First-Year Progress Report

Transcription

1 1EPA United States Environmental Protetion Ageny Solid Waste and Emergeny Response (5306W) EPA530-R September 1995 First-Year Progress Report 3M Abbott Laboratories Auson Corp. Admiral Fell Inn Advaned Miro Devies Aetna Life and Casualty Insurane AG Proessing Aligned Fiber Composites Allhem Servies Allergan Alyeska Pipeline Servie Amerian Eletri Power Servie Corp. Amerian Standard Amerian Airlines Amerilean Environmental Servies Amerian Iron & Supply Co. Amgen AMP, In. Amsted Industries Andrew Corp. Anheuser-Bush Companies, In. Anheuser-Bush, In. Apple Computer ARAMARK Aradian Corp. ARCO Alaska ASARCO Assoiated Industries AT&T Avondale Mills Baltimore Gas & Eletri Bank of Ameria Barnett Banks BASF Corp. Bath Iron Works Battelle Memorial Institute Baxter International Bell Atlanti Teleommuniations Bethlehem Corp. BellSouth Corp. BellSouth Steel Better-world B.F. Goodrih Airraft Evauation Systems Browning-Ferris Industries Blount Boeing Co. Bridging the Gap Brown-Forman Corp. Burlington Industries Bush Entertainment Corp. Campbell Taggart, In. Canon USA Cape Environmental Management Celestial Harmonies Center for Applied Engineering Chrysler CIGNA CITGO Petroleum Corp. Citizens Against Government Redundany City Market The Clorox Co. The Coa-Cola Co. Cole-Parmer Presbyterian Medial Center Columbia/HCA Greenview Commonwealth Edison Compaq Computer Corp. Cone Laundry Servie Coors Brewing Co. Copland Agriultural Pakaging Crown Cork & Seal Materials Dan River Deposit Guaranty Diret Marketing Managers of Hawaii Head Brewings & Eats Don Clay Instrument Co. Colonial Pipeline Columbia Hospital Commere Bank of St. Louis Mills Corp. Consumers Power Co. Cooperative Fabris & Copland, In. Courier Times Creative Co. CSX Transportation Cyte Engineered National Bank Detroit Edison Co. Fleetwood Photo Dixie Yarns Dogfish Assoiates Dow Corning The DuPont Merk Pharmaeutial Co. Dyersburg Fabris, In. Eagle Uniform and Linen Supply Eastman Kodak Corp. East Wenathee Chamber of Commere Eduational E. I. dupont de Nemours & Co., In. Eli Development Speialists EG&G, In. Lilly & Co. El Paso Natural Gas Enserh Corp. Environmental Engineering Consultants ESCOD Industries, In. E-Systems Federal Express Corp. Freddie Ma Fannie Mae Fidelity Federal Bank Fingerhut Corp. First Commere Corp. of Louisiana First Virginia Banks First National Bank & Trust Co. of the Treasure Coast Fleabusters Fleet Finanial Group Florida Power & Light Florida Power Corp. Ford Motor Co. Fort Howard Corp. For The Future Fovil Manufaturing Co. Frigidaire Co. Fuji Tru Color Galey & Lord Industries General Mills, In. General Motors Georgia-Paifi Gerster Farms Getting to Know You Intl. Houlihan s Restaurant Group The Gillette Co. Gilroy Foods Goulds Pumps The Glass Pakaging Institute Green Gables Inn & Restaurant GreenDisk Green Hotels Assoiation Grote Industries, In. GZA GeoEnvironmental, In. The Hall Chemial Co. HASBRO Haussner s Restaurant Hawkeye Food Systems Haworth Helene Curtis Industries Herman Miller Hewlett Pakard Co. HIE Corp. Hillenbrand Industries

