Biomass applications for District Heating

Transcription

1 Biomass applications for District Heating District Heating / Cooling and Waste to Energy Convention of South/East Europe Municipalities Vienna, / DI Felix Eckert

2 Content Typical solid biomass HoB CHP Justification for cogeneration Sizing CHP Technology Demand controlled heating Sample projects CES / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 2

3 Typical solid biomass Wood: forrest wood, waste wood, plantations: chips, pellets, saw dust, logs, barks, Straw: crop-straw, corn-stalks, Other residuals: husks, bush cutting, animal litter, / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 3

4 HoB or CHP (Criteria for Heating only boilers vs. cogeneration) Incentive feed in tariff Availability of biomass: CHP = 3 x HoB Investment: CHP = 3 x HoB Size: CHP > 2 MW el Grid connection, distance to substation Available space Summer operation / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 4

5 CHP Principle Exergy: ( available usefull energy) h_ex= (40 x 100% + 80 x 12%) / 200 = 24% h_ex = (40 x 100% + 40 x 12%) / 100 = 44,8% / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 5

6 Justification for (biomass) cogeneration EU target : energy demand, CO 2, REN Saving of primary energy Substitution of fossile fuel (other thermal power plants) Utilisation of local ressources EU promotion of cogeneration Incentive feed in tarif Incentive for high efficiency cogeneration / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 6

7 Sizing Based on heat demand Annual load duration curve Cover only base or part load (heat) Electricity for feed in (industry: own demand) Impact of size on economy: Economy of scale Share of heat production Feed in tarif scheme / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 7

8 Baseline/forecast / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 8

9 25,000 kwt annual load duration curve 5,000 kwe 4,500 kwe 20,000 kwt 15,000 kwt Biomass CHP Natural gas boiler P_el CHP 4,000 kwe 3,500 kwe 3,000 kwe 2,500 kwe 10,000 kwt 2,000 kwe 1,500 kwe 5,000 kwt 1,000 kwe 500 kwe 0 kwt 0 kwe / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 9

10 25,000 kwt annual load duration curve + buffer 5,000 kwe 4,500 kwe 20,000 kwt 15,000 kwt Biomass CHP Natural gas boiler bufffer storage P_el CHP 4,000 kwe 3,500 kwe 3,000 kwe 2,500 kwe 10,000 kwt 2,000 kwe 1,500 kwe 5,000 kwt 1,000 kwe 500 kwe 0 kwt 0 kwe / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 10

11 Combustion CHP Technologies Firing: Moving/vibrating grate firing bubbling fluidised bed boiler Circulating fluidised bed boiler Steam cycle: shell type/ smoke tube boiler Water tube boiler ORC Organic Rankine cycle: Thermal oil boiler Anaerobic digestion = Biogas fuelled CHP Gasification Biodiesel fuelled CHP / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 11

12 Moving grate Bertsch CFB - Circulating bed BFB - Bubblig bed Andritz / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 12

13 Thermodynamic basis of the water/steam cycle Steam turbine Condenser Boiler / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 13

14 Steam turbines Backpressure turbine Condensing turbine Condensing turbine with tap point Extraction condensing turbine Reheat turbine / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 14

15 Different water/steam cycle designs 1. Back pressure steam turbine cycle / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 15

16 Different water/steam cycle designs 2. Condensing steam turbine cycle (with or without turbine tap point) / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 16

17 Different water/steam cycle designs 3. Extraction condensing turbine / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 17

18 Re-heat turbine For cycles with high live steam parameter (p,t). This prevents the vapor from condensing during its expansion (limit x = 0,85) which can seriously damage the turbine blades. Advantage: Improves the electrical efficiency of the cycle. Today for larger units with feed in tariff systems a MUST DO condition x = m_steam / m_total / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 18

19 Cold end Wet bulb dry temperature / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 19

20 Air cooler (dry) Intermediate water-glycol cycle Possible usage for low temperature heat Clean closed system Operates with dry temperature => lower total efficiency / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 20

21 Air condenser (dry) Direct condensation of steam No temperature difference in condenser, lower condensation pressure No pumps, low electrical consumption Highest investment / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 21

22 Wet cooling tower Highest efficiency Cheapest solution Water demand and costs Water treatment, dosing (Visible vapor) / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 22

23 production controlled heating Boiler house DH network Boiler t SUPPLY Pump Fuel t RETURN M / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 23

24 demand controlled heating T Boiler house DH network T Boiler t SUPPLY T M Q Pump Fuel t RETURN Variable flow M remotest Substation(s) DP / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 24

25 Example: EVN Steyer 5,7 MW e Biomass boiler: 30 MW t Fuel: wood chips + gas peak boiler Heating capacity MW t peak Production power 40 GWh/year Production district heating 100 GWh/year Heat storage tank 250 m3 / 16 MWh water cooled moving grate Steam pressure/temperature: 90 bar 520 C / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 25

26 / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 26

27 / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 27

28 / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 28

29 / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 29

30 Aschach Gresten Göpfritz Belgrade / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 30

31 Company profil Vienna/Austria based consulting and engineering company Focus on renewable energy and energy efficiency Studies, design, tendering, supervision consultancy to the public and private sector focus on CEE/SEE and CIS countries Founded in 2008 by Mr. Johannes Posch and ic group Since 2014 independent Privileged partnership with ic group ISO quality management certified Business units: Hydropower Plant Engineering Innovative Building Energy Efficiency CES clean energy solutions GmbH 31

32 Privileged partnership ic consulenten is an international consulting group with its headquarters in Vienna, Austria about 350 employees Nearly all fields of expertise for construction and infrastructure projects 15 offices: Salzburg, Austria Ljubljana, Slovenia Belgrade, Serbia Kiev, Ukriane Pristina, Kosovo Skopje, Macedonia Tirana, Albania Zagreb, Croatia CES founded in 2008 by Mr. Posch and ic group CES was formerly the energy department of ic consulenten CES is independent since 2014 Tight cooperation and privileged partnership with ic group / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 32

33 activities in the region Office Vienna Biomass DH in 15 cities Serbia Bopmass CHP Subotica 200 building EEF Audits DH rehabilitation Pale DH rehabilitation Pristina Biomass DH 10 cities Monten. 4MW Hydropower Bistrica, Monten. Belgrade / Eckert CES clean energy solutions 33

34 Thank you! CES clean energy solutions Your competence centre for energy efficiency, renewable energy and sustainable development CES clean energy solutions GmbH Schönbrunner Str Vienna, Austria T CES operates worldwide and provides integrated solutions from a single source.