The Pennsylvania System of School Assessment

Transcription

1 The Pennsylvania System of School ssessment Science Item and Scoring Sampler Grade 4 Pennsylvania epartment of Education ureau of ssessment and ccountability

2 TLE OF ONTENTS Introduction General Scoring Guidelines for Science Science Reporting ategories escription of Sample Items Multiple-hoice Items First Open-Ended Item Item-Specific Scoring Guideline Open-Ended Item Responses Second Open-Ended Item Item-Specific Scoring Guideline Open-Ended Item Responses Third Open-Ended Item Item-Specific Scoring Guideline Open-Ended Item Responses Grade 4 Science Item Sampler iii

3 SIENE INTROUTION General Introduction The epartment of Education provides districts and schools with tools to assist in delivering focused instructional programs aligned to the state assessment system. These tools include assessment anchor documents, assessment handbooks, and content-based item and scoring samplers. This Science Item and Scoring Sampler is a useful tool for Pennsylvania educators in the preparation of local instructional programs and the statewide Pennsylvania System of School ssessment (PSS). What Is Included The Science Item and Scoring Samplers do not contain newly released items. The samplers are a reproduction of previously released items. This item and scoring sampler contains science multiple-choice and open-ended items. These items are examples of science items that may be used to assess student performance on the PSS. These items provide an idea of the types of items that will appear on the operational Spring 2009 PSS. Each item has been through a rigorous review process to ensure alignment with the ssessment nchors. Purpose and Uses The items in this sampler may be used as examples for creating assessment items at the classroom level, and they may also be copied and used as part of a local instructional program.* lassroom teachers may find it beneficial to have students respond to the open-ended items in the sampler. Educators can then use the sampler as a guide to score the responses either independently or together with colleagues within a school or district. Item Format and Scoring Guidelines The multiple-choice items have four answer choices. Each correct response to a multiple-choice item is worth one point. Each short open-ended (SOE) item is designed to take about ten minutes to complete. uring an official testing administration, students are given additional time as necessary to complete the test items. Each open-ended item in science is scored using an item-specific scoring guideline based on a 0 2 point scale. In this sampler, every itemspecific scoring guideline is combined with examples of student responses representing each score point to form a practical item-specific scoring guide. The sampler also includes the General Scoring Guidelines for Science used to develop the item-specific guidelines and guides. The General Scoring Guidelines should be used if any additional item-specific scoring guidelines are created for use within local instructional programs.* * The permission to copy and/or use these materials does not extend to commercial purposes. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

4 SIENE GENERL SORING GUIELINES FOR SIENE 2 The response demonstrates a thorough understanding of the scientific content, concepts, and procedures required by the task(s). The response provides a clear, complete, and correct response as required by the task(s). The response may contain a minor blemish or omission in work or explanation that does not detract from demonstrating a thorough understanding. 1 The response demonstrates a partial understanding of the scientific content, concepts, and procedures required by the task(s). The response is somewhat correct with partial understanding of the required scientific content, concepts, and/or procedures demonstrated and/or explained. The response may contain some work that is incomplete or unclear. 0 The response provides insufficient evidence to demonstrate any understanding of the scientific content, concepts, and procedures as required by the task(s) for that grade level. The response may show only information copied or rephrased from the question or insuffi cient correct information to receive a score of 1. Special categories within zero reported separately: LK (blank) No response or written refusal to respond or too brief to determine response OT Off task/topic LOE Response in a language other than English IL Illegible Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

5 SIENE SIENE REPORTING TEGORIES Science scores are reported in four categories: The Nature of Science iological Sciences Physical Sciences Earth and Space Sciences ESRIPTION OF SMPLE ITEMS The science stand-alone multiple-choice items begin on the next page. Each item is preceded by the ssessment nchor and Eligible ontent coding. nswer options are followed by a brief analysis or rationale. The correct multiple-choice answer is indicated by an asterisk (*) in the item and labeled as Key in the analysis. Stand-alone 2-point SOE items follow the multiple-choice items. Each of these is displayed with an item-specific scoring guideline and samples of responses with scores and annotations. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

6 SIENE MULTIPLE-HOIE ITEMS Use the drawing below to answer question student makes a drawing of the night sky. Which statement correctly explains the size of the objects in the picture? The Moon is drawn smaller than the tree because it is smaller than the tree. The Moon is drawn larger than the stars because it is farther away than the stars. The stars are drawn smaller than the Moon because they are farther away than the Moon. * The stars are drawn smaller than the mountains because they are smaller than the mountains The Moon is larger than the tree. The Moon is closer than the stars. Key: ecause the stars are so far away, they appear smaller than the Moon, which is closer. The stars are larger than the mountains. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