2 Hill-Rom Co. Hoffman-La Rohe Holston Defense ICF In. IETI Illinois Power Co. Ingersoll-Rand Inland Steel Inman Mills Interstate Pallet Co. Johnson & Johnson Johnsons Department Store Kaiser Permanente Medial Center Kaman Aerospae Corp. Keep Texas Beautiful Kennametal, In. Kerr MGee Corp. Kethikan Pulp Co. La Cazuela Restaurant Lafarge Corp. Land O Lakes Larry s Markets Lever Brothers Corp. Link-Belt Constrution Equipment Co. Lokheed Commerial Eletronis Co. Long Island Lighting Co. Longwood Environmental Management In. Louisiana-Paifi Louisiana-Paifi Western Division LSI Logi Corp. LTV Steel Co. The Lubrizol Corp.- Corp HQ/Wikliffe R&D Fa. M. A. Hanna Co. Market Engineering, In. Marko Foam Produts, In. Marsh & MLennan Companies Martin Marietta Massahusetts Mutual Life Insurane Co. Maytag MBNA Corp. MDonald s Corp. MGill/Jensen Graphi Arts MLouis Restaurant Mellon Bank Meredes Benz of North Ameria Merle A. Nunemaker, D.D.S. Metal Container Corp. Metropolitan Lutheran Ministry Millipore Corp. Minnesota Chamber of Commere Minnesota Retail Merhants Assoiation Mission Ridge Mountain Corp. Mitsubishi Eletri Ameria Mobil Corp. Monsanto Co. Monsanto Co.-Luling Plant Monsanto Co. - Environmental Health Lab Morton International, In. Motorola Mt. Bahelor Ski Summer Resort Murphy Oil Corp. Nalo Chemial National Soft Drink Assoiation Navistar International Transporation NEC Eletronis NEPTCO, In. Neutron Industries The New Cherokee Corp. The New England Mutual Life Insurane Co. New York Life Insurane Co. MTA New York City Transit Nike Northern States Power Co. Northeast Utilities Servie Co. North Jersey Nursing Center NOVA Environmental Servies NYNEX Corp. OECO Corp. Offie Plan, In. Opp & Miolas Mills Oryx Energy Co. O Sullivan Corp. Paifi Gas and Eletri Parker-Hannifin Corp. Passai Beth Israel Hospital Patrik Engineering PECO Energy Pennzoil Co. Peoples Bank Pepsi-Cola Co. Perkin-Elmer Corp. Perry Restaurant Group Phelps Dodge Corp. Phoenix Home Life Mutual Insurane Co. Polaroid Powell Insurane Ageny The Proter & Gamble Co. Publi Servie Eletri & Gas Co. Pullman Power Produts Corp. Quaker State Corp. Radio Flyer, In. Reyled Offie Produts Co. Reyle Resoures In. Redwood Falls Hospital Regional Medial Center Rehrig Paifi Co. Republi National Bank Researh Mental Health Center Resoure Strategies Corp. Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Rokwell International Royal Crest Dairy Rumarson Tehnologies, In. (RTI) Russell Corp. Rust Geoteh Safety-Kleen Corp. Shlegel Corp. S.C. Johnson & Son Sott Paper Seagate Tehnology Searle & Co. Sentinel Communiations Co. Shell Oil Co. Signet Banking Corp. Sligo Adventist Shool Soiety Bank/Keyorp The Southern Co. Southern Mills Springs Industries Standard Register Equipment Plant State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurane Co. State Street Bank & Trust Steel Reyling Institute Sterling Chemials Stewart Connetor Systems St. Louis Refrigerator Car Co. St. Mary s Hospital Stone Container Corp. Stonyfield Farm Yogurt Sunbelt Sportswear Sonoo Produts Co. Target Stores Tesoro Petroleum Corp. Texao Texas Instruments Textile Rental Servies Assoiation The Apparel Group The Baldpate Inn The Body Shop The Coeur d Alenes Co. The Duriron Co. The Great A&P Tea Co. The Lubrizol Corp.- Painesville Manuf g Fa. The Marquette Hotel The Muralo Co. In. The Sear-Brown Group The West Bend Co. Thomson Consumer Eletronis Tidyman s Total Petroleum, In. Tunheim Santrizos Co. Union Carbide Corp. UNISYS Corp. United Tehnologies Corp. United Tehnologies Carrier United Srap Metal, In. University of Colorado University of Missouri University of MO Coop. Ext./4H Platte County UNUM Life Insurane Co. of Ameria U.S. CoExell USF&G Corp. U.S. Steel Clairton Works U.S. Steel Gary Works UTC Carrier Corporation VANEX, In. Veryfine Produts Viro Manufaturing Virginia Power Wal-Mart Stores Walt Disney World The Walt Disney Co. Warner-Lambert Washington Retail Assoiation WMX Tehnologies Weirton Steel Corp. Wellington Sears Co. Western Resoures Weyerhaeuser Wilmot & Assoiates Wilson Sporting Goods Wisonsin Tissue Xerox Zurn Industries

3 AMERICAN BUSINESSES WIN WITH WASTEWI$E EXCELLENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP EXCELLENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP AMERICAN BUSINESSES WIN WITH WASTEWI$E Contents Exeutive Summary 2 WasteWi$e Proteting the Environment Through Solid Waste Redution 4 WasteWi$e Partiipants A Refletion of Corporate Ameria 6 Measuring Suess WasteWi$e: The First Year 10 WasteWi$e Servies 20 What Does It Take To Be WasteWi$e? 24 Looking Ahead 1995 and Beyond 25

4 Exeutive Summary In January 1994, EPA launhed WasteWi$e a voluntary partnership program designed to help businesses find pratial methods for reduing muniipal solid waste. This report desribes the WasteWi$e program s eventful first year and shares the impressive results ahieved by WasteWi$e partners in Who Partiipates in WasteWi$e? WasteWi$e offers ompanies the flexibility to design waste redution programs that best meet their needs, so the program an suessfully aommodate a wide range of partiipants. Nearly 370 ompanies joined WasteWi$e in its first year. Partners are loated nationwide and span 35 different industry setors, from aerospae to utilities. Approximately one-third of WasteWi$e partners are Fortune 500 manufaturing or servie firms. To help spread the WasteWi$e message to more businesses, EPA launhed the WasteWi$e Endorser Program in Deember Endorsers are trade assoiations and other membership-based organizations that hampion the WasteWi$e program to their members. WasteWi$e has 26 Charter Endorsers, whih are demonstrating their industries ommitment to reduing waste Waste Redution Ahievements In 1994, WasteWi$e partners onserved more than 240,000 tons of material through waste prevention ativities and olleted nearly 1 million tons of material for reyling enough material to fill the Houston Astrodome five times! In addition, WasteWi$e partners helped strengthen the markets for olleted reylables by purhasing produts with reyled ontent. Waste Prevention Waste prevention (also alled soure redution) is a main fous of the WasteWi$e program. Waste prevention offers the greatest environmental benefits and provides substantial ost savings to businesses. Essentially, waste prevention means using less material to do the same job reduing waste before reyling. The waste prevention ations that onserved the greatest amount of materials were: reduing and reusing transport pakaging, suh as wood pallets and orrugated boxes; reduing primary produt pakaging; reduing or reusing materials in the manufature of produts; reduing the use of supplies, mainly paper; and donating or exhanging produts and materials. The materials onserved in greatest amounts by WasteWi$e partners were orrugated, wood, and ferrous metal. 2

