Tuesday, March 7, 17. Ecology: Chapter 10. Aquatic Biomes

Transcription

1 Ecology: Chapter 10 Aquatic Biomes

2 Aquatic habitats= one in which the organisms live in or on Not grouped geographically the way terrestrial biomes are Difficult to be shown on a map Scattered Two types: Freshwater and Saltwater Two most important determining factors: amount of dissolved salts and depth of water Other factors that determine organisms: rate of flow and amount of dissolved oxygen

3 Salinity= amount of dissolved salts in a sample of water

4 Salinity= amount of dissolved salts in a sample of water All bodies of water contain some salts and minerals

5 Salinity= amount of dissolved salts in a sample of water All bodies of water contain some salts and minerals Salinity is measured in parts per 1000 (units of salts per 1000 units of water) Ocean water: 30 parts per 1,000 Fresh water: 0.5 parts per 1,000 or less

6 Salinity= amount of dissolved salts in a sample of water All bodies of water contain some salts and minerals Salinity is measured in parts per 1000 (units of salts per 1000 units of water) Ocean water: 30 parts per 1,000 Fresh water: 0.5 parts per 1,000 or less Brackish water: water that is more saline than fresh water, but less saline than ocean water Ex: river delta, coastal marshes (where freshwater meets ocean waters)

7 Hypersaline Lakes: exceptions they are more saline than the oceans Great Salt Lake in Utah Mono Lake in California

8 Depth zones PHOTIC APHOTIC BENTHIC DEPTH DEPENDS ON CLEARNESS OF WATER SUNLIGHT NEVER REACHES SUPPORTSMICROS COPIC DECOMPOSERS UP TO 200M DEEPIN OPEN OCEAN ONLY IN OCEANS AND VERY DEEP LAKES COMMON FRESHWATER ANIMALS : INSECT MAY RECEIVE SUNLIGHT IN SHALLOW WATERS

9 Freshwater Biomes Freshwater biomes Standing Water Flowing water lakes & ponds wetlands rivers, streams, creeks & brooks

10 Standing-Water Ecosystems ABIOTIC FACTORS BIOTIC FACTORS LAKE -Deepest type of standing water -may have aphotic zone -may be fed by underground aquifers -producers: algae in photic zone & benthic plants along shoreline -complex food webs POND -Benthic zone receives light -fed by rainfall -seasonal -producers: plant & algae (grows on bottom) -food web not as complex as lakes MARSH SWAMP -shallow water -soil is saturated -water lacks O2 -saltwater, -land soaked freshwater, w/ (poor brackish, drainage) often -plants have roots under water -leaves are above water (emergent) -grasses, cattails, rushes -ducks, -dominated waterfowl, by large benthic trees & animals shrubs -streambeds or flat land -plants adapted to grow in muddy, O2 poor soil BOG -inland wetland w/ little inflow or outflow Ex: -sphagnum Cypress moss trees-south is dominant US; organism -acidic soil -slow decay -carbon stored in dead plants -partly decayed moss accumulates as peat

11 PLANKTON COMMUNITY-top layer

12 PLANKTON COMMUNITY-top layer Plankton: general term for organisms that drift in water size of dust particles

13 PLANKTON COMMUNITY-top layer Plankton: general term for organisms that drift in water size of dust particles Phytoplankton Plankton that carries out photosynthesis Main producers in most aquatic biomes

14 PLANKTON COMMUNITY-top layer Plankton: general term for organisms that drift in water size of dust particles Phytoplankton Plankton that carries out photosynthesis Main producers in most aquatic biomes Zooplankton Do NOT carry out photosynthesis Consumers Feed on phytoplankton

15 WETLANDS:

16 WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year

17 WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in water that pass through them

18 WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in water that pass through them can be used as treatment systems for waste water

19 WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in water that pass through them can be used as treatment systems for waste water Breeding, feeding waterfowl (geese & ducks)

20 WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in water that pass through them can be used as treatment systems for waste water Breeding, feeding waterfowl (geese & ducks) Act as flood protection regions (wetlands along the banks)

21 WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in water that pass through them can be used as treatment systems for waste water Breeding, feeding waterfowl (geese & ducks) Act as flood protection regions (wetlands along the banks) Swamp Lands Act 1849: encouraged the filling or draining of wetlands

22 WETLANDS: Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in water that pass through them can be used as treatment systems for waste water Breeding, feeding waterfowl (geese & ducks) Act as flood protection regions (wetlands along the banks) Swamp Lands Act 1849: encouraged the filling or draining of wetlands Clean Water Act: stopped the filling of wetlands, only 8% of wetlands in US are protected by govt

23 FLORIDA EVERGLADES:

24 FLORIDA EVERGLADES:

25 FLORIDA EVERGLADES:

26 FLORIDA EVERGLADES:

27 FLORIDA EVERGLADES:

28 FLORIDA EVERGLADES:

29 FLOWING-WATER

30 FLOWING-WATER Ex: rivers, streams, brooks, creeks

31 FLOWING-WATER Ex: rivers, streams, brooks, creeks Stream Organisms Organism adapt to rate of water movement Ex: salmon

32 FLOWING-WATER Ex: rivers, streams, brooks, creeks Stream Organisms Organism adapt to rate of water movement Ex: salmon Stream Flow begin at high altitude streams flow downhill=gravity Flow towards the ocean place where streams begin=source, or head, of the stream Water near the source is called headwater

33 FLOWING-WATER Ex: rivers, streams, brooks, creeks Stream Organisms Organism adapt to rate of water movement Ex: salmon Stream Flow begin at high altitude streams flow downhill=gravity Flow towards the ocean place where streams begin=source, or head, of the stream Water near the source is called headwater Sediments: small particles that settle to the bottom of a body of water

34 Stream Flow

35 Stream Flow Sedimentation

36 Stream Flow Sedimentation

37 Stream Flow Sedimentation Cause stream to alter its course

38 Stream Flow Sedimentation Erosion Cause stream to alter its course

39 Stream Flow Sedimentation Erosion Cause stream to alter its course

40 Stream Flow Sedimentation Erosion Cause stream to alter its course As stream curves (a.k.a.meanders) fig Water flowing on the inside of curve slows down Water flowing on the outside of curve speeds up Sediments build up along inner edge-slowed flow Erosion increases along the outer edge-rapid flow

41 Stream Flow Sedimentation Erosion Cause stream to alter its course As stream curves (a.k.a.meanders) fig Water flowing on the inside of curve slows down Water flowing on the outside of curve speeds up Sediments build up along inner edge-slowed flow Erosion increases along the outer edge-rapid flow

42 Stream Flow Sedimentation Erosion Cause stream to alter its course As stream curves (a.k.a.meanders) fig Water flowing on the inside of curve slows down Water flowing on the outside of curve speeds up Sediments build up along inner edge-slowed flow Erosion increases along the outer edge-rapid flow

43 Stream-Erosion & Sedimentation

44 Stream-Erosion & Sedimentation

45 Stream-Erosion & Sedimentation

46 Stream-Erosion & Sedimentation

47 Stream-Erosion & Sedimentation