Technical Solutions for Erosion Control and Water Clarification using Polyacrylamide (PAM) and PAM Blends

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1 Technical Solutions for Erosion Control and Water Clarification using Polyacrylamide (PAM) and PAM Blends William Gowdy, Jerry Hanna and Steven R. Iwinski Senior Associate

2 Soil Erosion Factors Wind Water Topography Soil Lithology Vegetative Stabilization

3 Bare Soils will Erode Quickly Rain Drops Dislodge Soil Bare Slopes can be Stabilized using Site Specific PAM Blends with Matting or Sod

4 Controlling Turbidity From Construction Activities

5 Ineffective BMPs

6 Ineffective BMPs

7 Good BMPs Effective BMPs

8 Effective Storm Drain Inlet Protection

9 Using Floc Logs in storm drains for turbidity control

10 Temporary Stabilization: Seeding/Mulching/Silt Stop Permanent Stabilization: Sodding with Silt Stop EFFECTIVE STABILIZATION BMPS Riprap Gabions

11 Using hand spreaders to apply site specific Silt Stop polymer to BMP

12 Berms/Diversions Blankets EFFECTIVE STABILIZATION BMPS Cellular Confinement Systems (GeoWeb) Plastic

13 Jute woven mat has most effective adhesive properties for the flocculant Soft Armoring with polymer along a slope to prevent further erosion Pc-3.jpg Baffle grid with polymer, used to reduce turbidity of discharged water Soft Armoring with polymer over blown mulch using jute woven mat

14 Polyacrylamide (PAM) *Hundreds of Different Types* Effective on All Soil Types Fast Results (Seconds to Minutes) Soil Specific (Best)/Non-Specific (Ag) Non-Toxic (Test Data Available) Passive Flow & Mechanical Application

15 PAM molecule is 100,000 to 150,000 monomer units in size (HUGE) with multiple attachment points capable of ion exchange This gives the PAM molecule a tremendous ability to grab charged particles. PAM binds the sediment together, allowing it to drop out of suspension quickly, and prevents re-suspension.

16 The Difference of PAM Untreated Soil Treated Soil

17 How PAM Attaches

18 Different Blended PAMs Are Used On Different Soils And Clays Loamy Soil Clayey Soil Phosphate Soil Organic Dredge Soil

19 Site Specific Soil Samples Are Taken In The Field Samples Are Analyzed In The Lab

20 Types of Polyacrylamides Blends Emulsions Granular FlocLog

21 Various Site Specific PAM Blend Applications: Slope Stabilization (Erosion Control) Turbidity Control (Water Clarification) Wet Soil Solidification (Demucking projects) Nutrient Control Dissolved Metal Control Dust Suppression

22 Raw Slope Stabilization Rill Erosion On Highway Project

23 Emulsion Applied to Raw Slope

24 Air Spraying to Forest Fire Areas

25

26 Hydroseeding over soft armor Using soil-specific high chelating anionic Silt Stop blend Jute Matting Installation Hydro Mulch Application with APS Blended PAM and Grass Seed Excellent Slope Stabilization

27 Soft Arm Ditch.JPG Temporary Polymer Enhanced Flow Channel Using Jute Matting & APS Silt Stop Blend

28 Channel Easily Handles S AR Close Up.JPG Over 1,000 GPM Flow With No Erosion

29 PAM treatment system pics Water Treatment Ditches using Floc Logs Water Clarification using Baffle Grid and Mixing Trough

30 PAM treatment system pics Water Clarification using Baffle Grid System

31 Polymer Baffle Mixing And Treatment Systems APS Advanced Turbidity Treatment

32 Sediment Trap/ Basin Stabilization

33 Dust Suppression Using Site Specific Silt Stop blends Landfill Haul Road Dust Suppressed With 7 Water Wagon Treatments Per Day

34 50 lbs Polymer Powder Applied With Fertilizer Spreader 1 Water Wagon Application Applied PAM Treatment Extends 4-6 In To Soil Dust Controlled With 1 Daily Water Wagon Application For 45 Days

35 Blended PAM for Demucking Silt Stop Powder Applied With Leaf Blower

36 Silt Stop Powder Mixed With Equipment Until Muck Thickens Blended Silt Stop PAM for Demucking

37 PAM Blends increases the ease of handling wet soil without liquid spills or dripping

38 Blended PAM turns a problem soil into a resource as a topsoil amendment

39 Polymer Case Studies 1. Floc Log Water Discharge Quality 2. Silt Stop Erosion Control

40 Case Study 1 Floc Logs Aggregate Washing Operation

41 Initial Status of Operation Pit run is washed to remove finer particles to upgrade aggregate quality for various uses By-product is water laiden with fine particulate Water is passed through a series of settling ponds ultimately discharging to a stream Wanted to improve water discharge quality

42 Floc Log Design Considerations Lithology Appropriate Polymer Selection Flow Rates Determined Polymer Used in Conjunction with other Best Management Practices (BMPs)

43 Polymer Formulated for Soil Type No Polymer Non-Optimized Polymer Optimum Polymer

44 Floc Log Mixing Configuration Mixing Grid with Floc Logs

45 Floc Log Effect on Turbidity 4/4/2005 4/11/2005 4/18/2005 4/25/2005 5/2/2005 5/9/2005 5/16/2005 5/23/2005 5/30/2005 6/6/2005 6/13/2005 6/20/2005 6/27/2005 7/4/2005 7/11/2005 7/18/2005 7/25/2005 8/1/2005 8/8/2005 8/15/2005 NTU Floc Logs Inserted Up Stream Downstream Discharge Date

46 Turbidity vs Recoverable Metals Source Settling Ponds Stream Pond 1 Pond 2 Pond 4 Downstream Turbidity Al As Cd Cu Fe Pb Mn Mo Ni Se Tl Ti U V Zn 0.01 Floc Log Insertion Station

47 Case Study 2 Siltstop Erosion Control

48 Siltstop Emulsion Added to Hydroseed Mix Before Application to Surface To Prevent Surface Erosion Siltstop Powder Applied to Surface To Prevent Surface Erosion

49 Improved Siltstop Mixed with Hydroseed Growth Characteristics Siltstop Retains Nutrients, Improved Porosity & Permiability Siltstop Applied Siltstop Not Applied

50 Improved Porosity/Permiability Without Siltstop Soil Pores Become Blocked Without Siltstop Soil Pores Remain Open, Improved Permiability

51 Thank You William Gowdy / Steve Iwinski bill@clearflowconsulting.com