5 Reylables Colletion Nearly all WasteWi$e partners reported expanding or improving ongoing reyling programs by eduating employees, performing ommunity outreah, or olleting new materials. Corrugated ontainers, ferrous metal, and aluminum and other nonferrous metals were reyled in the greatest amounts. Purhase or Manufature of Reyled Produts Colletively, WasteWi$e partners purhased over 20 different kinds of reyled produts: new produts made with reyled ontent and produts with an inreased amount of reyled ontent. Paper produts with reyled ontent were most ommonly purhased. To support their buy-reyled efforts, WasteWi$e ompanies established orporate poliies to purhase reyled produts wherever feasible, set goals to inrease the total amount spent on reyled produts, and worked with their suppliers to identify reyled produts that met their speifiations. Cost Savings For ompanies, partiipating in WasteWi$e makes good business sense. Solid waste redution an provide signifiant ost savings through redued purhasing, operating, and waste management osts. For example, Target Stores, a retail hain of more than 600 stores, saved $4.5 million in operating osts in 1994 by swithing to pakaging for lothing that requires muh less time to unpak and prepare for display. BankAmeria saved more than $1 million through its WasteWi$e initiatives to redue paper use, inluding printing ustomer statements on both sides of a page. Many ost-saving examples are noted in this report. Getting Involved As WasteWi$e moves beyond its inaugural year, EPA invites all leading ompanies to join in this exiting effort. Working in partnership, EPA and the business ommunity are demonstrating that voluntary approahes to environmental protetion yield tangible results. For partiipating businesses, those results an inlude real ost savings. The WasteWi$e program helps partiipating ompanies unover waste redution opportunities and set waste redution goals through a toll-free helpline, WasteWi$e representatives who provide assistane to partner ompanies, and a wide range of waste redution publiations, as well as other servies. EPA also provides reognition for individual ompanies and program suesses. For more information, all 800 EPA-WISE ( ). 3

6 EPA designed this program with business in mind. It s flexible. EPA gives you the freedom to make environmental improvements that make sense for your business. Bob Langert, Diretor of Environmental Affairs, MDonald s Corporation, EPA s First WasteWi$e Partner WasteWi$e Proteting the Environment Through Solid Waste Redution In reent years, the U.S. Environmental Protetion Ageny (EPA) has taken many innovative approahes to environmental protetion that have provided a more reative and flexible struture for ahieving environmental goals. The Ageny s Common Sense Initiative, pollution prevention demonstration projets, and an array of voluntary programs for businesses [see box on page 5] demonstrate EPA s ommitment to working in partnership with Amerian businesses and others to prevent pollution. The WasteWi$e program exemplifies these new approahes to ahieving environmental goals. Designed with extensive input from businesses and other stakeholders, WasteWi$e was enthusiastially reeived by the business ommunity at its launh in January The goal of the WasteWi$e program is to assist businesses in implementing ost-effetive ations to redue muniipal solid waste. Solid waste redution inludes waste prevention, reylables olletion, and the purhase or manufature of reyled produts. (The WasteWi$e program does not involve hazardous wastes or most industrial proess wastes.) Researh by EPA and others has shown that onserving materials through waste prevention and reyling saves energy and redues pollution, inluding emissions of gases that ontribute to global warming. Often, these benefits are ahieved early or upstream in a material s life yle. For example, eah ream of offie paper onserved through double-sided opying onserves resoures and energy and redues pollution (inluding greenhouse gases that ontribute to global warming). For ompanies, partiipating in WasteWi$e also makes good business sense. While other waste redution programs for businesses emphasize reyling and strengthening buy-reyled programs, the WasteWi$e program offers the first opportunity for many ompanies to share, learn about, or implement waste prevention efforts. Waste prevention, also alled soure redution, means using less material to get a job done. Waste prevention methods help reate less waste in the first plae, before reyling. Examples of waste prevention inlude reduing paper use and swithing to reusable pakaging. 4

7 Solid waste prevention an help businesses realize signifiant savings by reduing purhasing and waste management osts and inreasing operating effiieny. For example, Target Stores, a retail hain of more than 600 stores, saved $4.5 million in operating osts in 1994 by swithing to pakaging for lothing that requires muh less time to unpak and prepare for display. BankAmeria saved more than $1 million in 1994 through several WasteWi$e initiatives to redue paper onsumption, inluding printing ustomer statements on both sides of a page. Using the same tehnique with ustomer invoies, NYNEX ut paper and postage osts by more than $2.5 million in This report desribes the WasteWi$e program s eventful first year and highlights some of the leading ompanies and trade assoiations that are working with EPA to redue solid waste and improve the environment. The report also highlights WasteWi$e partners suesses in preventing waste, olleting reylables, and purhasing or manufaturing reyled produts. The report presents EPA s best estimate of waste prevented and reylables olleted as a diret result of ompany WasteWi$e goals. Most importantly, the report provides many examples of ost-saving waste redution ations that are being suessfully implemented by ompanies. We hope readers who are new to business waste redution will find many ideas in this report to spark their interest in starting a waste redution program in their own organization. Seleted EPA Voluntary Initiatives: 33/50 Green Lights Energy Star omputers and other equipment Climate Wise Water Allianes for Voluntary Effiieny (WAVE) Pestiide Environmental Stewardship Program Design for the Environment WasteWi$e-type initiatives serve us, our shareholders, and the environment. William Blakburn Vie President of Corporate Environmental Affairs and Chief Environmental Counsel, Baxter International In. 50

8 WasteWi$e Partiipants A Refletion of Corporate Ameria The WasteWi$e program has a broad and varied membership that reflets the makeup of orporate Ameria. Nearly 370 ompanies beame WasteWi$e partners in 1994, demonstrating their leadership in solid waste redution. WasteWi$e partners are loated nationwide and span 35 different industry setors. Colletively, WasteWi$e partners employ more than 4.5 million people. WasteWi$e offers ompanies the flexibility to design waste redution programs that best meet their needs. While the program is designed for large businesses, all U.S. ompanies are eligible to join. Large businesses in partiular are in an exellent position to redue solid waste beause of the vast quantity of materials they use and their ability to influene both suppliers and ustomers. Industry Setors Represented by WasteWi$e Partners Aerospae Airlines Banking, finanial, and savings Beverages Building materials Chemials and pharmaeutials Communiations Computers and offie equipment Consulting and researh servies Eduation Eletronis and eletronis equipment Entertainment Food and groery stores Forest produts Furniture Hotels and restaurants Industrial and farm equipment Insurane Medial servies Metals and metal produts Mining and rude oil prodution Motor vehiles and parts Petroleum refining Printing and publishing Religious organizations Retail Rubber and plastis produts Sientifi and photographi equipment Soaps and osmetis Textiles Toys and sporting goods Transportation Transportation equipment Utilities Waste management servies 60

