Physico-Chemical Analysis of Water Sources in Guiuan, Eastern Samar, Philippines

Transcription

1 Internatonal Journal of Educaton and Research Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2016 hysco-chemcal Analyss of Water ources n Guuan, Eastern amar, hlppnes Helen Calwan Fuentes College of Educaton Eastern amar tate nversty Borongan Cty, Eastern amar hcalwan@yahoo.com Abstract Ths descrptve and analytcal type of study determned the physco-chemcal characterstcs of water sources n Guuan, Eastern amar n terms of turbdty, calcum, chlorde, fluorde, sulfate, magnesum, salnty, dssolved oxygen, and hydrogen on concentraton. tandard laboratory procedures were followed n the collecton and analyss of water samples whch were conducted at the Eastern Vsayas Regonal Medcal Center,Tacloban Cty, hlppnes; Eastern amar rovncal Hosptal,Borongan Cty, hlppnes and Bureau of Fsheres and Aquatc Resources(BFAR) Guuan Feld Offce, Guuan, Eastern amar, hlppnes. It used the Analyss of Varance and cheffe s test for sgnfcant dfference set at.05 level of sgnfcant. Result of the laboratory analyss revealed that water from muncpal water system had sgnfcantly hgh calcum and water from prvate pump wells, publc pump wells, and the muncpal water system sgnfcantly dffered along some physco-chemcal characterstc parameters such as turbdty, calcum, magnesum, sulfate, and hydrogen on concentraton. eywords: physco-chemcal analyss, water analyss 1. Introducton Water s an ndspensable natural resource on earth whch all lfe depends (aushk, 2006). Although we can survve wthout food, several days wthout water can be fatal. Most plants and anmals have 60-65% water n ther bodes. everal chemcal reactons n the body can take place only n the presence of water. Water also helps our body n mantanng ts proper temperature of 37ºC (Maton, 1994). In addton, water s an excellent solvent; thus t can serve as a very good carrer of nutrents, ncludng oxygen, whch s essental to lfe. The muncpalty of Guuan s surrounded wth saltwater whch may nfluence water qualty. Most of the consttuents utlze the Level I and III household water supply. In the manland Guuan, only 40% of the total households are concessonares of the local water system and the majorty depend ther water needs on open dug wells, jetmatc pumps, and artesan wells (Guuan Water Dstrct, 2007). The Quarterly Accomplshment Report of the Guuan Feld Health Offce showed that the leadng causes of mortalty n the muncpalty nclude waterborne dseases such as amoebass and dysentery. Furthermore, the Report on Bacterologc 395

2 IN: Water Analyss conducted at Felpe J. Abrgo Memoral Hosptal n Guuan, Eastern amar revealed that the water was contamnated wth fecal colform. Wth these nformaton, the researcher decded to study the Bacterologcal and hysco-chemcal Analyss of Water ources n Guuan, Eastern amar to determne the potablty of water based on the standard crtera set by the hlppne tandards for Drnkng Water. 1.1 Research roblem The study prmarly amed to determne the potablty of water sources n manland Guuan, Eastern amar. pecfcally, the study seeks answers to the followng questons: 1. What are the physco-chemcal propertes of water from dentfed sources n Guuan, Eastern amar n terms of the followng water qualty parameters? 1.1 hyscal Characterstcs Turbdty 1.2 Chemcal Characterstcs Calcum Chlorde Fluorde ulfate Magnesum alnty Dssolved Oxygen H + on concentraton 2. Are there dfferences n the physco-chemcal characterstcs of water from prvate pump wells, publc pump wells, and muncpal water system wthn selected barangays n Guuan, Eastern amar along the dentfed parameters? 3. Are there dfferences n physco-chemcal characterstcs of water from prvate pump wells, publc pump wells, and muncpal water system between selected barangays of Guuan, Eastern amar? 2. Methodology The study employed the descrptve analytcal type of research desgn snce the study ways to descrbe factually and accurately the characterstcs of water sources of Guuan, Eastern amar through laboratory analyss whch nvolved the analyss of water samples from dentfed prvate and publc owned pump wells among the selected barangays and the muncpal water system. The results of analyss along the dentfed parameters were compared wth the standard crteron set by the hlppne Natonal tandards for Drnkng Water (NDW, 1993). Comparsons on the physco-chemcal characterstcs were made between and among the water sources. Analyss of Varance and cheffe s test for sgnfcant dfference was utlzed at.05 level. Composte samplng was used n the collecton of water samples. Water samples were placed n a photo resstant contaner and one lter of the water sample was used n the analyss. Three samples for prvate and publc pump wells for each barangay were the sources of the one 396

