Global Climate & Energy Project. Carbon-Free Production of Hydrogen from Fossil Fuels

Transcription

1 Stanford University Global Climate & Energy Project April 26, 2004 Carbon-Free Production of Hydrogen from Fossil Fuels Introductory Remarks Chris F. Edwards Deputy Director, GCEP

2 Global Climate & Energy Project A research project to develop new technology options for a low GHG future. Industrially sponsored: ExxonMobil, General Electric, Toyota, Schlumberger Ten-year project seeking options for the year time frame. Defining what is possible is a key element of developing ideas and research for new options. The objective of this meeting is to consider what is possible in the context of fossil-derived hydrogen.

3 Thank You! to our sponsors for making this project possible to our speakers for sharing your time, expertise, and opinions with us to our faculty for considering how you can contribute to this problem of global importance in your research groups to the energy community for taking time to participate in our discussions to our students for providing the ideas, energy, and implementation needed to meet this challenge

4 Global Exergy Balance (TW) 81300? Current Global Exergy Usage Rate ~ 15 TW (0.5 ZJ per year) 81300/15 = 5420 Source: J.T. Szargut, Energy 28, 2003 as cited by W. Hermann, (1 ZJ = J)

5 Source: OECD/ IEA, Paris, World Energy Outlook 2002, Second Edition, November (2002)

6 Source: OECD/IEA, Paris, World Energy Outlook 2002, Second Edition, November (2002)

7 Source: Technology Opportunities to Reduce U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions, prepared by the National Laboratory Directors for the U.S. Department of Energy (1997)

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9 Source: IPCC, Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, Cambridge Univ. Press, UK (2001)

10 United States CO 2 Emissions in 2000 Millions of metric tons per year carbon equivalent 700 Natural Gas 600 Petroleum 500 Coal % 42% ~7% ~4% 14% 0 Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric Generation Source: U.S. EPA Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, April 2002

11 Operating U.S. Power Plants in 2000 By Year of Startup for the Last 50 Years GW (1,000 MW) Year of Startup Existing Coal Units 322 GW summertime 52% of total MWh 70% utilization 33% efficiency HHV 28 yr. MW wt. age Renewables Others Oil & NG Nuclear Coal Source: Dale Simbeck, SFA Pacific from EIA, FERC, NETL & EPA data bases (2003)

12 U.S. Land Transportation 200 million vehicles, 300 million people 4.3 trillion tons of freight per year 4.2 trillion miles per year 200 billion gallons of fuel per year 90% of trips by cars and light-duty trucks 25% of land-transport energy use by medium- and heavy-duty trucks Source: John Heywood, MIT Energy Laboratory, NAE Section X Meeting, October, 2003

13 Source: Weiss et al., Comparative Study of Fuel Cell Cars, MIT Energy Laboratory (2003)

14 Source: M. Ramage et al., The Hydrogen Economy, National Academy of Engineering, 2004

15 Source: M. Ramage et al., The Hydrogen Economy, National Academy of Engineering, 2004

16 Source: M. Ramage et al., The Hydrogen Economy, National Academy of Engineering, 2004

17 Our Task Today to consider the potential role of hydrogen in achieving a low GHG future to consider how we might begin to move along possible paths to consider the research required to make such a future possible to consider the role that hydrogen from fossil fuels might play in all of the above

18 Agenda 8:30 9:00 Welcome and Introduction 8:30 Introduction and Workshop Purpose, Chris Edwards, GCEP 9:00 12:30 Session 1: Clean Hydrogen Production, Chair: Jim Sweeney 9:00 Overview of Hydrogen Technologies, Rodney Allam, Air Products and Chemicals 9:30 Technology Innovation and Development, Lowell Miller, U.S. DOE 10:00 Australian Activities in Clean Hydrogen, John Wright, CSIRO 10:30 10:45 BREAK 10:45 In Pursuit of a Hydrogen Economy, Tom Kreutz, Princeton University 11:15 Some Technical Challenges, Jack Johnston, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering 11:45 Panel Discussion 12:30 1:30 LUNCH 1:30 5:30 Session 2: Innovative Approaches, Chair: Reginald Mitchell 1:30 Technical Aspects of Clean Hydrogen Production, Charles Taylor, U.S. DOE - NETL 2:00 Hydrogen Production with Zero Emissions, John Ruby, Nexant, Inc. 2:30 Coal to Hydrogen: Novel Membrane Reactor..., Francis Lau, Gas Tech. Institute 3:00 3:15 BREAK 3:15 Membrane Reactors: Key Technology, Daniel Jansen and Peter Alderliesten, ECN 3:45 Conversion of Hydrocarbons into SynGas, Alexander Fridman, Drexel University 4:15 Panel Discussion 5:00 Concluding Remarks / Adjourn, Chris Edwards, GCEP

19 Logistics 15 min breaks (extend panel time) Restrooms are located at Breaks will take place in Lunch will be served in Reception will take place in