9 WasteWi$e Partiipants WasteWi$e Partners by State, 1994 Partners WasteWi$e was launhed in early At the lose of the harter period (May 20, 1994), the program had 281 Charter Partners. A total of 368 ompanies had joined by the end of WasteWi$e partners inlude many of the ountry s leading manufaturers and servie firms, suh as the Inland Steel Company, The Boeing Company, and Amerian Airlines. About one-third of ompanies partiipating in WasteWi$e are Fortune 500 manufaturing or servie firms. Many WasteWi$e partners partiipate in other voluntary initiatives, demonstrating that their environmental leadership goes beyond solid waste redution. These programs inlude EPA s Green Lights and Energy Star programs, 33/50, and Climate Wise, as well as private programs suh as the National Reyling Coalition s Buy Reyled Business Alliane, the Coalition of Northeastern Governors pakaging hallenge, and the U.S. Conferene of Mayors National Offie Paper Reyling Projet. WasteWi$e allows ompanies to deide whih of their operations partiipate in the program. Some ompanies begin by enrolling seleted departments, manufaturing failities, or the headquarters offie in the program, adding segments of the ompany as the others realize results. The Battelle Memorial Institute, for example, enrolled its headquarters faility in the program the first year. Aording to Eddie Swindall, Environmental Support Manager at Battelle, During the ourse of the next year, Battelle antiipates inorporating other Battelle laboratories and 70

10 failities into the WasteWi$e program. Battelle started partiipating in WasteWi$e on a small sale, but we have been so pleased with the results that we are planning to expand our efforts. Beause of the diversity of its businesses, Anheuser-Bush Companies, In., opted for all of its major subsidiary ompanies to sign on as separate partners. The ompany s headquarters and breweries, as well as its subsidiaries Anheuser-Bush, In., Metal Container Corporation, St. Louis Refrigerator Car Company, Bush Entertainment Corp., and Campbell Taggart, In., are all WasteWi$e partners; eah sets goals and reports its ahievements separately. Other ompanies have opted for their entire organizations to sign on to WasteWi$e. For example, Amerian Standard, In., joined the WasteWi$e program as a whole, with nearly all of its U.S. failities partiipating in the first year. Endorsers To help spread the WasteWi$e message to more businesses, EPA launhed the WasteWi$e Endorser Program in Deember Endorsers are trade assoiations and other membership-based organizations that hampion the WasteWi$e program to their members. WasteWi$e endorsers ommit to reruiting their member ompanies to join WasteWi$e and providing their members with ongoing information about waste redution strategies. Endorsers have omplete flexibility in designing these ativities to best meet their industries needs. EPA provides assistane as needed to help endorsers plan and implement their efforts. In early 1995, 26 Charter Endorsers signed on to demonstrate their strong ommitment to reduing waste and helping their members save money. Together, these organizations represent thousands of ompanies and a diverse mix of industry setors. Many WasteWi$e endorsers have stimulated extensive partiipation in WasteWi$e among their memberships. The Amerian Textile Manufaturers Institute, for example, has 140 members, 22 of whih are WasteWi$e partners. The Edison Eletri Institute also has enouraged its members to partiipate; 21 utilities are urrently WasteWi$e partners. The metals and metal produts industry is represented by three WasteWi$e endorsers the Amerian Iron and Steel Institute, the Steel Manufaturers Assoiation, and the Steel Reyling Institute as well as 21 individual WasteWi$e partners. Together, EPA and WasteWi$e endorsers will help many more businesses find ost-effetive ways to redue solid waste. 8

11 Initial endorser efforts have foused on spreading the WasteWi$e message to businesses. For example, endorsers have shared the waste redution message with their members by: featuring waste redution suess stories in trade assoiation newsletters; sponsoring WasteWi$e workshops at annual meetings; featuring how-to information from urrent WasteWi$e partners; reommending that ompanies join WasteWi$e as part of an assoiation s environmental exellene program; and mailing information to ompanies enouraging them to undertake new waste prevention efforts in their produts or manufaturing proesses. Future endorser efforts may emphasize sharing hands-on tehnial information that an help businesses maximize the effetiveness of their waste redution program and learn from the experiene of other ompanies. Charter Endorsers Amerian Iron and Steel Institute Amerian Plastis Counil Amerian Textile Manufaturers Institute Assoiation of Ohio Reylers Business and Institutional Furniture Manufaturers Assoiation Diret Marketing Assoiation, In. Edison Eletri Institute Eletroni Industries Assoiation Food Marketing Institute Foodservie & Pakaging Institute Glass Pakaging Institute Green Hotels Assoiation Groery Manufaturers of Ameria Institute of Pakaging Professionals National Assoiation for Environmental Management National Assoiation of Photographi Manufaturers, In. National Automobile Dealers Assoiation National Retail Federation National Soft Drink Assoiation National Wooden Pallet and Container Assoiation Newspaper Assoiation of Ameria Polystyrene Pakaging Counil Steel Manufaturers Assoiation Steel Reyling Institute Virginia Reyling Assoiation The Vinyl Institute 9

12 What started out as a nie thing to do for the environment ended up saving an impressive amount of money. Jim Oberndorfer, Manager, Failities Operations, Perkin-Elmer Corporation Measuring Suess WasteWi$e: The First Year Thanks to the ambitious efforts of WasteWi$e partners in 1994, more than 240,000 tons of materials were onserved through waste prevention, and nearly 1 million tons of materials were olleted for reyling. In addition, WasteWi$e partners helped reate stronger markets for olleted reylables by purhasing 23 different kinds of produts made from reyled materials. EPA ongratulates all of the WasteWi$e partners on these impressive ahievements. The materials onserved through WasteWi$e partners waste prevention efforts ould fill the Houston Astrodome, while reylables olleted ould fill the Astrodome nearly four times. 10

