Energy in Planning. 22 May Stuart Bowman Susan Gleeson

Transcription

1 Energy in Planning 22 May 2008 Stuart Bowman Susan Gleeson

2 Energy in Planning: Agenda How the session might help you Overview: The English Planning system London Plan energy policy Policy compliance methodology Frequently Asked Questions Planning policy and BREEAM hpf case studies 2

3 How might this session help you? You advise clients on engineering solutions for their building Planning requirements will shape these solutions The chosen solution is likely to influence building design/ layout You may need to manage clients expectations with regard to cost and impact on building design You may be instrumental in negotiating with planners over sustainability requirements for your buildings Local planning knowledge strengthens tender responses/ demonstrates unique capability in interviews 3

4 Energy in Planning: Agenda How the session might help you Overview: The English Planning system London Plan energy policy Policy compliance methodology Frequently Asked Questions Planning policy and BREEAM hpf case studies 4

5 English planning hierarchy NATIONAL LEVEL Planning Policy Statements REGIONAL LEVEL Regional Spatial Strategy London Plan LOCAL LEVEL UDP/LDF (and Supplementary Planning Documents) 5

6 What is the London Plan? Mayor responsible for strategic planning in Greater London London Plan = Regional Spatial Strategy Boroughs DPDs must be in general conformity Avant-garde in sustainability terms Influences planning policy in other regions What does the London Plan cover? Matters of strategic importance, such as: Social, economic & environmental framework for London over next years Framework for land use management and development, linked to infrastructure improvements Framework policy for Mayor s involvement in major planning decision London s response to European guidance on spatial planning 6

7 Energy in Planning: Agenda How the session might help you Overview: The English Planning system London Plan energy policy Policy compliance methodology Frequently Asked Questions Planning policy and BREEAM hpf case studies 7

8 The London Plan Policy 4A.1 Tackling Climate Change The Mayor will and boroughs should in their DPD s require developments to make the fullest contribution to the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change and to minimise CO 2 emissions Assessments should ask the following three stage hierarchy of questions. Are applications: Using less energy, in particular by adopting sustainable design and construction methods? (see Policy 4A.3) Supplying energy efficiently in particular by prioritising decentralised energy generation? (see Policy 4A.6) Using renewable energy? (see Policy 4A.7) 8

9 The London Plan Policy 4A.5 Provision of heating and cooling networks Boroughs should identify and safeguard existing heat and cooling networks And maximise the opportunities for providing new networks supplied by decentralised energy. Boroughs should ensure that all new development is designed to connect to the heating and cooling network. Strategic partnership approach between mayor and boroughs to identify and establish network opportunities, to ensure their delivery and maximise the potential for existing developments to connect to them. 9

10 The London Plan Policy 4A.6 Decentralised Heat, Cooling, Power Cooling by passive ventilation design as far as possible Developments to evaluate CHP and CCHP Heating and cooling system order of preference: Connection to existing CHP/CCHP networks New CHP/CCHP networks powered by renewable energy CHP/CCHP powered by gas Communal heating and cooling powered by renewable energy Communal heating/cooling powered by gas 10

11 Community energy systems they re back! The Energy Centre 11

12 The London Plan Policy 4A.7 Renewable Energy Mayor and boroughs require development to achieve a 20% CO 2 reduction from on-site renewables where feasible Identify sites for zero carbon developments One large wind development within London Use of small scale renewables in street infrastructure Off-site renewable contributions to developments are acceptable only where they are directly connected and supplied by private wire arrangement 12

13 The London Plan Policy 4A.4 Energy Assessment Major development assessments are required for energy demand and CO 2 emissions Assessments to show CO 2 savings from energy efficiency, renewables, and CHP/CCHP Assessments to cover: Baseline predictions CO 2 savings calculations Residual demands & remaining CO 2 13

14 Energy in Planning: Agenda How the session might help you Overview: The English Planning system London Plan energy policy Policy compliance methodology Frequently Asked Questions Planning policy and BREEAM hpf case studies 14

15 London s energy strategy: the future Decentralised energy generation 25% by % by 2050 Today: Gas-fired CHP Tomorrow: CHP fuelled by renewables Thereafter the hydrogen economy: Fuel Cell CHP fuelled by renewables 15

16 Be lean. Be clean. Be green. Building Regulations regulated energy 16

17 Renewable energy assessment methodology Inputs SAP/ Building Model Benchmark data Site energy demand Carbon factors Site conditions Building orientations Carbon factors Power output Market data Budget Aesthetics Cost-efficiency Step 1 Calculate site s Calculate site s energy demand energy demand Step 2 Calculate site s Calculate site s carbon emissions carbon emissions Step 3 Assess Assess technology technology feasibility feasibility Step 4 Calculate per Calculate per technology: technology: Energy generation Energy generation Carbon offset Carbon offset Estimated costs Estimated costs Step 5 Analyse best Analyse best options options Outputs Predicted gas & electricity consumption Target of carbon emissions to offset List of feasible technologies Cost-efficiency of each technology Renewable Energy solution 17