3 Internatonal Journal of Educaton and Research Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2016 lter composte water sample. In the same selected barangays the researcher dentfed a household whch was a concessonare of the Guuan Muncpal Water ystem; these three households therefore were the source of the composte water sample from Muncpal Water ystem. The study nvolved fve replcatons. In order to get the general condton of the water sources of Guuan, Eastern amar, the researcher wth the help of the Muncpal Water Analyst selected the barangays accordng to ther locaton from upland down to the coastal area and towards the town of the muncpalty. The study was conducted n selected barangays of Guuan, Eastern amar namely: Barangay Lupok, Barangay alug, and Barangay urok. The muncpalty of Guuan, Eastern amar, hlppnes s located n the southernmost tp of amar, hlppnes. Ths coastal town was one of the muncpaltes devastated by typhoon Yolanda (Hayan). It has a total land area 17,549 km 2 whch s dvded nto sxty (60) barangays. Guuan s 109 klometers from Borongan Cty (captal town of Eastern amar rovnce) and 154 klometers from Tacloban Cty. The Analyss of Varance (ANOVA) and cheffe s Test was used to test the sgnfcant dfferences. 3. Results and Dscuson 3.1 hyscal Characterstcs The water samples from prvate pump wells (4 unts) and publc pump wells (2.2 unts) of Barangay urok and the Guuan Muncpal Water ystem (1.6 unts) were wthn the maxmum permssble lmt set by the hlppne Natonal tandards for Drnkng Water along turbdty. The results of the study showed further that the water from the prvate and publc pump wells of Barangays Lupok and alug are of poor qualty n terms of turbdty. Table 1. Water analyss result on turbdty Tral Water ources I II III IV V Mean rvate ump L Wells ublc ump O Wells A L G R O rvate ump Wells ublc ump Wells rvate ump Wells ublc ump Wells tandard 5 unts Guuan Muncpal Water ystem

4 IN: Chemcal Characterstc The muncpal water system had the hghest calcum content whch regstered a mean of mg/l and was found to exceed the maxmum permssble lmt for calcum. The analyss of chlorde content showed that the water samples contaned low amount of chlorde, n fact the hghest chlorde content was only a mean of 48 mg/l of Lupok publc pump wells. The water analyss of fluorde revealed that all the water samples were wthn the permssble level whch s1.2 mg/l. Among the seven water sources tested, the prvate pump wells of urok had the hghest fluorde content whch yelded a mean of 0.76 mg/l. The result of water analyss on sulfate showed that the sampled water sources had amounts of sulfate that were not beyond the maxmum permssble level. alug prvate pump wells recorded the hghest sulfate content wth a mean of 41.6 mg/l whle the muncpal water system showed the lowest sulfate content wth a mean of 6.4 mg/l. In terms of magnesum content, the study revealed that n all water sources tested, the magnesum content was low compared to the maxmum permssble level of 50 mg/l. urok publc pump wells had the hghest magnesum content wth a mean of 26.6 mg/l whle the muncpal water system showed a mean of 13.2 mg/l whch was the lowest. The study revealed that muncpal water system whch s located n the upper land of Guuan showed the hghest salnty; hence, saltness of drnkng water s not attrbuted to seawater ntruson but to sol ons that leaches to the water table. All the water samples from dentfed sources were wthn the standard permssble level for dssolved oxygen. The prvate pump wells of urok wth a mean of mg/l had the hghest dssolved oxygen whle prvate pump wells of Lupok had the lowest dssolved oxygen wth a mean of mg/l. In terms of ph, publc pump wells of alug had the hghest ph whch regstered a mean of and the muncpal water system showed the lowest ph wth a mean of The study revealed that the samples were wthn the permssble level. Water ources L O A r v a t e ump Well u b l c ump Well r v a t e ump Well Table 2. Water analyss result on chemcal characterstcs arameters Tral I II III IV V Mean tandard Above/Below of ermssble Lmt Calcum mg/L zxa Chlorde mg/L B Fluorde mg/L B ulfate mg/L B Magnesum mg/L B alnty DO mg/L B ph B Calcum mg/L A Chlorde mg/L B Fluorde mg/L B ulfate mg/L B Magnesum mg/L B alnty DO mg/L B ph B Calcum mg/L A Chlorde mg/L B Fluorde mg/L B ulfate mg/L B Magnesum mg/L B alnty DO mg/L B ph B 398