13 The 1994 figures indiate businesses enormous potential to divert materials from the waste stream. This potential is most evident when the individual ontributions of some of the larger WasteWi$e partners are examined. Through waste prevention ations, the Pepsi-Cola Company, Chrysler, Stone Container, and Xerox eah eliminated from 45 million to more than 100 million pounds of waste in If all Fortune 500 manufaturing firms joined WasteWi$e and ahieved waste redution results in this range, the total materials onserved would exeed 19 million tons per year, or 9 perent of all muniipal solid waste generated in the United States! This level of waste redution ould save U.S. businesses billions of dollars eah year. Taking a loser look at the aggregate figures reported by WasteWi$e ompanies for 1994 reveals several interesting aspets of business solid waste redution. First, the amount of material olleted for reyling is onsiderably greater than the amount of material onserved through waste prevention. Waste prevention, also alled soure redution, means using less material to get a job done. Waste prevention methods help reate less waste in the first plae, before reyling. Reported waste prevention amounts may be lower beause waste prevention efforts are just getting under way in many ompanies, and systems for traking and measuring the amount of waste prevented are less developed than those for reyling. Reyling programs, on the other hand, are well established and easily measurable. Furthermore, in most ases reyling figures reflet total ompany reyling efforts, while waste prevention figures reflet only a ompany s three WasteWi$e waste prevention goals. Many of the materials that WasteWi$e partners reyle in large amounts ould be signifiantly redued through waste prevention efforts. Waste prevention usually offers ost savings and environmental benefits even greater than those ahieved through reyling. For example: NYNEX saved $2.5 million in 1994 through its waste prevention ativities, whih inluded printing ustomer telephone bills on both sides of the page. Quaker State hanged the shape of its motor oil bottle from round to retangular. This alteration enabled the ompany to redue the use of orrugated material in its asing by 15 perent, whih will save approximately $600,000 annually. LSI Logi Corporation saved $500,000 in 1994 by dereasing paper usage (by using eletroni mail and smaller data sheets) and implementing other WasteWi$e ativities. EPA asked the 290 partners that joined WasteWi$e before August 1, 1994, to report their progress for the year. A total of 170 WasteWi$e partners submitted annual reports. WasteWi$e partners that did not report 1994 ativities were unable to do so El Paso Natural Gas redued the use of white offie paper by 100,000 pounds by promoting double-sided opies, eletroni mail, eletroni bulletin boards, and ompany newsletters for interoffie ommuniation. 11

14 either beause they were still in the early stages of assessing waste redution opportunities and identifying ompany goals or beause they had begun implementing their waste redution programs but did not yet have measurable results. Further, of those ompanies submitting reports, some were unable to measure results for eah ativity. In the disussion that follows, the number of ompanies noted is the number that reported making progress in the partiular waste prevention ativity; the number of ompanies reporting atual measurements for that ativity is slightly smaller in most ases. EPA expets that, as ompanies progress further in their waste redution and measurement efforts, a greater portion of WasteWi$e ompanies will be able to report results for 1995 and subsequent years. Waste Prevention Of the ompanies that reported on their WasteWi$e results, 140 ompanies reported speifially on waste prevention ativities. In total, these ativities eliminated more than 240,000 tons of waste. Figure 1 depits the reported waste prevention ativities that onserved the greatest amount of materials. Figure 1 Major Waste Prevention Ativities by WasteWi$e Partners in 1994 All Figures in Tons Number of ompanies reflets those reporting waste prevention progress for that ativity. 12

15 Figure 2 shows the top materials onserved through waste prevention ativities. Corrugated is the single largest omponent of ommerial solid waste and was also the material onserved in greatest amounts through ompany waste prevention ativities. To ahieve these redutions, WasteWi$e partners redued the weight of the pakaging, reused it, or replaed orrugated with more durable ontainers. Judging by the amount of orrugated that WasteWi$e partners olleted for reyling and by the lear potential for reduing use of this material in the first plae through waste prevention efforts, orrugated ontainers represent a waste prevention and ost-saving opportunity for many ompanies. Ferrous metals were redued by WasteWi$e partners through hanges in produt design, ontainer lightweighting, and improved prodution effiienies. Wood pallets are generated in large numbers by businesses and these were redued through repair and reuse or replaement with more durable pallets. Figure 2 Materials Conserved Through Waste Prevention by WasteWi$e Partners in 1994 All Figures in Tons Number of ompanies in parentheses are those reporting waste prevention figures for that material. 13

16 Top Waste Prevention Ativities The following waste prevention ativities implemented by WasteWi$e partners in 1994 resulted in substantial redutions in waste. Redue or reuse transport pakaging In 1994, 51 WasteWi$e ompanies foused on reduing or reusing transport pakaging, suh as wood pallets and orrugated boxes. Together, WasteWi$e partners onserved more than 137,900 tons (275 million pounds) of materials through more effiient transport systems, pakaging redesign, and pakaging reuse. At Navistar International Transportation Corporation, used orrugated boxes are olleted and sold to seleted vendors. The ompany also uses returnable ontainers and works with its vendors to redue pakaging materials and reuse orrugated boxes whenever possible. These praties onserved 3.2 million pounds of orrugated. In addition, Navistar onserved 2.9 million pounds of wood by olleting wood pallets and returning them to vendors, reusing them, selling them, or repairing them at off-site loations. By replaing one-way orrugated shippers with reusable plasti ases, the Pepsi-Cola Company redued orrugated use by 101 million pounds. A projet to redue the dimensions of lumber used to make two types of standard pallets onserved 5.6 million pounds of wood for Eastman Kodak Company. Kodak also hanged produt staking patterns and pakaging to ship the same amount of produt on fewer standard pallets. This projet eliminated 1.8 million pounds of wood that otherwise would have been used to make pallets. Kodak saved more than $380,000 implementing these projets. Perkin-Elmer, a manufaturer of analytial, environmental, and life siene systems, instituted a return program to redue and reuse orrugated boxes. The ompany found that it ould reuse returned boxes and pakaging up to five times before reyling them, so they offered to pay for shipping if ustomers returned the pakaging. Although the program is new, ustomers are returning 28 perent of the pakaging, and the ompany has saved $95,000 thus far. Redue or reuse materials assoiated with manufaturing produts Nineteen WasteWi$e partners reported that they redued waste in their manufaturing proesses. By reduing pakaging weight (lightweighting), swithing to more effiient proesses, and reusing materials, WasteWi$e partners redued the waste assoiated with produt manufaturing by 77,300 tons (155 million pounds) in

