Public Outreach & Education

Transcription

1 Environmental Review Educational Sessions Chevron Revised Renewal Project Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions and Accounting 101 Monday July 25, pm to 8 pm Public Outreach & Education 2 1

2 Public Outreach & Education EIR Process (Typical Public Involvement) Project Specific Outreach and Education (beyond typical) MAY/JUNE rd QTR th QTR st QTR 2012 Notice of Preparation (30-day review) & Scoping Session June 22, 2011 Prepare Draft Revised EIR Publish Draft Revised EIR (45-day Public Review) Hearing on Draft EIR Prepare Responses to Comments & Final Revised EIR Revised EIR Certification Hearings Educational Sessions (four) Draft Revised EIR Review Sessions (two) Final Revised EIR Review Session(s) 3 Environmental Review Educational Sessions Educational 101 Sessions July 25: August 22: Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Accounting Health Risk Assessment for Airborne Emissions September 29: How a Refinery Operates October 19: CEQA 101 and New BAAQMD CEQA Guidelines 4 2

3 Environmental Review Educational Sessions Purpose - review basic information helpful for understanding topics addressed in EIRs The Educational Sessions are being held prior to the publication of the Draft Revised EIR The Educational Session are general in nature and independent of any specific project 5 Environmental Review Educational Sessions Purpose of Educational Session is not to review or discuss specific elements or potential effects of the Chevron Revised Renewal Project. There will be future opportunities to ask questions and provide comments specific to the Revised Project and Revised EIR. 6 3

4 Environmental Review Educational Sessions Anticipated Review Sessions for Revised Draft EIR Intensive 1-Day guided tour of Draft Revised EIR Technical Workshop: Draft Revised EIR overview and stations with technical experts by topic Review Session for Responses to Comments and Final Revised EIR 7 Tonight s Meeting Agenda Presentation Questions and Answers Participation Protocol 8 4

5 Tonight s Meeting Actively listen Respect others Wait to be recognized before asking questions Allow others opportunity to speak Stay on topic Future opportunities to ask questions and provide comments specific to the Revised Project and EIR Questions/comments specific to the Revised Project will not be addressed 9 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions and Accounting Douglas Daugherty, PhD, PE, CIH California Air Resources Board (CARB)-accredited GHG Lead Verifier and Refineries Specialist Principal, ENVIRON Emeryville, CA 5

6 Douglas Daugherty, PhD, PE, CIH Principal, ENVIRON Emeryville, CA PhD Chemical Engineering, Princeton University MA Chemical Engineering, Princeton University BS (Honors) Chemical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University CARB Accredited Lead GHG Verifier with Refinery sector specialty Emission inventories with special expertise in GHGs Development of Air Emission Reduction Programs (criteria pollutants and GHGs) Preparation of Climate Change reports for EIRs 11 Outline What is a GHG and how do GHGs contribute to climate change General sources of GHGs Direct and Indirect GHG emissions Methods for calculating GHG emissions from industrial facilities Regulatory GHG reporting rules for industrial facilities and third party verification GHG emissions and emissions of other airborne pollutants 12 6

7 Outline What is a GHG and how GHGs contribute to climate change General sources of GHGs Direct and Indirect GHG emissions Methods for calculating GHG emissions from industrial facilities Regulatory GHG reporting rules for industrial facilities and third party verification GHG emissions and emissions of other airborne pollutants 13 What is a GHG? A Greenhouse Gas (GHG) is a gas that traps heat in the atmosphere as a result of the Greenhouse Effect. 14 7

8 What is a GHG? Some GHGs occur naturally in the Earth s atmosphere which are usually controlled by natural processes such as the Carbon Cycle Without GHGs and the Greenhouse Effect the average temperature of the Earth would be about 0 F The concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere has increased in the past couple of centuries as a result of human or anthropogenic activities The most abundant GHGs in the atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and ozone 15 What is a GHG? Six gases* defined by international consensus and regulations * California also classifies nitrogen fluoride (NF 3 ) as a GHG 16 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) California Air Resources Board (CARB) 8

9 What is a GHG? Global Warming Potential: Some GHGs trap heat more than others CH 4 CO 2 17 Counting GHGs based on Global Warming Potential CH 4 CO 2 lbs GHG x GWP GHG = CO 2 e lbs for example: 10 lbs CH 4 x 21 GWP = 210 lbs CO 2 e 10 lbs SF 6 x 23,900 GWP = 239,000 lbs CO 2 e 18 9

10 How GHGs Contribute to Climate Change Adapted from figure SPM-1 of the IPCC Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Summary for Policymakers How GHGs Contribute to Climate Change 20 10