18 Which technologies qualify? Solar PV electricity generation Technology Qualifies? Solar Thermal heat generation Wind Turbines electricity generation Ground Source Heating/ Cooling heat & cooling Biomass Heating heat generation BUT beware the idiosyncrasies of the local authority! Combined Heat and Power (CHP) heat & electricity (+ cooling) X 18

19 The building challenge House/ flats Office Retail Data Centre ST ~ 12% PV Discretionary sizing (max. 8%) Wind Discretionary sizing Biomass ~ 50% GSHP ~ 15% CHP ~ 5-8% ST ~ 0.9% PV Discretionary sizing Wind Discretionary sizing Biomass ~ 13.1% GSH/C ~ 17.6% CCHP ~ 20% ST ~ 0.4% PV Discretionary sizing Wind Discretionary sizing Biomass <5% GSH/C ~ 17% CCHP ~ 20% ST <1% PV Discretionary sizing Wind Discretionary sizing Biomass - GSH/C <1% CCHP ~ 10% Source: hpf data and London Renewables Toolkit 19

20 Energy in Planning: Agenda How the session might help you Overview: The English Planning system London Plan energy policy Policy compliance methodology Frequently Asked Questions Planning policy and BREEAM hpf case studies 20

21 Why can t I achieve the target CO 2 reduction through energy efficiency? Long term Government CO 2 reduction targets cannot be met through energy efficiency alone Planning policy is designed to stimulate demand for LZC technology This industry jump start will result in greater understanding and falling prices LZC technology will become mainstreamed in building design and accessible to the domestic sector 21

22 Can my client get out of it? In theory, no.but: We are seeing some flexibility as planners gain a better grasp of energy matters Certain buildings will be challenging (e.g. data centres, laboratories) and energy efficiency may be the best route Draft PPS1 Supplement: recognises that different sites represent different opportunities Early discussion with the planners is essential 22

23 Energy in Planning: Agenda How the session might help you Overview: The English Planning system London Plan energy policy Policy compliance methodology Frequently Asked Questions Planning policy and BREEAM hpf case studies 23

24 The London Plan Policy 4A.3 Sustainable Design and Construction Key points include recommendations to: Minimise energy use including by passive design, natural ventilation and vegetation on buildings. Design new buildings for flexible uses throughout their lifetime. Procure materials sustainably Encourage major developments to incorporate living roofs and walls where feasible And points relating to water, waste, flooding, pollution and noise. 24

25 BREEAM and planning policy what s the connection? Most local authorities request BREEAM/ Code for Sustainable Homes assessments Flexible credit selection system Energy Fact Sheet for BREEAM Offices 16.64% of points can be secured from the following areas: Credit ID Credit Credits Available E1 E2 E3 E4 P11 Reduction of CO 2 emissions (over 2006 BR) Sub Metering of Substantial Energy Uses Sub Metering of Areas/ Tenancy External Lighting Renewable and Low Emission Energy

26 Energy in Planning: Agenda How the session might help you Overview: The English Planning system London Plan energy policy Policy compliance methodology Frequently Asked Questions Planning policy and BREEAM hpf case studies 26

27 HPF Case Study 1: Oxford Business School Development: Extension to business school. Local Planning Requirements: 1. Energy Efficiency: TER = BER 2. Renewable Energy: 20% Energy (NOT CO 2 ) to be generated on site by renewable energy technologies Result: 1. 35% Improvement on Building Regulations through excellent building fabric standards: U-values and thermal mass 2. 20% Renewable Energy Target Achieved through Closed loop Ground Source Heating and Cooling system and Solar Water Heating system 27

28 Case Study 2: Mixed Development Hampshire 66m m Biomass CHP Unit 3 Result: Ongoing. Development: 300,000m 2 mixed use Planning Requirements: Large enough to fall under South East plan (draft): 1. 10% energy (not CO 2) has to come from on-site renewable energy technologies 2. Eco-homes very good (Code Level 3) and BREEAM very good recommended. Phased Development with Phase 1 going to planning in June Energy strategy is centralised biomass heating systems in areas of higher density with individual solar thermal and ground source heating solutions applied to houses Later phases recognise a step increase in planning policy/ building regulations requirements (zero carbon homes by 2016; zero carbon buildings by 2019) 28

29 How we can help at the early stages Quick check planning policy requirements, including local quirks Review of opportunities to incorporate LZC technology, including indicative cost and building design impact Opportunities for passive energy design and energy efficiency (supported by Thermal modelling and CFD) Telling a compelling story! Negotiations with planners 29

30 Questions? 30