill gas clean up and power generation Landfill gas to ethanol Landfill gas to CNG/LNG Environmental remediation Life science research & development 7

8 Can Bioenergy Support Low-Carbon Economy? Sustainable Biomass-based Bioenergy can be an integral part of Low-Carbon Economy In the form of: Bio-power (CHP, low carbon electricity and heat) Biofuels (second and third generation advanced biofuels) Bio-based chemicals and materials WITH: Efficient and Cost Effective Technologies (Biorefinery Concept) Successful Integration Into Existing Infrastructure 8

9 Biomass to Bioenergy Supply Chain Feedstock Supply: Produce large, sustainable supplies of regionally available biomass and implement cost effective biomass feedstock infrastructure, equipment, and systems for biomass harvesting, collection, storage, preprocessing, and transportation Bioenergy Production: Develop and deploy cost effective, integrated biomass conversion technologies for the production of biofuels and bioproducts Bioenergy Distribution: Implement biofuels distribution infrastructure (storage, blending, transportation both before and after blending and dispensing) Bioenergy End Use: Assess impact of fuel blends on end user vehicles. 9

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11 ASSESSMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY POTENTIAL IN NEW JERSEY Version 2.0 May

12 Project Overview Assessment of Biomass Energy* Potential in New Jersey 2.0 Project Goals Update the 2007 Feedstock Assessment characteristics and quantity of biomass feedstocks; Update the 2007 Technology Assessment updated efficiencies and technology adoption information; Update statewide mapping of waste/biomass resources and bioenergy potential; Estimate potential greenhouse gas emissions reductions based on scenarios; Develop policy recommendations for moving New Jersey into the forefront of bioenergy innovation. Ultimate goal is that these deliverables will create a well informed base upon which to develop viable bioenergy programs for New Jersey. *Biomass energy is a broad definition for biologically-derived renewable materials that can be used to produce heat, electric power, transportation fuels and bio-based intermediaries, 12 products and chemicals.

13 Study Findings 1. New Jersey produces an est.7.40 million dry tons (MDT) of biomass 1 annually. 2. Almost 74% of New Jersey s biomass resource is produced directly by the state s population, much of it in the form of solid waste (e.g., municipal waste). 3. Biomass is concentrated in the counties of central and northeastern New Jersey. 4. Agriculture and forestry management are also important potential sources of biomass, and account for the majority of the remaining amount. 5. Screening process developed to estimate the practically recoverable biomass. Approximately 4.32 MDT (~58%) of New Jersey s biomass could ultimately be available to produce energy, in the form of power, heat, or transportation fuels. 6. New Jersey s estimated 4.32 MDT of biomass could deliver up to 692 MW of power, (~ 7% of NJ s electricity consumption) or 250 million gallons of gasoline equivalent (~ 4.4% of transportation fuel consumed) if the appropriate technologies and infrastructure were in place New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 13 1 This total includes biogas and landfill gas quantities converted to dry tons.

14 Bioenergy Calculator/Biomass Resource Database Bioenergy Calculator A unique Bioenergy Calculator and interactive biomass resource database were developed to aggregate all biomass and technology information. This database contains a number of important features: Detailed biomass resource data, by county, for more than 40 biomass resources. Energy generation data for 7 major bioenergy technologies that takes into consideration advances in energy output and efficiency over time. The database was designed* to analyze the biomass resource data and technology assessment data in an interactive fashion. The database is: Structured by county and resource type Contains technology performance estimates to convert biomass quantities into energy (electricity and fuel) potential. *Calculator programming developed by Navigant Consulting 2014 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 14

15 Bioenergy Calculator/Biomass Resource Database Bioenergy Calculator The Bioenergy Calculator yields projected biopower and biofuel estimates for 2010, 2015, 2020, The database allows for continual updating as additional data is collected and refined. A screening tool is imbedded in the database to conduct sensitivity analyses on the estimate of recoverable biomass New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 15

16 BIOMASS SUPPLY ANALYSIS 16

17 Biomass Supply Analysis» Theoretical Potential New Jersey produces an estimated 7.40 million dry tons (MDT) of biomass annually. Individual county amounts range from 163,916 to 664,482 dry tons per year. Biogas and Landfill Gas (in Other Wastes) has been converted to dry tons New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 17