11 GHGs Contribute to Climate Change in Multiple Ways 21 Outline What is a GHG and how GHGs contribute to climate change General sources of GHGs Direct and Indirect GHG emissions Methods for calculating GHG emissions from industrial facilities Regulatory GHG reporting rules for industrial facilities and third party verification GHG emissions and emissions of other airborne pollutants 22 11

12 General Sources of GHGs 23 General Sources of GHGs 24 12

13 General Sources of GHGs One Time Emissions Construction Land use change Embodied Energy Annual Emissions (operating) Mobile Area sources Stationary sources (Stacks from industrial plants, Emergency Generators) GHGs from natural gas and electricity in the built environment Municipal services and water use Lighting 25 General Sources of GHGs World-Wide Type of GHG Economic Sector Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

14 General Sources of GHGs in the San Francisco Bay Area Type of GHG Economic Sector Source: BAAQMD Source Inventory of Bay Area Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2007 Base Year) Buy smart Drive smart Tune your ride Check your tires How to Reduce GHG Emissions On the Road Use public transportation, carpool, walk or bike Use renewable fuels 28 14

15 Manage office equipment energy use better Look for ENERGY STAR qualified products How to Reduce GHG Emissions At the Office Ask your office building manager if your office building has entered the ENERGY STAR Use less energy for your commute Reduce, reuse, and recycle 29 Look for ENERGY STAR qualified products Heat and cool smartly Seal and insulate your home Use green power Reduce, reuse, and recycle Use water efficiently Be green in your yard How to Reduce GHG Emissions At Home 30 15

16 Outline What is a GHG and how GHGs contribute to climate change General sources of GHGs Direct and Indirect GHG emissions Methods for calculating GHG emissions from industrial facilities Regulatory GHG reporting rules for industrial facilities and third party verification GHG emissions and emissions of other airborne pollutants 31 Direct and Indirect Emissions Direct Emissions Construction Land use change Natural gas or oil use for HVAC, and for water heating Motor vehicles Landscaping equipment Hearths Wastewater treatment Combustion sources Indirect Emissions Plug-in energy use Energy used for water treatment, reclamation and distribution Public lighting Municipal vehicles 32 16

17 Direct and Indirect Emissions Industrial Facilities Source: New Zealand Business Council for Sustainable Development 33 Outline What is a GHG and how GHGs contribute to climate change General sources of GHGs Direct and Indirect GHG emissions Methods for calculating GHG emissions from industrial facilities Regulatory GHG reporting rules for industrial facilities and third party verification GHG emissions and emissions of other airborne pollutants 34 17

18 Methods for Calculating GHGs N 2 O CO 2 e tonnes CH 4 MWh Consensus on appropriate methods for calculating GHGs IPCC US EPA CARB Regulations prescribe methods, but there is flexibility based on data availability Based on real data BAAQMD 35 Simple Basics of Any Emission Calculation Activity x Emission Factor = Emissions Activity a measurement of quantity square feet, vehicle miles traveled, gallons of fuel Emission Factor conversion of activity to emissions Grams per square foot, grams per mile, grams per gallon 36 18

19 Methods for Calculating GHGs Can Vary in Complexity CO 2 e Calculation Methodologies most COMPLEXITY least Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) Measured Carbon Content and Calibrated Fuel Flow Measured Heating Value and Company Records Emission Factors and Company Records 37 GHG Calculation Example GHG Emissions = Activity x Emission Factor Least Complex: only activity data available Use regulatory emission factors which relate emissions to measures of activity Examples of activity: Mobile: gasoline used or miles traveled Electricity: electricity purchased on utility bill Combustion: diesel fuel purchased on utility bill Examples of emission factors: kilogram CO2 per gal gasoline purchased kilogram CO2 per kwh electricity purchased kilogram CO2 per gal diesel purchased 38 19

20 GHG Calculation Example Activity Data Emission Factor CO 2 Emissions* 400 gal gasoline 8.81 kg CO 2 per gal gasoline 3,524 kg 11,000 kwh purchased energy kg CO 2 per kwh 6,303 kg *Need to include N 2 O and CH 4 emissions as well to determine total CO 2 e 39 Methods for Calculating GHGs Can Vary by Source Type 40 20

21 GHG Accounting is Simply Adding Up All Your Sources Outline What is a GHG and how GHGs contribute to climate change General sources of GHGs Direct and Indirect GHG emissions Methods for calculating GHG emissions from industrial facilities Regulatory GHG reporting rules for industrial facilities and third party verification GHG emissions and emissions of other airborne pollutants 42 21