7 SIENE Which statement best describes the motion of Earth? Use the pictures below to answer question 3. It spins as it orbits the Sun. * It spins as it orbits the Moon. It makes one complete turn as it orbits the Sun. It makes one complete turn as it orbits the Moon Key: Earth rotates (spins) as it revolves around the Sun. Earth does not orbit the Moon. Earth rotates about 365 times as it orbits the Sun once. Earth does not orbit the Moon. 3. hover fly looks like a honey bee. Which statement best explains how this adaptation helps the hover fly survive? Looking like a honey bee keeps other animals away from the hover fly s food. Looking like a honey bee allows the hover fly to collect more pollen. Looking like a honey bee allows the hover fly to blend with its environment. Looking like a honey bee keeps some predators from trying to eat the hover fly. * Other creatures would not avoid the fly s food. The fly only looks like a bee; it does not act like a bee. Looking like a bee does not mean the fly will blend into its environment. Key: Predators that avoid bees will stay away from the fly because it looks like a bee. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

8 SIENE Use the model below to answer question 4. light plastic cover water drops plants air fresh water snail soil 4. Which statement is an observation most likely made about this model? Soil erosion occurs when moving water flows over the soil. Water drops form on the plastic cover and fall back on the plants. * The snail prefers to drink water drops than to drink fresh water. Plants grow better when planted outside than when planted inside The only moving water is the drops; this would not be a good model to show soil erosion. Key: In this model, water drops could be observed falling from the plastic cover on the plants. This is an opinion, not an observation. This model does not show plants growing outside. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

9 SIENE Use the table below to answer question 5. aily High Temperatures ate day before yesterday yesterday today tomorrow Temperature 52 F 48 F 46 F? 5. Which temperature is the best prediction of tomorrow s daily high temperature? 428F * 558F 628F 758F Key: The temperature is going down by two to four degrees each day. This would be an increase in temperature when the trend shows a drop in temperature. This would be an increase in temperature when the trend shows a drop in temperature. This would be an increase in temperature when the trend shows a drop in temperature. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

10 SIENE What is one way that humans can use water resources for recreation? They ride in boats on rivers. * They raise fish to sell in stores. They spray water on crops in fields. They build dams to make electricity. Key: This use of a water resource is typically recreational. This use is not typically recreational. This use is not typically recreational. This use is not typically recreational teacher brings a branch from a tree into a science classroom. The students need to observe the leaf buds on the branch. Which statement correctly describes the best tool to use for these observations? compass can magnify the leaf buds. hand lens can magnify the leaf buds. * telescope can allow leaf buds to be viewed from across the classroom. pair of binoculars can allow leaf buds to be viewed from across the classroom. compass is used to determine direction; it would not be helpful for viewing leaf buds on a branch. Key: simple hand lens will magnify the leaf buds for observation. telescope is used to view objects that are far away; it would not be helpful for viewing leaf buds in a classroom setting. inoculars are useful when looking at distant objects; they would not be helpful for viewing leaf buds in a classroom setting. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

11 SIENE Which tool is used to measure the speed of the wind? * This is a thermometer; it is used to measure air temperature. This is a wind turbine; it generates wind power. The wind turbine can also indicate wind direction, but it does not measure wind speed. This is a stopwatch; it is used to measure elapsed time. Key: This is an anemometer; it is used to measure wind speed. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

12 SIENE Use the picture below to answer question Which list best shows the basic needs of a living oak tree? shelter, soil, water, insects soil, water, sunlight, air * water, sunlight, shelter, soil sunlight, insects, air, shelter Which statement describes the location of the bird in the picture? The bird is on the rock. * The bird is under the dandelion. The bird is to the right of the rock. In general, shelter and insects are not basic needs of a living oak tree. Key: n oak tree s basic needs include soil, water, sunlight, and air. In general, shelter is not a basic need of a living oak tree. In general, insects and shelter are not basic needs of a living oak tree. The bird is to the left of the dandelion Key: The bird is on the rock. The bird is to the right of the dandelion. The bird is not on either side of the rock. The bird is to the right of the dandelion. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

13 SIENE Use the list below to answer question new leaf buds on a plant. Which life process is most likely represented by the budding of the new leaf? growth * digestion respiration photosynthesis The students in a class are given a list of objects to classify. Which physical property is best to use to classify the objects into only three groups? color magnetism state of matter * Key: The budding leaf is part of a plant s growth process. The budding leaf does not represent the process of digestion. The budding leaf does not represent the process of respiration. The budding leaf represents plant growth, not the specific process of photosynthesis. ability to conduct electricity lassifying by color would place the objects into many groups. lassifying by magnetism would generate only two groups magnetic and nonmagnetic. Key: The objects can be classified into three broad states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. lassifying the objects by their ability to conduct electricity would generate only two groups. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