18 Biomass Supply Analysis» Practically Recoverable Biomass After screening, approximately 4.32 MDT (~58%) of New Jersey s biomass could ultimately be available to produce energy in the form of power, heat, or transportation fuels. Is/Can the Biomass Be Collected? Is the Biomass Sortable (or is Sorting Needed)? Does the Biomass Have a Valuable Alternative Use? Total Theoretical Biomass Potential = 7.40 MDT Collection Sorting Alternative Use Practically Recoverable Biomass Potential = 4.32 MDT 592,513 DT 237,134 DT 2,252,233 DT Note: This screening process is preliminary and would require considerably more analysis to reach any final conclusions. The screening analysis has been incorporated into the database, and provides flexible scenario analysis capabilities for the user New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station

19 TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 19

20 Technology Assessment» Biofuels Technologies Status of Biofuels Technologies Biofuels Algae and Duckweed to 3 rd Generation Biofuels R&D Demo Pilot Scale Cellulosic Ethanol Fisher Tropsch fuels: 2 nd Gen. Gasoline, Diesel, Jet Fuel Market Penetration Biogas Market Maturity 1 st Generation Ethanol 1 st Generation Biodiesel 2014 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 20

21 2014 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 21

22 Potential GHG Reduction Scenarios and Findings 22

23 NJ ENERGY CO 2 EMISSIONS* * 23

24 NJ ENERGY CO 2 EMISSIONS* * 24

25 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to Energy Scenario: Landfill Gas to Energy Landfill Gas: Utilized + Flared LFG to Transportation CNG for Gasoline Displacement CNG for Diesel Displacement LFG to Power Generation Clean Electricity for Fossil Power Displacement 2014 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 25

26 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to Power Generation 2014 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 26

27 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to Power Generation If the total LFG to electricity generation potential is achieved and assumed to displace coal generated power, New Jersey s net CO 2 reduction potential would be 515,058 ton per year New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 27

28 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to CNG/LNG for Transportation Fuel 2014 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 28

29 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to CNG/LNG as Transportation Fuel 2014 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 29

30 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to Transportation Applications as CNG GREET (WTW) comparison shows that if New Jersey s underutilized (flared) portion of LFG is utilized as CNG, it will have the least GHG emissions impact. Mintz, M., et al. Well to Wheels Analysis of Landfill Gas Based Pathways and Their Addition to the GREET Model Argonne National Laboratory May,2010, ANL/ESD/ New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 30

31 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to Transportation Applications as LNG GREET (WTW) comparison shows that if New Jersey s underutilized (flared) portion of LFG is utilized as LNG it will have the least GHG emissions impact. Mintz, M., et al. Well to Wheels Analysis of Landfill Gas Based Pathways and Their Addition to the GREET Model Argonne National Laboratory, May,2010, ANL/ESD/10 3 GREET The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station

32 Recommendations for Accelerating Growth of Bioenergy Sector Technology Development: Supportive, consistent policies to create positive market signals and certainty Secure feedstock supply long term contracts eliminate/reduce risk Scientists, engineers and other experts integrate science & engineering teams with demonstration and industrial partners at an early stage. Test beds for scale up, pilot testing and verification Life Cycle Analysis to determine true environmental benefits Funding for RD&D and investment for commercialization Process flexibility to accommodate varying inbound biomass composition and maximize revenue potential Provide process, economic and dynamic modeling from plant operating data 2014 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 32

33 Recommendations for Accelerating Growth of Bioenergy Sector Securing Feedstocks: Supportive, consistent policies which will create positive market signals and certainty to grow energy crops Scientists, engineers and other experts to improve yield (Algae development, energy crops i.e. miscanthus, double cropping energy crops with food crops) Inclusion of organic waste as feedstock Efficient handling and preparation of feedstocks Life Cycle Analysis to determine true environmental benefits Reduce cost of feedstocks (low cost waste can help!) 2014 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 33

34 Contact Information Project Director Margaret Brennan, Ph.D., Associate VP Economic Development, Rutgers University Associate Director, NJAES Project Co Director Serpil Guran, Ph.D. Director, Rutgers EcoComplex x 4225 guran@aesop.rutgers.edu Full New Jersey Biomass Assessment Report and Bioenergy Calculator njaes.rutgers.edu/bioenergy 2014 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 34