5 Internatonal Journal of Educaton and Research Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2016 L G R O Guuan Muncpal Water ystem u b l c ump Well r v a t e ump Well u b l c ump Well Calcum mg/L A Chlorde mg/L B Fluorde mg/L B ulfate mg/L B Magnesum mg/L B alnty DO mg/L B ph B Calcum mg/L A Chlorde mg/L B Fluorde mg/L B ulfate mg/L B Magnesum mg/L B alnty DO mg/L B ph B Calcum mg/L A Chlorde mg/L B Fluorde mg/L B ulfate mg/L B Magnesum mg/L B alnty DO mg/L B ph B Calcum mg/L A Chlorde mg/L B Fluorde mg/L B ulfate mg/L B Magnesum mg/L B alnty DO mg/L B ph B 3.3 Dfferences n the hysco-chemcal Characterstcs of Water from rvate ump Wells, ublc ump Wells, and the Muncpal Water ystem wthn Barangays n Guuan, Eastern amar along the Identfed arameters In the comparson made among water samples from prvate pump wells and the muncpal water system wthn Barangays of Guuan, Eastern amar, there were three parameters that showed sgnfcant dfference: 1) turbdty (p=0.025), 2) calcum (p=0.016), and 3) sulfate (0.000). Lkewse, n the comparson made among water samples from publc pump wells and the muncpal water system wthn Barangays of Guuan, Eastern amar, three of the dentfed parameters had dffered sgnfcantly: 1) turbdty (p=0.018), 2) calcum (p=0.002), and 3) sulfate (p=0.011). 3.4 Dfferences n the hysco-chemcal Characterstcs of Water from rvate ump Wells, ublc ump Wells, and the Muncpal Water ystem between selected Barangays n Guuan, Eastern amar along the Identfed arameters Among the dentfed parameters, there were three chemcal characterstcs that dffered sgnfcantly; 1) calcum (p=0.001), 2) magnesum (p=0.0245), and 3) ph (p=0.001) 4. Concluson The prvate and publc pump wells of barangays Lupok, alug, and urok contan substances that contrbute to water hardness lke calcum and magnesum. Lkewse, the muncpal water system has very hgh calcum content. The physco- chemcal characterstcs of water from prvate pump wells, publc pump wells, and the muncpal 399

6 IN: water system wthn Barangays n Guuan, Eastern amar dffer sgnfcantly n terms turbdty, calcum, and sulfate. The physco-chemcal characterstcs of water from prvate pump wells, publc pump wells, and muncpal water system between selected barangays dffer sgnfcantly along parameters such as calcum, magnesum, and ph. 5. References aushk, Anubha et al. (2006). erspectves n Envronmental tudes. 2 nd Edton. New Delh: New Age Internatonal () Lmted. Maton, Anthea. (1994). Human Bology and Health. 2 nd Edton. New Jersey: rentce Hall. Department of Health. (1993). hlppne Natonal tandards for Drnkng Water. Manla, hllppnes. 400