Resources that can be replaced, given a sufficient amount of time. Nonrenewable Resources: Food, oxygen, wood, wind, water.

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2 What are the different types of resources? Renewable Resources- Resources that can be replaced, given a sufficient amount of time Ex: Food, oxygen, wood, wind, water Nonrenewable Resources: Once used up, cannot be replaced Ex: Fossil fuels (gas, coal,oil), minerals (aluminum, silicon)

3 How can we conserve resources? (avoid depleting them) -Recycle, plant crops, plant trees, use alternative energy sources How can we use alternative sources of energy instead of using up our non-renewable resources? Ex: Use solar energy instead of burning oil or coal Advantages: Less pollution, not depleting a non-renewable resource, Cheaper electric bill, conserving energy Disadvantages: Expensive to install Other alternative sources of energy that are more Environmentally friendly: Wind from Windmills, hydro power (water) from dams, wood burning Stoves, use energy efficient appliances, LED lights, energy Efficient light-bulbs ***all of these are ways to help conserve energy

4 What natural processes affect living organisms? Biotic: The processes of PHOTOSYNTHESIS and RESPIRATION maintain the levels of O2 and CO2 (carried out by plants and animals) Abiotic: Rainfall cleans the air of particles and soluble gases as it falls -Soil forms when weathering breaks down rocks and when organic debris accumulates -Root systems and vegetation hold soil in place and Help fight erosion

5 Helps to maintain a supply of fresh water

6 -Nutrients (nitrates) recycled into the environment by DECOMPOSERS (Decomposition is the process) by Breaking down wastes and dead organisms -Humans and animals must ingest nitrogen through foods we eat, we CANNOT breathe it in and plants must take it up from the soil Ex: By leaving dead plants in garden, decomposers Will recycle the nutrients and make the soil more fertile -Sun (constant source) passes energy throughout an ecosystem through food webs and food chains -Energy CANNOT be recycled

7 How do humans modify ecosystems and contribute to the loss of diversity? -As population grows, we use more resources to make things we need or WANT and we take up more space -Remember carrying capacity Earth has a human carrying capacity!! Ex: building more roads, building more houses, growing more food, using up land, using more energy -Destruction or removal of a species from their natural habitat, disrupting food webs Ex: Exotic pets, ivory from elephants, pelts from baby seals

8 -When habitats are destroyed, displaced animals rarely find another place to live. -Food webs are disrupted, natural resources depleted, deforestation (removal of trees) increased, loss of genetic resources -Chemical fertilizers and pesticides released into the air and water -Increasing pollution and wind up in the food web (toxic Chemicals get trapped in the cells of organisms) -As you travel up the energy pyramid, energy DECREASES, and toxicity INCREASES (Predator highest level of toxicity!!)

9 -Import and release a species from one habitat into another -Many species become pests because they have no natural enemy in the new habitat, disrupt food web -Controlled by diseased organisms, pesticides, Chemical traps, and introducing a new predator What are some ecological problems that result from Human Impact? -Humans modify ecosystems through population growth, Consumption, and technology Negative Effects: Pollution, increased energy demand, increased water demand, depletion of Non-renewable resources

10 -Caused by the addition of pollutants to natural environments and wind up in our aquatic environments Sources of water pollution: -Acid rain - industrial waste -sewage - pesticides -fertilizers -oil Remember what goes up, must come down! -Burning of fossil fuels and spraying of chemicals releases pollutants into the air Ex: driving cars, factory smoke, pesticides/insecticides Possible solutions: car pool, hybrid cars, use chemical Traps, use mass transit, filters on smoke stacks

11 -Heating up of our waterways (rivers, streams, lakes), causing the O2 level to decrease killing organisms (Warm water cannot hold as much dissolved O2 as cold water) Ex: Power plants and factories using waterways to cool down their machines -Rainfall with a low ph (0-6) -Caused when precipitation mixes with fossil fuels in the atmosphere (sulfur and nitrogen) from cars, factories, etc -Damages plants, kills aquatic life, damages buildings and cars Possible solutions: hybrid cars, filters on smoke stacks

12 -The heating of Earth s average temperature -Caused from an increase in release of greenhouse gases (CO2,carbon monoxide) -Polar ice caps will melt leading to new ice age, coastal Flooding, death of many species Human activities leading to global warming: driving cars, Deforestation, building houses, building roads, industrialization Possible Solutions: carpool, ride bicycles, hybrid cars, Plant more trees

13 -Layer of protective gas (ozone shield) over Earth is wearing away -Caused from the release of certain industrial gases (CFC s) - Leading to increased UV rays reaching Earth s surface which is destroying producers, decreasing O2 levels, increasing skin cancer, destroying food webs Human activities: use of air conditioning coolants, refrigerator coolants, manufacturing of plastic foam Possible solutions: use energy star products, fans

14 -Decrease of diversity within an ecosystem -Losing medicines, affecting atmospheric gases, Interrupts food webs, increasing global warming Human activities: pollution, fishing, hunting, farming, Land development, building roads Possible Solutions: plant more trees, pass hunting laws, Strict pollution laws, more parks, animal preservations