Recycled Water Managed Aquifer Recharge in California

Transcription

1 Recycled Water Managed Aquifer Recharge in California Segunda Jornada Technicas sobre la Recarga Artificial de Acuiferos y Reuso De Agua Torre de Ingeneria, UNAM, Mexico D.F. 28 y 29 de agosto de 2013 Timothy Kevin Parker, Parker Groundwater Director, Groundwater Resources Association of California Director, California Groundwater Coalition Director, American Ground Water Trust Public Advisory Committee California Water Plan Groundwater Caucus Chair - California Water Plan

2 Presentation Overview California setting and current efforts Drivers for increasing recycled water use Recycled water policy Case studies WRD & OCWD Summary & Conclusions

3 California Setting 18,500 Mm3 PPIC 2011

4 DWR Bulletin September 1975 Basins with Chronic Groundwater Level Declines

5 Storage Loss 60 M acre-feet/74,000 Mm 3 USGS Professional Paper 1766

6 Water from the Water-Rich North to the Water-Poor South Goes Through.. The Delta (estuary) 1100 mi/1770 km of water ways 2/3 state s drinking water

7 Water from the Water-Rich North to the Water-Poor South Goes Through.. The Delta In Crisis Ecology Subsidence Climate Change Earthquakes

8 Water from the North to the South Would Go Through.. The Tunnels Length 30mi/48km Three Sacramento River intakes Capacity 9,000cfs/255m 3 s Modify/optimize Clifton Forebay

9 Current Significant Efforts in California Delta Stewardship Council and Delta Plan Bay Delta Conservation Plan California Water Plan Update 2013 Statewide Water Action Plan (or Water Vision ) 2014 Water Bond

10 Groundwater Management Is California still the Wild West? Surface Water is Permitted Groundwater is not Regulated/Permitted State Agency Mandates and Policies Mal-Aligned and Counter- Productive Policies Largely Contaminant Cleanup-Based Fractionated Local Agency Management Over 1,000 Local Agencies - Water

11 Special Groundwater Districts & Adjudications 23 adjudicated basins 4 special groundwater districts PPIC 2011

12 DWR PAC 2013, unpublished

13 Banking and Recharge Projects in California 106 Projects Recorded Source: CA Dept of Water Resources June

14 Drivers for Recycled Water Use and Recharge Increasing demands Climate change uncertainty More surface water storage limited Current major water infrastructure designed middle of the last century based on hydrology which was wet Groundwater contamination growing Groundwater reservoirs can work to help meet the future needs Basins need to be refilled for a non-rainy day fund for future supply resiliency and reliability

15 Recycled Water Policy 2009 Recycled Water Policy adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board Increase use of recycled water Increase stormwater recharge Streamline project permitting Put recycled water to beneficial use Recycled Water Policy: develop Salt and Nutrien Management Plan (SNMP) for all groundwater basins or subbasins in California Understand effects of salt and nutrient loading Manage loading to protect groundwater quality

16 SNMP Required Elements 1. Groundwater monitoring plan 2. Goals and objectives for water recycling and stormwater recharge 3. Salt and nutrient source characterization, assimilative capacity, loading estimates and fate & transport 4. Measures to manage loading 5. Anti-degradation analysis

17 Recycled Water Recharge Permitting Permits for use of recycled water are issued by the State and Regional Water Boards California Department of Public Health (CDPH) establishes criteria for water recycling criteria & regulations, and makes recommendations to Water Boards per recycled water project Water is continuously monitored before and after treatment Recharged water is also monitored in wells between point of injection and water supply Monitoring parameters include emerging constituents of concern Water supply wells have to be located minimum distance of Six month travel time for water infiltrated in spreading basin One year travel time for water injected into the aquifer Travel time determined by tracer tests and modeling

18 Brief History of Groundwater Recharge with Recycled Water in California Orange County Water District recharge Santa Ana River water 1960 s -Water Replenishment District of Southern California and Los Angeles County Sanitation 1976 OCWD - treating recycled water Water Factory OCWD permitted to inject 100% recycled water 2005 WRD Advanced Water Treatment Facility 2006 City of Los Angeles Department of Water & Power 2008 OCWD begins operation of Groundwater Replenishment System -70MGD/265,000cubic meters-day 117B gallons produced

19 Central and West Coast Basins of Southern Los Angeles County 43 cities Population is about 4 million (over 10% of California s population) 600,000 acre feet total water used per year 250,000 acre feet is from groundwater (~ 40%) Over 400 Wells Today

20 MAR Facilities Spreading Grounds West Coast Barrier Dominguez Gap Barrier Alamitos Barrier

21 Spreading Grounds - Built 1937 Rio Hondo San Gabriel Facilities owned and operated by LA County Flood Control District Size Both Basins: 1,000 Ac/4Km Intake Capacity: 2,850 cfs/80.7m 3 /s Storage Capacity: 5,200 af/6.4 Mm 3 Infiltration Rate: up to 1,200 cfs/34m 3 s (2,400 afd)

22 Spreading Water Sources Rainfall per year (54,000 af/66.6 Mm 3 ) Recycled Wastewater per year (50,000 af/62 Mm 3 ) Imported River Water (21,000 af/26 Mm 3 )

23 Barrier Wells Built 1950 s Facilities owned and operated by LA County Flood Control District

24 Potable Water per year (10,500 af/12 Mm 3 ) Barrier Water Sources Advanced Treated Recycled Municipal Wastewater/year (17,500 af/21 Mm 3 ) Reverse Osmosis

25 Goal is to be independent from imported water to replenish all of the groundwater supplies. Increase recycled and stormwater capture to replace imported. WIN is a collection of 6 solo or partnered projects that will provide a sustainable groundwater supply. The WIN Program will decrease demand on water from environmentally sensitive Bay Delta as well as the Colorado River. Up to 34,000 af/42 Mm 3 of imported water will be replaced by WIN. Estimated cost $200 million. Date of completion 2020.

26 Orange County Water District Established in 1933 to: Protect Santa Ana River flow Conserve water Manage groundwater basin Control groundwater pumping Replenish basin Protect water quality Seawater intrusion Basin recovery projects

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30 OCWD recharge facilities along Santa Ana River. Warner Basin in center/background.

31 River flows can be diverted with an inflatable rubber dam

32 Anaheim Lake can recharge 100+ cubic feet per second when clean

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34 Summary & Conclusions California has a long, successful history of MAR, and recycled water has been used for several decades Due to continued losses of endangered species in the Delta system, less water is available, and recycled water is being used more State policy and regulations Increase use of recycled water Maintain salt and nutrient balance in basins Regional Interdependence Will Work less reliant on imported water through recycled water, stormwater capture and increasing conservation, public outreach and education

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36 References Groundwater Availability of the Central Valley Aquifer USGS Professional Paper 1766 Managing California s Water: From Conflict to Reconciliation Public Policy Insitute

37 Websites % %29

38 Recycled Water Managed Aquifer Recharge in California Segunda Jornada Technicas sobre la Recarga Artificial de Acuiferos y Reuso De Agua Torre de Ingeneria, UNAM, Mexico D.F. 28 y 29 de agosto de 2013 Tim Parker, Parker Groundwater Director, Groundwater Resources Association of California

39 DWR Bulletin January 1980