Sachin Shah Vice President Electrotherm Immodo Renewables Ltd.

Transcription

1 Talk on Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Sachin Shah Vice President Electrotherm Immodo Renewables Ltd.

2 What is PV? PV (Photovoltaic) is a method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation into direct current electricity using semiconductors which exhibit photoelectric effect.

3 PV Applications Energysource for spaceapplicationsapplications like satellites. Portable power applications like calculators, watches etc. Building Integrated PV (BIPV) Rural applications for powering light loads, for pumping water etc. Miscellaneous applications like solar street lights, solar lanterns etc.

4 PV Applications Rooftopsystems (kwp scale) for decentralized power generation. Utility scale (MWp grade) power plants for centralized power generation.

5 Advantages of PV PV utilizes solar energy, which is a locally available andperennial source of energy. Decentralized power generation (in case of rooftop systems) ; lower exposure of generated energy to line T&D losses. PV systems are available from small sized sized kwp systems to utility scale MWp sized plants. Clean and silent source of energy; environment friendly. Converts energy directly from the primary source of all energy Sun. PV systems are modular; existing system may be augmented in future. Minimal operation and maintenance costs.

6 Challenges for PV Relatively higher Capex cost; especially for rooftop systems which involve batteries. PV produces DC power while the grid operates with AC power; hence converters are required to change power waveform which increases plant capex. Land intensive; 5 7 acres may be required for installation of 1 MWp system. Solar energy is a variable resource; hence there is inherent difficulty in forecasting energy production.

7 Typical PV Power Scheme PV Module Array String Junction Box Inverter Low Voltage Step up Panel Transformer Medium Voltage Panel Substation & Switchyard with Power Transformer Grid

8 PV System Components & Roles Component Role PV Modules Convert solar energy to DC electrical energy Mounting System Hold PV modules in place DC Cables Transmission of DC power from module strings to junction boxes Junction Boxes Paralleling of DC strings Inverter DC to AC conversion of electrical power LV Panel Protection of inverter, transformer etc. LV Step up Transformer Step up power to 11 kv level AC Cables Transmission of AC power to grid interconnection facility Energy Meter Measurement of net injected energy to grid Grid Interconnection System Interconnection of plant with grid; electrical protection

9 PV TechnologyOptions Component Summary Crystalline Polycrystalline PV Modules y y Monocrysalline Thin film Mounting System Amorphous Silicon (A Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Others Inverter

10 PV TechnologyOptions Component Summary Crystalline PV Modules Polycrystalline y y (pc Si) 52.9 % global market share Source: multifaceted Si crystals Mounting System Less L efficient i than mc Si Less expensive than mc Si Monocrystalline (mc Si) 33.2 % global market share Source: Single, high purity Silicon crystal Inverter Complex manufacturing process Most efficient technology in market Most expensive technology in market

11 PV TechnologyOptions Component Summary Thin film PV Modules Amorphous p Silicon (A Si) 5 % global market share Process: Thin layers of Si is placed on glass Mounting System Low L manufacturing cost Better performance than C Si in hot weather Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) 5.3 % global market share Low manufacturing cost Inverter Better performance than C Si in hot weather Cadmium hazardous substance

12 PV TechnologyOptions Component Summary Fixed tilt System PV Modules Mounting System Seasonal tilt System Tracking System Single axis Dual axis Inverter

13 PV TechnologyOptions Component Summary Fixed tilt System PV Modules Mounting System Inverter Module orientation is fixed Material: MS GI is commonly used Most common mounting system Lowest land requirement per MWp Seasonal tilt System Module orientation can be varied seasonally according to altitude of sun Material: MS GI, Aluminum is commonly used More expensive than fixed tilt More land requirement per MWp than fixed tilt

14 PV TechnologyOptions Component Summary Tracking System PV Modules Mounting System Single axisg Tracks daily motion of sun (east west) (Azimuth tracking) NoN tilt (Elevation) variation More energy yield (>20%) than fixed tilt More land requirement per MWp More expensive than fixed and seasonal systems Inverter

15 PV TechnologyOptions Component Summary Tracking System PV Modules Mounting System Inverter Dual axis Tracks daily motion of sun (east west) (Azimuth tracking) and also tilt (Elevation) variation which h changes seasonally More energy yield than single axis tracker More land requirement per MWp than single axis Relevance of dual axis tracker diminishes as we move towards equator and vice versa

16 PV TechnologyOptions Component Summary Central Inverter PV Modules String g Inverter Mounting System Inverter

17 PV TechnologyOptions Component Summary Central Inverter PV Modules Mounting System Large power rating (30 kw to 1.5 MW) Higher efficiency than string inverter Requires enclosure (room/container) Requires DC junction boxes for DC paralleling Less cost per Wp than string inverter Easier operation and maintenance for large scale PV plants Inverter

18 PV TechnologyOptions Component Summary String Inverter PV Modules Mounting System Small power rating (1 kw to 15 kw) Better MPP tracking than central inverter No dedicated enclosure required Reduces DC cabling Used widely for small kwp size systems Inverter

19 PV Value Chain The global PV value chain is made up of the following major members: Developers System integrators PV module manufacturers Inverter manufacturers Manufacturers of balance of system (BoS) components Consultants t Media (Electronic, Print, Exhibitions etc.)