22 Regulatory GHG Reporting Rules and Third party Verification Specify which industries and sources must report For example: Petroleum Refineries Electricity Generation General Stationary Combustion Electronics Manufacturing Landfills 43 Food Processing Regulatory GHG Reporting Rules and Third Party Verification Agencies use GHG monitoring and reporting for: Standardization of GHG accounting Establishing metrics for California s Potential Cap and Trade Monitoring progress toward State GHG reduction goals Establishing baseline emission inventories for CEQA Environmental Impact Review 44 22

23 Regulatory GHG Reporting Rules and Third Party Verification Specify scope of GHGs to be included (ARB) direct required indirect depends on rule fugitive depends on industry process depends on industry mobile optional Prescribe methods for calculating GHGs Flexibility in choice based on data availability Monitoring and Recordkeeping requirements 45 Regulatory GHG Reporting Rules Implement deadlines for reporting and verification Certification statement by designated representative Consequences for false information 46 23

24 Third Party Verification USEPA GHG Reporting Program does not require this USEPA staff do their own verification process California GHG Reporting Program requires verification Reporters contract with ARB-accredited verification bodies Verification process modeled after international standards Rigorous conflict of interest (COI) requirements between reporter and verifier Three types of verification opinions - based on materiality and conformance of emissions data report Positive Qualified positive Adverse 47 Third Party Verification Compliance Are all applicable emissions sources included? Were appropriate calculation methodologies used (Tiers)? Accuracy Review reported data Recalculate a sample of emissions 48 24

25 Third Party Verification Site Visit Interviews Observe sources and meters Investigate discrepancies Prepare report of findings 49 Regulation requiring emissions reporting Examples of Regulatory Strategies to Reduce GHG Emissions Regulations establishing emissions performance standards Reduce GHGs from mobile sources such as AB 1493 (Pavley Clean Car Standards) and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard

26 Examples of Regulatory Strategies to Reduce GHG Emissions Cap and Trade Programs: Europe and California (Proposed) Set emission credits and allow for trading of emission credits between industries to encourage cost effective implementation of reductions 51 Examples of Regulatory Strategies to Address GHG Emissions Evaluation required during the CEQA Environmental Impact Review Determine net change in GHG emissions Compare to significance threshold Mitigation required if emissions exceed significance threshold increasing emissions Mitigation required Significance Threshold Less than significant 52 26

27 Examples of Regulatory Strategies to Address GHG Emissions Evaluate CEQA Mitigation Measures Development Projects General applicability: CAPCOA GHG Mitigation Measures Industrial Projects Installation-specific Educational Session #4: CEQA and New BAAQMD Guidelines 53 Outline What is a GHG and how GHGs contribute to climate change General sources of GHGs Direct and Indirect GHG emissions Methods for calculating GHG emissions from industrial facilities Regulatory GHG reporting rules for industrial facilities and third party verification GHG emissions and emissions of other airborne pollutants 54 27

28 GHG Emissions and other Airborne Pollutant Emissions The amount of air pollutants released from a source can be distinguished from each other It is possible to measure and develop different emission factors for the different pollutants released It can be determined how much SO2 is released independent of the GHGs released The amount of reduction of different chemicals can be determined separately 55 GHG Emissions and other Airborne Pollutant Emissions Emission controls or mitigation measures can act differently on different pollutants Reduction in use will reduce all pollutants Reduction due to pollution control device may decrease some pollutants while having no effect or increasing others Change in raw material will effect the amount emitted differently 56 28

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30 GHG Emissions and other Airborne Pollutant Emissions Assessed Differently GHGs Have impacts to the world as a whole Evaluated in a world-wide context Other Airborne Pollutant Emissions Potential impacts are more regional and local Evaluated regionally and at a local level This is the topic of our next educational session Health Risk Assessments for Airborne Emissions 101 August 22, Want to Learn More? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) US EPA ARB BAAQMD BCDC _change.shtml CAPCOA API PEW

31 Please Join Us: Health Risk Assessments for Airborne Emissions 101 August 22, Acknowledgements: Image Sources Slide Slide 8 - Microsoft Office Clip Art Slide 9 - Microsoft Office Clip Art Slide php - Slide

32 Acknowledgements: Image Sources Slide Slide Slide Acknowledgements: Image Sources Slide Slide Microsoft Office Clip Art Slide Slide Microsoft Office Clip Art 64 32

33 Acknowledgements: Image Sources Slide Slide Slide Slide 46 - Microsoft Office Clip Art Slide Slide Acknowledgements: Image Sources Slide