17 Stone Container Corporation dereased orrugated ontainer manufaturing waste by more than 40 million pounds by redesigning produts to eliminate waste during manufaturing, lightweighting, and reusing fibers reovered from waste water. Ingersoll Rand, a heavy-equipment manufaturer, redued the volume of ferrous metal shavings being landfilled by 520,000 pounds through improvements in its manufaturing proess. Xerox Corporation aepts used opiers from its ustomers, disassembles them, and reuses or remanufatures as many parts as possible in making new produts. Xerox has reused 50 million pounds of metals and 2.5 million pounds of plasti materials from its U.S. failities. Redue the use of primary pakaging In 1994, 14 WasteWi$e partners redued primary pakaging by more than 9,500 tons (19 million pounds) by lightweighting the materials used or eliminating produt pakaging altogether. S.C. Johnson & Son, In., redued primary pakaging by more than 12 million pounds by reduing both ferrous and plasti pakaging of produts by 25 perent. For example, the ompany lightweighted by 10 perent the 12-oune and 2-liter plasti ontainers for a liquid leaning produt. Land O Lakes redued primary pakaging by nearly 500,000 pounds. The ompany ahieved this redution by eliminating paperboard sleeves on 16-oune margarine-spread tubs, onverting foodservie and deli heese overwrap to a lighter weight material, and reduing the pakage length for a proessed heese produt. Proter & Gamble designed new pakaging for ooking oil that will eliminate 2.5 million pounds per year of plasti and 1.3 million pounds per year of orrugated material. Crown Cork & Seal Company, a pakaging manufaturer, eliminated 48 million pounds of steel and aluminum by lightweighting the ans it produes. Redue the use of supplies Thirty-eight ompanies reported taking steps to redue their use of high-grade paper, onserving a total of 3.4 million pounds of white paper. Seventeen partners initiated ations to redue their use of mixed paper (e.g., diret mail and interoffie envelopes), onserving an additional 9.9 million pounds of paper. Companies estimated reduing the use of paper or other supplies by a total of 8,600 tons (17.2 million pounds). 15

18 MDonald s redued low density polyethylene (LDPE) usage by 2.1 million pounds by swithing to a redesigned trash bag that is both stronger and thinner. Chrysler s Information Systems Print Redution Team redued the number of pages the ompany printed by 10 perent from the previous year. This eliminated approximately 15 million pages of print the equivalent of 150,000 pounds of paper. BankAmeria onserved 1.4 million pounds of paper through a omprehensive waste redution program. The bank instituted a duplexing poliy and reinfored it through employee eduation; began printing aount reoniliation information on the bak of heking aount statements, rather than on a separate page; and replaed proedure manuals in bank branhes with a ombination of a ondensed referene library in the branhes and a telephone support enter. These paper redution measures saved BankAmeria more than $1 million. Donate produts/materials Donating not only helps redue solid waste but also benefits the ommunity. Seventeen WasteWi$e partners reported donating produts and materials, onserv- Savings Measure Up Measuring the suess of waste redution efforts enables ompanies to identify whih ations are most ost-effetive and to share suesses with employees, management, and shareholders. For example, Dow Corning Corporation used a simple alulation to estimate that it onserved more than 1.7 million pounds of material through repair and reuse of wood pallets, thus saving $530,000. Measuring your efforts allows you to ontinuously improve your waste redution program. You disover further opportunities to ut osts and are able to share your suesses with others, explained Dow Corning s Senior Reyling Coordinator, Kim Hohisel. When aggregated, as in this report, these ompany estimates demonstrate the magnitude of the environmental results that voluntary efforts an ahieve and suggest the enormous potential for other businesses to prevent waste, reyle, and inrease the use of reyled produts. While estimating the amount of materials olleted for reyling is straightforward, waste prevention measurement is a new and evolving area. Ease of measurement varies based on eah ompany s waste prevention ativities and existing traking systems. To assist WasteWi$e partners and other ompanies in measuring their waste prevention efforts, EPA is developing ase studies and pratial methods that an be readily adapted to an individual ompany s irumstanes. EPA will be sharing this information through 1995 and beyond. 16

19 Figure 3 Materials Reyled by WasteWi$e Partners in 1994 (WasteWi$e & Non-WasteWi$e Ativities) All Figures in Tons Number below the bar is the number of ompanies reporting figures for that material. Perentages are based on a total of 956,684 tons of material olleted for reyling. (Due to rounding, the sum of individual material values may vary from the total.) Non-ferrous inludes aluminum; other materials inlude batteries, tires, and telephone diretories. ing 800 tons (1.6 million pounds) of materials. Donations inluded furniture, building materials, surplus supplies, and exess food. Tidyman s groery stores donated 208,000 pounds of leftover food to loal hurhes and food banks. State Street Bank & Trust Company salvaged two trukloads of arpeting, lights, eiling tiles, and abinets from a demolition projet and donated the materials to a United Way ageny for reuse in a housing projet. The reuse of these materials diverted 70,000 pounds of waste from disposal; the materials were valued at approximately $20,000. Baxter International In. donated 950,000 pounds of surplus or short-dated medial supplies and equipment, worth more than $11 million, to nonprofit organizations. Reylables Colletion Of the ompanies reporting, 159 reported on efforts to ollet reylables. WasteWi$e partners reyled more than 956,000 tons (1.9 billion pounds) of material in Muh of this amount is attributable to ongoing ompany reyling programs, whih were expanded or improved as part of ompany WasteWi$e goals. For example, partners expanded programs through employee eduation and ommunity outreah and by adding new materials where markets for them existed. Beause WasteWi$e reyling goals took many forms and were often integrated into overall reyling efforts, the amount of materials olleted speifially as a result of WasteWi$e ativity was diffiult to extrat from overall 1994 reyling figures. Many ompanies did not attempt to differentiate reylables olleted for WasteWi$e goals from total reylables olleted in Based on 17

