Reservoir Fluids PETE 310 Fall 2011

Transcription

1 Reservoir Fluids PETE 310 Fall 2011 Instructor: Dr. Maria A. Barrufet Texas A&M University Petroleum Engineering Department Office: 407 C Office Hours: MWF 10:30 11:30 Chat Hours on Blackboard Anonymous Student on e learning (will be disabled if no one is online after the first 10 minutes) MWF 1:30 2:30 PM Skype ID PETE Voluntary Help Sessions Team Groups in Room 302 if # students > 6 MWF 5:00 6:00 Phone E mail: maria.barrufet@pe.tamu.edu Catalog Description: Thermodynamic behavior of naturally occurring hydrocarbon mixtures; evaluation and correlation of physical properties of petroleum reservoir fluids including laboratory and empirical methods. Prerequisites(s): PETE 311; CHEM 107; CVEN 305; MEEN 315; MATH 308 Lecture ( ) MWF 9:10 10:00 AM. RICH & 502 Lab: T/R 8:00 10:50 AM RICH 301/ & 504 Lab: T/R 11:10 2:00 PM RICH 301/ & 506 Lab: T/R 2:20 5:10 PM RICH 301/319 Lab Instructors on rotational basis: LAB ( ) LAB ( ) LAB ( ) Maria Barrufet, Ernesto Valbuena, Masoud Alfi, and Feyisayo Olalotiti Lawal Maria Barrufet, Ernesto Valbuena, Masoud Alfi, and Feyisayo Olalotiti Lawal Maria Barrufet, Ernesto Valbuena, Masoud Alfi, and Feyisayo Olalotiti Lawal 1

2 Ernesto Valbuena: Office Phone : Office : RICH 311 Office Hours : TBA Masoud Alfi: masoud.alfi@pe.tamu.edu Office Phone : Office : RICH 311 Office Hours : TBA Feyisayo Olalotiti Lawal (Feyi) : f.olalotitilawal@pe.tamu.edu Office Phone : Office : Office Hours : TBA Required Text The Properties of Petroleum Fluids McCain, W. D., Penn Well Publishing Co., Tulsa Other Requirements: Clickers COURSE SYLLABUS & SCHEDULE: Pd Date Day Reading HW Topics 1 Aug 29 M 1: pp 1 12 Introduction, Organic Chemistry 2 Aug 31 W 1: pp Alkanes 3 Sep 2 F 1: pp , 1 10 Alkenes, Alkynes, Cyclic Aliphatics 4 Sep 5 M 1: pp ,1 11 Aromatics, Non hydrocarbons 5 Sep 7 W 2: pp ,1 13,1 14 Pure Substances Sep 8 Th Lab 1 Introduction, Orientation Safety 6 Sep 9 F 2: pp ,2 4,2 7, 2 8 Two Component Mixtures 7 Sep 12 M 2: pp ,2 15,2 18 Three & Multi component Mixtures 8 Sep 14 W 5: pp JPT Sep ,2 25 Five Reservoir Fluids Sep 15 Th Lab 2 Virtual Lab Vapor Pressure 9 Sep 16 F 3: pp ,5 2,5 15,5 16 Ideal Gas 10 Sep 19 M 3: pp ,3 4,3 7,3 14 Real Gases Sep 21 W Exam#1 9:10 10:00 AM Chapters 1, 2, 5 10% Room Sep 23 F SPE ,3 25,3 27 Real Gases 12 Sep 26 M 6: pp ,3 29,3 33 Standard Conditions, B g & g 13 Sep 28 W 6: pp ,6 7,6 26 c g and Heating value Sep 29 Th Lab 3 Virtual Lab Gas z factor: Analysis of Leaks 14 Sep 30 F 7: pp ,6 18, 6 21 Wet Gas Specific Gravity & z factor

3 15 Oct 3 M 8: pp ,7 8,7 13 Black Oil Definitions 16 Oct 5 W 9: pp ,8 7,8 18,8 19 Field Data Oct 6 Th Lab 4 Virtual Lab: Bubble Point of Live Oil Sample Phase Envelope 17 Oct 7 F 10: pp ,9 3 Reservoir Fluid Study Lab Procedure 18 Oct 10 M 10: pp ,10 3,10 4,10 5 Reservoir Fluid Study Report 19 Oct 12 W 10: pp (web) 10 15,10 17,10 19 Reservoir Fluid Study Report Oct 14 F Exam # 2 9:10 10:00 AM Chapters & SPE26668 & JPT 10% Room 106 Sep Oct 17 M 10: pp ,10 24 Properties from Reservoir Fluid Study 11: pp Oct 19 W ,11 3 (using JCPT paper, JCPT method) New Correlations for p b & R s and o 1999 Oct 20 Th Lab 5 Virtual Lab: Reservoir Fluid Studies: Constant Composition Expansion (CCE), Differential Liberation (DL) and Separator Tests of a Live Oil Sample 22 Oct 21 F 23 Oct 24 M Oct 25 T 24 Oct 26 W Oct Oct 28 F Th 11: pp : pp : pp JCPT paper, 1999 Lab 6 ( ) 11: pp Lab 6 ( ) 12: pp ,11 8,11 10, 11 12, 11 13, ,11 30, 11 31, (use SOPE) WET LAB Evaluation of o Using Ideal Solution Principles c o & o Interfacial Tension 12 3,12 4, 12 6 Ideal Solutions WET LAB Wet Lab: Viscosity of Oil Samples Wet Lab: Viscosity of Oil Samples 12 7, 12 8, 12 9 Ideal Solutions Exercises Oct 31 M No class SPE Annual Meeting Nov 2 W No class SPE Annual Meeting 26 Nov 4 F 12: pp Non ideal Solutions 27 Nov 7 M 13: pp 374 Surface Separation Calculations 13 1,13 2, Nov 9 W 13: pp 383 Surface Separation Calculations 13 8, Exam Review 3