20 Recent PV Industry Trends Feed in tariffs slashed in major European PV markets like Germany, Spain. South east Asian countries like China, Taiwan have taken the lead in setting up large scale (GWs) production units of PV modules. Germanystill remains world leaderas PV technologysupplier. Major policy thrusts for utility scale PV projects in India; e.g. Gujarat Solar Policy and Nti NationalSolar Mission. i Incentives on offer also for rooftop systems.

21 About Electrotherm Immodo Renewables Ltd. A JV between Electrotherm (India) A JV between Electrotherm (India) Ltd. and Immodo Solar S.A., Spain.

22 Services Offered by E.I.R.L 1. Turnkey EPC for Grid connect utility scale photovoltaic based solar power plants and Off grid photovoltaic systems Site survey Energy estimation Feasibility study Engineering and design Procurement Installation ti and commissioning i i Support for liaison for clearances and permits Other value added services

23 Services Offered by E.I.R.L 2. Long term O&M, which includes: Monitoring and control of complete plant Total maintenance based on preventive systems Spares management Other value added services 3. Financial services to client

24 Project References * 0,5 MWp 2 MWp 8 MWp 40 MWp (*) 2010 Provisional information 49 MWp 69 MWp Total PV power installed up to 30 th of July, 2010.

25 Project References INSTALLATION NAME POWER PEAK POWER (kwn) (kwp) SOLAR MODULES FIXED OR TRACKING INVERTERS CASAS DE HARO ESPERANZA 149,00 188,36 SHOTT SOLAR (283Wp) ESAUME ROTATIVE AXIS INGECON SUN 3.3 POZOAMARGO 1.160, ,29 IBC 225 Wp, ST 220, REC220 ERCAM eléctrico FRONIUS IG 30, 40, 60 Y 500 CASA CARACOLES 499,00 595,66 REC 220W, SMC210 ERCAM eléctrico INGETEAM 3,3KW and 80KW EDUARDO 998, ,29 REC 220W ERCAM hidráulico FRONIUS 3,3 CASAS 1.584, ,20 LUXOR 175Wp ERCAM hidraulicos OMROM 3,3kw monofasicos LA HERRERA 2.498, ,95 TRINA 175Wp ERCAM & Fixed OMRON 3,3KW PRADEJON 2.900, ,40 TRINA 175Wp ERCAM SMA 5000A, 2 HUEDO 990, ,53 ST SOLAR 220Wp, TITAN 220Wp POLAR SUN SMA 5000A, 2 SARA 1.010, ,77 TITAN 220Wp POLAR SUN SMA 5000A, 2 GARCIA 1.000, ,36 TITAN 220WP ERCAM SMC5000A BALAZOTE 996, ,06 REC 220W SALIX SOLAR SALIX 8300 TOPAS 350,00 419,30 REC 220W SALIX SOLAR SALIX 8300 CARBAJOSA LA SAGRADA 2.000, ,00 SILIKEN ERCAM SOLARMAX 100C 100KW LAS TIESAS O CASA CAPITAN 2.000, ,65 260Wp. SUNTECH, SOLARFUNK 175W, NIMBO SOLAR 175W GINERER Y ERCAM SMC 5000ª CAMPOLLANO 5.000, ,55 TITAN 220W FIXED SMA8000TL 8KW y SMC5000 CALZADILLA - EL CARRASCAL 554,40 665,28 TITAN 220W, 210, 230 ERCAM hidraulicos INGETEAM 3,3KW, monofasicos ARÉVALO 1.890, ,97 SUNTECH 260W GIRENER SMA5000A OLMEDA DE LA CUESTA 6.000, ,56 REC 220W FIXED SMA 8000TL, 8KWn(40x96) TORREMOCHA 255,00 304,74 REC 220W GIRENER DANFOS 10KW MANJARRES 1.728, ,61 SILIKEN ERCAM SMC 5000A & FRONIUS IG 31 SANTO DOMINGO 1.886, ,89 SILIKEN ERCAM SMC 5000A, SB 3000, SB 3800 CUESTA BLANCA 3.000, ,15 TRINA Wp FIXED SOLARMAX 100C 100KW CAÑAMERO 5.500, ,00 GADIR CADMOS 80Wp FIXED SOLARMAX 100C 100KW ZAMORA 9.900, ,00 TRINA SOLAR ERCAM & Fixed SOLARMAX 100C 100KW CUBIERTAS 4.325, ,11 TRINA SOLAR, REC, SUNTECH, SOLAR FUN, LUXOR, NINGBO FIXED SMA, SOLARMAX, INGETEAM TOTAL: , ,68

26 Project References 6 MWp, Thin film with Fixed tilt System

27 Project References 4 MWp, Polycrystalline with 2 Axis Tracker

28 Project References 3 MWp, Polycrystalline with 2 Axis Tracker

29 Project References 7 MWp, Polycrystalline with Fixed tilt System

30 Thank You