20 Unusual Materials Colleted for Reyling by WasteWi$e Partners Burlap animal beedbags (Dow Corning) Utility poles and wood able reels (Baltimore Gas & Eletri) Porelain insulators (Florida Power Corporation) those that were able to make this distintion, a minimum estimate is that more than 61,700 tons of materials were olleted as a diret result of WasteWi$e goals. As illustrated in Figure 3, the materials reyled in the highest amounts were orrugated ontainers/boxes (304,347 tons), ferrous metals (189,451 tons), and aluminum/other nonferrous metals (187,026 tons). In 1994, several WasteWi$e partners expanded reyling efforts by building partnerships within their ommunities: Opp and Miolas Mills helped a loal elementary shool start a reyling program and began hauling the shool s white paper to a reyling faility. The ompany is working toward reahing an agreement with the loal newspaper offie to transport its disarded newspapers, along with the ompany s own paper, to a reyling faility in a nearby town. Viro Manufaturing helped a loal shool s reyling program raise money for a trip to Spae amp. Viro also allows vendors to deposit their orrugated material at Viro for reyling. Bell Atlanti shared responsibility for reyling old telephone diretories with numerous loal governments throughout the mid-atlanti states. Purhase or Manufature of Reyled Produts WasteWi$e partners helped stimulate the market for reovered materials by expanding their purhases of reyled-ontent produts. Eighty-five partners purhased new produts made with reyled ontent, and 54 partners purhased produts with an inreased amount of reyled ontent. (Some ompanies did both.) Colletively, WasteWi$e partners purhased 23 different kinds of reyled produts. It was diffiult for many ompanies to estimate the additional amount spent in 1994 on reyled produts. Many ompanies did report on their ativities, however. To kik off their buy-reyled efforts, many ompanies established orporate poliies to purhase reyled produts wherever feasible. Safety-Kleen Corporation set a goal to inrease the amount of money spent on The WasteWi$e program inreased our awareness of avenues for buying reyled produts and showed us new ways to minimize solid waste. 18 Rod Rehwinkel, Corporate Exeutive Chef Perry Restaurant Group

21 reyled produts by 10 perent annually. Several ompanies worked with their suppliers to identify reyled produts that meet their speifiations. The Coa- Cola Company works with its suppliers to ensure that speifi levels of reyled ontent are used in the manufature of its pakaging. U.S. Steel s Gary Works faility is working with suppliers to inrease the postonsumer ontent in several produts it purhases, suh as janitorial and offie supplies. The Walt Disney Company enourages its vendors to arry more reyled produts, and the ompany s paper buyers investigate new or alternative reyled papers for print jobs, inluding annual reports, advertising materials, internal newsletters, orporate forms, business ards, and tikets. WasteWi$e partners most frequently purhased reyled-ontent paper produts [see box]. Several ompanies found more unusual reyled produts to meet their needs, however, suh as: Plasti pini tables (Monsanto) Rubber ground over for playgrounds (Amgen) Conrete speed bumps (Amgen) Paper straws (Perry Restaurant Group) Several WasteWi$e partners that also partiipate in the National Reyling Coalition s Buy Reyled Business Alliane made exeptional ontributions by devoting substantial resoures to purhasing a variety of reyled produts. These ompanies and the total amount eah spent in 1994 on reyled produts are: Amerian Airlines ($79 million), Bell Atlanti Corporation ($41 million), DuPont ($80 million), MDonald s Corporation ($309 million), and The Walt Disney Company ($30 million). Six WasteWi$e partners hose the optional goal of inreasing the amount of postonsumer material in the produts they manufature. A few highlights: Stone Container Corporation inreased the amount of postonsumer material in its paper and paperboard prodution from 36 to 38 perent. This inreased its total use of postonsumer material to over 2 million tons in Xerox Corporation used 25 perent postonsumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the manufature of transparenies. Coors Brewing Company used 85 million pounds of postonsumer aluminum to manufature ans in Reyled Produts Most Frequently Purhased by WasteWi$e Partners Copier paper Printer/omputer paper Stationery (letterhead, business ards, envelopes) Paper towels Toilet paper Toner artridges Folders Corrugated ontainers/boxes Pakaging material/filler Brown/mixed paper envelopes (e.g., interoffie envelopes) 19

22 WasteWi$e Servies The WasteWi$e program offers several forms of assistane for partiipating ompanies to help them disover waste redution opportunities and set waste redution goals. WasteWi$e Helpline (800-EPA-WISE) EPA established a toll-free helpline to ommuniate with WasteWi$e partners and others interested in the program. Staffed by WasteWi$e information speialists, the helpline an answer both general program questions and speifi tehnial questions on waste redution. Helpline staff have aess to an extensive library as well as a ompendium ontaining urrent information about waste redution resoures nationwide. In the program s first year, the WasteWi$e Helpline responded to more than 1,700 alls. WasteWi$e Representatives Upon joining the program, a new WasteWi$e partner is assigned a WasteWi$e representative. WasteWi$e representatives are available to provide individual assistane to partner ompanies. WasteWi$e representatives an help ompanies establish their goals and omplete their Annual Reporting Forms, and they are on all to provide tehnial assistane. WasteWi$e Workshops Through early 1995, EPA sponsored 14 WasteWi$e workshops nationwide that were attended by more than 500 partiipants. EPA plans to ondut additional workshops through 1996 to share waste redution experienes and advie among WasteWi$e partners and other organizations interested in the program. The workshops typially feature presentations by partners on topis suh as starting a waste redution team, getting employees involved, measuring results, and onduting waste assessments. Workshops also have an interative omponent in whih small groups brainstorm waste redution ideas based on atual ompany ase studies. Several WasteWi$e partners have generously shared their time and experienes by making a presentation at a WasteWi$e workshop. Presenters at Reent WasteWi$e Workshops: Advaned Miro Devies, Allergan, Anheuser-Bush, Hallmark, Hewlett-Pakard, NYNEX, Pepsi-Cola General Bottlers, Perkin-Elmer, Polaroid Corporation, Target Stores, Tidyman s, Xerox. 20 0