14 SIENE Use the graph below to answer question Four bird-watching clubs reported the number of robins seen in each of their cities. Which statement is a fact about the robins seen in 2006? The Lancaster club reported the greatest number of robins. * The West hester club reported the prettiest robins. The Philadelphia club reported the least number of robins. The Green Lane club reported more robins than were seen in Key: This is a fact supported by the data. This is an opinion, not a fact. The West hester club reported the least number of robins. The data do not support this statement; 2005 data are not displayed. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

15 SIENE Use the drawing of a circuit below to answer question Students are investigating raccoons. Which question could best be answered by making observations? How many raccoons live in forests? Why do raccoons clean their food? What are young raccoons called? Which foods do raccoons eat? * Which description best describes this circuit? Electric current is running through this series circuit. Electric current is not running through this series circuit. * This can be answered by reading information in a library or on the Internet. This could be answered by reading information in a library or on the Internet. This could be answered by reading information in a library or on the Internet. Key: This question could be answered through observations and experimentation. Electric current is running through this parallel circuit. Electric current is not running through this parallel circuit The drawing shows a series circuit. However, the switch is open, so no current is running through the circuit. Key: The drawing shows a series circuit with an open switch. When the switch is open in a series circuit, electrical energy cannot run through the circuit. The drawing shows a series circuit. The drawing shows a series circuit. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

16 SIENE FIRST OPEN-ENE ITEM This is a short open-ended (SOE) question. It is worth two points. 16. Some water moves through a watershed as a part of the water cycle. Part : escribe one way water moves into a watershed. In your answer, identify the source of the water. Part : escribe one way water moves out of a watershed. In your answer, explain where the water goes Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

17 SIENE ITEM-SPEIFI SORING GUIELINE Item #16 This item will be reported under ategory, Earth and Space Sciences. ssessment nchor:.1.3 escribe Earth s different sources of water or describe changes in the form of water. Specific Eligible ontent addressed by this item: Scoring Guide: Explain the role and relationship of a watershed or a wetland on water sources (e.g., water storage, groundwater recharge, water filtration, water source, water cycle). Part : escribe one way water moves into a watershed. In your answer, identify the source of the water. Part : escribe one way water moves out of a watershed. In your answer, explain where the water goes. Score Nonscorable In this item, the student demonstrates a thorough understanding of the role and relationship of a watershed or a wetland on water sources by describing one way that water moves into a watershed from a specific source and describing one way water moves out of a watershed to a specific place. The response is clear, complete, and correct. demonstrates a partial understanding of the role and relationship of a watershed or a wetland on water sources by describing one way that water moves into a watershed from a specific source or describing one way water moves out of a watershed to a specific place. The response may contain some work that is incomplete or unclear. provides insuffi cient evidence to demonstrate any understanding of the content being tested. LK (blank) No response or written refusal to respond or response too brief to determine response OT Off task/topic LOE Response in a language other than English IL Illegible Note: No deductions should be taken for misspelled words or grammatical errors. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

18 SIENE OPEN-ENE ITEM RESPONSES Response Score: This is a short open-ended (SOE) question. It is worth two points. 16. Some water moves through a watershed as a part of the water cycle. Part : escribe one way water moves into a watershed. In your answer, identify the source of the water. The student response to part is correct. Part : escribe one way water moves out of a watershed. In your answer, explain where the water goes. The student response to part is correct Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

19 SIENE Response Score: This is a short open-ended (SOE) question. It is worth two points. 16. Some water moves through a watershed as a part of the water cycle. Part : escribe one way water moves into a watershed. In your answer, identify the source of the water. The student response to part is correct. Part : escribe one way water moves out of a watershed. In your answer, explain where the water goes. The student response to part is incorrect. Rivers and streams are both parts of a particular watershed Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

20 SIENE Response Score: This is a short open-ended (SOE) question. It is worth two points. 16. Some water moves through a watershed as a part of the water cycle. Part : escribe one way water moves into a watershed. In your answer, identify the source of the water. The student response to part is incorrect. Water evaporating from a lake would be leaving a watershed, not moving into it. Part : escribe one way water moves out of a watershed. In your answer, explain where the water goes. The student response to part is incorrect. Rain clouds are not considered a part of a watershed Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

21 SIENE SEON OPEN-ENE ITEM This is a short open-ended (SOE) question. It is worth two points. Use the picture below to answer question hoose two of the physical properties listed below. Use these two properties to describe the steel paperclip. Physical Properties mass shape magnetism state conductivity Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