4 29 Nov 11 F Nov 14 Nov 15 M T 30 Nov 16 W Nov Nov 18 F Th 14: pp Exam # 3 (20%) Lab 7 ( ) 16: pp Lab 7 ( ) 16: pp Equilibrium Ratio Correlations 9:10 10:00 AM Room 106 WET LAB WET LAB Chapters ,16 6 B w, w & R sw Wet Lab: Surface Tension of Oil, Gas, & Water Samples Water Composition, Bubble Point Wet Lab: Surface Tension of Oil, Gas, & Water Samples 32 Nov 21 M 16: pp ,16 13,16 16 c w, w, Moisture Content, Salinity 33 Nov 23 W 17: pp , 16 24, Conditions for Hydrate Formation Nov 25 F No class Thanksgiving Holiday Lab 8 Tentative Date Compositional Testing Distillation, Condensate Residual 34 Nov 28 M 35 Nov 30 W Dec 1 Th Lab 9 17: pp Notes 17: pp Notes 17 1, 17 2, 17 3 Inhibition of Hydrates 17 9, Dec 2 F 15: pp Handout TBD 15: pp Dec 5 M 425 TBD Handout All Chapters 38 Dec 7 W Course All Assignments Due Review Dec 9 F No class Dec 12 M 8 10 am (Room 106) Inhibition of Hydrates Virtual Lab : Hydrate formation. Hydrate inhibition techniques Cubic Equations of State Calculations with Equations of State Cubic Equations of State Calculations with Equations of State Reading Day no class Review (Voluntary) Comprehensive Final Examination (20%) COURSE POLICIES

5 1. Attendance: Students are expected to attend class, to bring textbook, notes, homework problems and calculator. 2. Assignments: Homework problems must be worked out on engineering analysis paper. All problems must be fully documented. Assignments are due are the beginning of the class on Friday s. Late assignments will normally be given a grade of zero. 3. Work Quality: Neat, legible, systematic and complete presentation is required in assignments and examinations for full credit. Units must be written wherever appropriate for the answers. 4. Examinations: Examinations are not optional. The format for each will be announced. Make up examinations will be given only for university excused absences. 5. Academic Dishonesty: Collaboration on examinations and assignments is forbidden except when specifically authorized. Students violating this policy may be removed from the class roster and given an F I will do everything I reasonably can to prevent cheating. I don t do everything I possibly can because this would be a full time job. Because I can t do everything possible to prevent cheating, when I determine a cheating violation has occurred I will (a) report it through the Aggie Honor System Office (AHSO), and (b) punish to the full extent that I am able to. Final Examination Schedule 6. Grading System: The regular university grading scale will be used. Weights will be assigned as follows: Activity Details % of Grade Hw One Per Week 5 Surprise Quizzes (2 to 3 minutes max) Technical Material Quiz (5 6 total) 5 Attendance Quiz (5 6 total) 5 Labs Team Work 30% Lab Quizzes (2 3 total) 25 70% Lab Reports (8 reports) Exam# 1 10 Exam #2 15 Exam #3 15 Final Exam Comprehensive 20 Total 100 ADA Policy Statement: (Texas A&M University Policy Statement) Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Policy Statement 5