23 Waste Redution Publiations In 1994, the WasteWi$e program distributed more than 10,000 publiations to its partners and other interested parties. In addition to an introdutory booklet that desribes the program, WasteWi$e partners reeive the following: Waste Prevention Pays Off: Companies Cut Waste in the Workplae. This booklet highlights the suessful waste prevention strategies of ompanies that have realized substantial ost savings. Business Guide for Reduing Solid Waste. This omprehensive handbook offers how-to suggestions for onduting a waste assessment and designing a waste redution program. Tip Sheets. These provide suint, pratial information on the following topis: faility waste assessments, waste prevention, reylables olletion, and the purhase or manufature of produts with reyled ontent. EPA develops additional tip sheets as needed. Reyled Produts Guide (RPG). To help its partners loate produts made with reyled ontent, WasteWi$e distributes a ondensed version of the Reyled Produts Guide to all partiipating ompanies. This privately published guide lists hundreds of U.S. manufaturers and distributors of reyled produts. On-line information from this guide is also available via the WasteWi$e Helpline. (WasteWi$e also distributes a separate listing of other reyled-produt diretories.) WasteWi$e Update Newsletter and WasteWi$e Bulletin. EPA publishes the WasteWi$e Update three times a year to showase partner suesses in preventing waste and traking progress. The Update is distributed to all WasteWi$e partners and endorsers and to thousands of interested parties outside the program. The WasteWi$e Bulletin, a single page of news published bimonthly, is designed to inform partners and endorsers about urrent program news. Both publiations also provide referrals to other resoures as well as tehnial information. WasteWi$e Peer Exhange Network The WasteWi$e Peer Exhange Network is a new servie in whih WasteWi$e partners an diretly share information and experienes in implementing waste redution ativities. To partiipate, partners omplete a simple form indiating the type of information they need or have to share. EPA then failitates a math between two or more ompanies. Thus far, more than 30 ompanies have expressed interest in either reeiving or sharing waste redution information. 21

24 Publi Reognition Generating publi awareness of the benefits of partners waste redution ativities is a major funtion of the WasteWi$e program. EPA draws attention to the WasteWi$e program through a variety of ativities. These ativities highlight the program as a whole, as well as the suesses of individual partners. Highlighting the WasteWi$e Program EPA publiizes the WasteWi$e program so that the publi understands the signifiane of ompanies partiipation in WasteWi$e. EPA s goal is that the WasteWi$e logo will be reognized as a symbol of environmental leadership. EPA onduts publiity ativities for major program events, suh as the release of this report, the initial program invitation, the launhing of the endorser program, the Endorser Roundtable, and the program s inaugural event held at the National Press Club in July Furthermore, the WasteWi$e program reeives overage in a wide range of business and trade publiations, as well as in EPA publiations suh as Reusable News, Pollution Prevention News, and the EPA Journal. In the future, EPA plans to enourage further publi reognition of the program by plaing publi servie announements in key business and trade journals. 22

25 Reognizing Individual Companies EPA also reognizes the efforts of individual WasteWi$e partners by featuring their waste redution suesses in WasteWi$e workshops and presentations, the annual progress report, the WasteWi$e Update, and other EPA ase studies. Furthermore, several partner ompanies were featured in independently produed video news releases (VNR) on the WasteWi$e program. Speifi features of eah ompany s waste redution efforts were highlighted in the VNR series, whih aired to an audiene of millions via publi broadasting and ommerial television networks. Companies an also highlight their partiipation in WasteWi$e by using the WasteWi$e logo or through press releases and employee newsletters. 23

26 What Does It Take To Be WasteWi$e? In joining WasteWi$e, partners ommit to implementing or expanding a solid waste redution program. There are three omplementary omponents to the program: waste prevention, reylables olletion, and the purhase or manufature of reyled produts. As a first step, EPA enourages partner ompanies to examine their operating and purhasing praties and to identify ost-effetive opportunities for waste redution. Partners then establish pratial and measurable goals, whih have been tailored to their individual irumstanes, in eah of the three program areas. Partners monitor their progress and report annually to EPA on their aomplishments. Eah year, ompanies reexamine their efforts and set new goals, as appropriate, to expand and enhane their waste redution ativities. EPA is available to provide tehnial assistane and information to help ompanies establish goals, implement programs, and monitor progress. Waste Prevention Waste prevention (also alled soure redution) is a ritial element of the WasteWi$e program. Waste prevention offers the greatest environmental benefits and provides substantial ost savings to businesses. Waste prevention means using less material to do the same job, utting waste before reyling. WasteWi$e partners ommit to implementing three signifiant waste prevention ativities of their hoie and report annually on the amount of waste they avoided. Reylables Colletion WasteWi$e partners ommit to initiating, expanding, or improving ompany programs to ollet reylables. In some ases, ompanies add new materials to an existing program, or they inrease program effiieny through ativities suh as employee eduation or ommunity outreah. WasteWi$e partners urrently reyle an impressive array of materials, inluding orrugated, aluminum, steel, paper, plasti, wood, organis, and glass. Purhase or Manufature of Reyled Produts Many produts in the marketplae ontain materials reovered from the solid waste stream. These produts are often pried ompetitively with produts made from virgin materials. Nonmanufaturing WasteWi$e partners ommit to inreasing the overall reyled ontent in the produts they purhase, either by purhasing reyled produts in lieu of virgin produts or by inreasing the reyled ontent in those reyled produts that they already buy. Manufaturers may either inrease the perentage of postonsumer ontent in the produts they make or inrease the reyled ontent in the produts they purhase. Traking Progress and Reporting Results By Marh 1 of eah year, WasteWi$e partners submit to EPA a brief report on their waste redution aomplishments for the preeding alendar year. Partners are asked to quantify waste prevented, materials reyled, and the additional amount spent (from the preeding year) on produts with inreased reyled ontent. Manufaturers also report the inreased amount of postonsumer ontent used in the produts they manufatured. WasteWi$e partners are enouraged to share ost savings that resulted from their waste redution programs. For more information all the WasteWi$e helpline at EPA-WISE 24