22 SIENE ITEM-SPEIFI SORING GUIELINE Item #17 This item will be reported under ategory, Physical Sciences ssessment nchor:.1.1 escribe observable physical properties of matter. Specific Eligible ontent addressed by this item: Scoring Guide: Use physical properties [e.g., mass, shape, size, volume, color, texture, magnetic property, state (i.e., solid, liquid, and gas), conductivity (i.e., electrical and heat)] to describe matter. hoose two of the physical properties listed below. Use these two properties to describe the steel paperclip. Score Nonscorable In this item, the student demonstrates a thorough understanding of how physical properties are used to describe matter by providing correct descriptions of the paperclip using two of the physical properties listed. The response is clear, complete, and correct. demonstrates a partial understanding of how physical properties are used to describe matter by providing one correct description of the paperclip using one of the physical properties listed. The response may contain some work that is incomplete or unclear. provides insuffi cient evidence to demonstrate any understanding of the content being tested. LK (blank) No response or written refusal to respond or response too brief to determine response OT Off task/topic LOE Response in a language other than English IL Illegible Note: No deductions should be taken for misspelled words or grammatical errors. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

23 SIENE OPEN-ENE ITEM RESPONSES Response Score: This is a short open-ended (SOE) question. It is worth two points. Use the picture below to answer question hoose two of the physical properties listed below. Use these two properties to describe the steel paperclip. Physical Properties mass shape magnetism state conductivity The student response correctly describes the paperclip using two physical properties from the list: mass and magnetism Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

24 SIENE Response Score: This is a short open-ended (SOE) question. It is worth two points. Use the picture below to answer question hoose two of the physical properties listed below. Use these two properties to describe the steel paperclip. Physical Properties mass shape magnetism state conductivity The student response is partially correct by describing the paperclip using one physical property from the list: conductivity. Holding papers together is not a physical property on the list Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

25 SIENE Response Score: This is a short open-ended (SOE) question. It is worth two points. Use the picture below to answer question hoose two of the physical properties listed below. Use these two properties to describe the steel paperclip. Physical Properties mass shape magnetism state conductivity The student response does not use any physical property listed to describe the paperclip Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

26 SIENE THIR OPEN-ENE ITEM This is a short open-ended (SOE) question. It is worth two points. 18. otton is often used to make consumer products. Part : Identify the source of cotton. Part : Identify one consumer product that is made from cotton Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

27 SIENE ITEM-SPEIFI SORING GUIELINE Item #18 This item will be reported under ategory, The Nature of Science. ssessment nchor:.3.1 Identify systems and describe relationships among parts of a familiar system (e.g., digestive system, simple machines, water cycle). Specific Eligible ontent addressed by this item: Scoring Guide: Identify the parts of the food and fiber systems as they relate to agricultural products from the source to the consumer. Part : Identify the source of cotton. Part : Identify one consumer product that is made from cotton. Score Nonscorable In this item, the student demonstrates a thorough understanding of the food and fiber system by identifying plants as the source for cotton and one consumer product made from cotton. The response is clear, complete, and correct. demonstrates a partial understanding of the food and fiber system by identifying plants as the source for cotton or identifying one consumer product that is made from cotton. The response may contain some work that is incomplete or unclear. provides insuffi cient evidence to demonstrate any understanding of the content being tested. LK (blank) No response or written refusal to respond or response too brief to determine response OT Off task/topic LOE Response in a language other than English IL Illegible Note: No deductions should be taken for misspelled words or grammatical errors. Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

28 SIENE OPEN-ENE ITEM RESPONSES Response Score: This is a short open-ended (SOE) question. It is worth two points. 18. otton is often used to make consumer products. Part : Identify the source of cotton. The student response to part is correct. Part : Identify one consumer product that is made from cotton. The student response to part is correct Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

29 SIENE Response Score: This is a short open-ended (SOE) question. It is worth two points. 18. otton is often used to make consumer products. Part : Identify the source of cotton. The student response to part is incorrect. otton comes from a cotton plant. Part : Identify one consumer product that is made from cotton. The student response to part is correct Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

30 SIENE Response Score: This is a short open-ended (SOE) question. It is worth two points. 18. otton is often used to make consumer products. Part : Identify the source of cotton. The student response to part is incorrect. The student has confused cotton with silk. otton comes from a cotton plant. Part : Identify one consumer product that is made from cotton. The student response to part is incorrect. otton can be made into many things, but anything is too broad Grade 4 Science Item Sampler

31 Science Grade 4 Item and Scoring Sampler opyright 2008 by the Pennsylvania epartment of Education. The materials contained in this publication may be duplicated by Pennsylvania educators for local classroom use. This permission does not extend to the duplication of materials for commercial use.