6 The following ADA Policy Statement (part of the Policy on Individual Disabling Conditions) was submitted to the UCC by the Department of Student Life. The policy Statement was forwarded to the Faculty Senate for information. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal antidiscrimination statute that provides comprehensive civil rights protection for persons with disabilities. Among other things, this legislation requires that all students with disabilities be guaranteed a learning environment that provides for reasonable accommodation of their disabilities. If you believe that you have a disability requiring an accommodation, please contact the Department of Student Life, Services for Students with Disabilities in Room 126 of the Koldus Building, or call Coursework Copyright Statement: (Texas A&M University Policy Statement) The handouts used in this course are copyrighted. By "handouts," this means all materials generated for this class, which include but are not limited to syllabi, quizzes, exams, lab problems, in class materials, review sheets, and additional problem sets. Because these materials are copyrighted, you do not have the right to copy them, unless you are expressly granted permission. As commonly defined, plagiarism consists of passing off as one s own the ideas, words, writing, etc., that belong to another. In accordance with this definition, you are committing plagiarism if you copy the work of another person and turn it in as your own, even if you should have the permission of that person. Plagiarism is one of the worst academic sins, for the plagiarist destroys the trust among colleagues without which research cannot be safely communicated. If you have any questions about plagiarism and/or copying, please consult the latest issue of the Texas A&M University Student Rules, under the section Scholastic Dishonesty. Instructional Objectives Topics Covered: 1. Introduction, Organic Chemistry: Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Cyclo alyphatic Aromatics, Non Hydrocarbon components. 2. Properties of Pure Substances. Two, Three, and Multi component Mixtures. Phase Diagrams. 3. Virtual Lab Orientation, Safety, Determination of Vapor Pressure. 4. Classification and Identification of Reservoirs by Fluid Type. 5. Ideal and Real Gases. 6. Reservoir Engineering Properties of Gases: Gas Formation Volume Factor. Viscosity (B g & μ g ). Wet Gas Gravity and Isothermal Compressibility. 7. Definition and Evaluation of Black Oil Properties from Field Data. 8. Reservoir Fluid Study: Report, lab procedure, and determination of fluid properties from reservoir fluid studies. 9. Field Trip Commercial Fluid Laboratory. 10. Evaluation of Black Oil Properties from Correlations: Bubble point pressure, solution gas oil ratio (p b & R s ), oil density (ρ o ), compressibility, viscosity (c o & μ o ), and formation and volume factor (B o ). 11. Virtual Lab Evaluation of gas z factor and Analysis of Leaks. Bubble Point of Live Oil Sample and Phase Envelopes. 12. Surface Separation Calculations and Equilibrium Ratio Correlations. 13. Evaluation of oilfield brine properties: Salinity, Bubble Point, formation volume factor, density and solution gas water ratio (B w, ρ w, R sw ). Water isothermal compressibility, viscosity (c w, μ w ). 14. Lab Determination of Viscosity and Surface Tension of Oil, Gas, & Water Samples. 15. Conditions for Hydrate Formation and Hydrate Inhibition Procedures.

7 16. Cubic Equations of State: Solution of Cubic Equations. Calculations with Equations of State. 17. Virtual Lab Differential Vaporization and Separator Tests of Live Oil Sample. 18. Hydrate formation and inhibition techniques. Contributions to Professional Component: Math and Science None Petroleum Engineering This course provides students with a fundamental background on the determination and evaluation of fluid properties. It also provides mathematical tools for the analysis and interpretation of data. General Education None Course Learning Outcomes and Relationship to Program Outcomes: Program Course Learning Outcome: At the end of the course, students will be able to Outcomes Describe how physical properties of hydrocarbon components are affected by molecular structure, size, pressure, and temperature. Explain the physical meaning and evaluate the impact of fluid properties in reservoir engineering and production problems. 11 Compute formation volume factors, viscosities, solution gas oil ratio, densities of oil, water and gas, Z factor (single and two phase), and interfacial tensions. 1 Calculate gas, oil, and oilfield brine properties (z factor, density, viscosities) using various correlations with different independent variables: gas or oil composition, API gravity, gas gravity, salinity, bubblepoint pressure, and temperature. 5 Calculate the specific gravity of a wet gas mixture by recombination using production data and: all surface compositions, or separator composition, or properties of the separator gas. 5 Describe the laboratory procedures required for a Reservoir Fluid Study and calculate reservoir fluid properties (formation volume factors, solution gas oil ratios) from the PVT data obtained from a virtual PVT lab simulation. 1,3,5 Determine and analyze values of oil and gas formation volume factors, saturation pressures, compressibilities, and solution gas oil ratios, given raw PVT data from a reservoir fluid study and pressure production field production history of oil and gas. 5 Design optimal separator conditions from a simulated virtual PVT laboratory test by maximizing the API gravity of the oil. 2,3,5 Determine and analyze the dependence of oil viscosity with temperature and oil gravity, by conducting laboratory experiments. 2 Determine and analyze the dependence of interfacial tension with temperature and type of mixtures: oil, water and surfactant solution; by conducting laboratory experiments. 2 Calculate phase boundaries (bubble point or dew points), and two phase phase equilibrium separations given overall mixture composition, pressure (or temperature), and equilibrium ratios (k values) from: ideal solution models, from correlations or from table lookup. 1,5 Evaluate and Design a hydrate inhibition scheme using the virtual PVT lab by assessing the economic a technical impact of inhibitors and inhibitor concentrations upon the temperatures and pressures at which hydrate formation occurs. 2,11 Related Program Outcomes: No. PETE graduates must have 1 An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering. 2 An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data. 3 An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability. 7

8 5 An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems. 11 An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice Prepared by: Maria Barrufet, August, 17, 2011