PROTOTYPE FOR SPRING SYSTEM ASSESSMENTS. Debra Harrington and Haizhi Chen FDEP Groundwater Protection Watershed Monitoring Meeting February, 2005

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1 PROTOTYPE FOR SPRING SYSTEM ASSESSMENTS Debra Harrington and Haizhi Chen FDEP Groundwater Protection Watershed Monitoring Meeting February, 2005

2 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT and BASIN ASSESSMENTS IDENTIFY WATER QUALITY ISSUES BASIN ASSESSMENTS GRI SRA IWR Interaction Ground Water Surface Water Spring Water

3 SPRING SCREENING TOOLS GROUND WATER RESOURCE INDEX (GRI) Potable water Highest designated use of ground water. Uses ground water standards for contaminant groups such as BIOLOGICAL, NUTRIENTS, ORGANICS, INORGANICS AND SALTWATER INTRUSION. The GRI is based on the percent of wells that exceed a ground water standard and is calculated with and without aquifer stratification. The GRI is used to assess spring samples obtained from conduits, monitor wells and drinking water wells located in the springshed. Important areas are identified that may need further investigation. GW/ SW RELATIONAL ASSESSMENT (SRA) Base flow Baseflow that supports aquatic life. Uses surface water criteria and reference values to evaluate ground water flowing from spring vents. The SRA is based on the percent of samples that exceed a threshold related to the environmental conditions necessary to support aquatic life. The SRA is used to assess samples obtained from spring vents, boils, seeps, runs and other surface water bodies associated with springs. Other integrated information such as topography, hydrology, stratigraphy, percent baseflow, and microlanduse are also considered.

4 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS AND CRITERIA FOR SPRING SAMPLES GRI - GW Primary and Secondary Standards Evaluate quality of ground water resource Determine if gw suitable for potable water use SRA SW Standards/Reference Thresholds Evaluate quality of gw contributions to sw Determine if gw to sw interaction supports aquatic life GRI and SRA Screening Threshold Further investigation if over 10% wells Did Not Meet Standards/Reference Thresholds Planning list for IWR and SRA used to identify areas for local ground water surface water studies

5 GW STANDARDS SURFACE WATER CRITERIA

6 NEW ASSESSMENT TERMS

7 SPRINGSHEDS Spring Cluster v. Spring Group Springshed Names Boundaries Determined by FGS Hydrologic Studies (dye tracing, natural tracers) Springshed Wells

8 SPRING SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION GROUND WATER SITES Conduit (grab samples) Conduit Tubing Monitor Well SURFACE WATER SITES Vent Seep Boil Run Open Drain (siphon, pjole, karst window etc.)

9 TYPES OF SAMPLING SITES Low Flow Regimes High Flow Regimes

10 NEW ASSESSMENT TOOLS

12 HYDROPORT RETRIEVAL APPLICATION

13 HYDROPORT STATISTICS REPORT

14 HYDROPORT STATIONS REPORT

15 ICHETUCKNEE SPRING CLUSTER ASSESSMENT

17 GEOLOGY IN STUDY AREA

19 DYE TRACE STUDIES Ground Water Travel Time 7 miles in 6 days

22 ICHETUCKNEE SPRING SYSTEM ASSESSMENT (Median Values and SRA %) RESOURCE NAME NITRATE + NITRITE TOTAL NITRATE + NITRITE DISS AMMONIA TOTAL AMMONIA DISS PHOSPHORUS TOTAL PHOSPHORUS DISS ORTHOPHOSPHATE DISS ICHETUCKNEE CLUSTER COMBINED SPRINGS samples 95.5% 95.5% 77.3% 72.7% 59.1% SPRINGSHED GROUND WATER WELLS samples 30 wells ICHETUCKNEE HEAD SPRING Samples 100% 100% 44.4% 33.3% 0% CEDAR HEAD SPRING Sample 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% BLUE HOLE SPRING (COLUMBIA) Samples 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% MISSION SPRING Samples 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% DEVIL S EYE SPRING 0 samples GRASSY HOLE SPRING 0 sample MILL POND SPRING sample 0% 0% 100% 100% 100% COFFEE SPRING 0 sample

23 NITROGEN CYCLE

26 Spring Nitrate Trends Ichetucknee Springs Cluster 9/1/01 11/1/01 1/1/02 3/1/02 5/1/02 7/1/02 9/1/02 11/1/02 1/1/03 3/1/03 5/1/03 7/1/03 9/1/03 11/1/03 1/1/04 3/1/04 5/1/04 7/1/04 9/1/04 Linear Trend SRA Value Nitrates (Nitrate+Nitrite) (mg/l)

27 Spring Nitrate Trends Ichetucknee Springs Cluster /1/01 11/1/01 1/1/02 3/1/02 5/1/02 7/1/02 9/1/02 11/1/02 1/1/03 3/1/03 5/1/03 7/1/03 9/1/03 11/1/03 1/1/04 3/1/04 5/1/04 7/1/04 9/1/04 Blue Hole Cedar Head Ichetucknee Head Mission Mill Pond SRA Threshold Nitrates (Nitrate+Nitrite) (mg/l)

29 Ground Water Nitrate Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells 1/1/86 1/1/87 1/1/88 1/1/89 1/1/90 1/1/91 1/1/92 1/1/93 1/1/94 1/1/95 1/1/96 1/1/97 1/1/98 1/1/99 1/1/00 1/1/01 1/1/02 1/1/03 1/1/04 1/1/05 Linear Trend SRA Value Nitrates (Nitrate+Nitrite) (mg/l) Spring Nitrate Trends Ichetucknee Springs Cluster 1/1/86 1/1/87 1/1/88 1/1/89 1/1/90 1/1/91 1/1/92 1/1/93 1/1/94 1/1/95 1/1/96 1/1/97 1/1/98 1/1/99 1/1/00 1/1/01 1/1/02 1/1/03 1/1/04 1/1/05 Linear Trend SRA Value COMPARE NITRATES IN SPRINGS TO GROUND WATER Nitrates (Nitrate+Nitrite) (mg/l)

33 Unconfined Ground Water Nitrate Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells 3/1/86 3/1/87 3/1/88 3/1/89 3/1/90 3/1/91 3/1/92 3/1/93 3/1/94 3/1/95 3/1/96 3/1/97 3/1/98 3/1/99 3/1/00 3/1/01 3/1/02 3/1/03 3/1/04 3/1/05 Linear Trend SRA Value COMPARE NITRATES IN UNCONFINED & CONFINED GROUND WATER Confined Ground Water Nitrate Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells Nitrates (Nitrate+Nitrite) (mg/l) 3/1/86 3/1/87 3/1/88 3/1/89 3/1/90 3/1/91 3/1/92 3/1/93 3/1/94 3/1/95 3/1/96 3/1/97 3/1/98 3/1/99 3/1/00 3/1/01 3/1/02 3/1/03 3/1/04 3/1/05 Linear Trend SRA Value Nitrates (Nitrate+Nitrite) (mg/l)

34 Unconfined Ground Water Nitrate Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells 3/1/86 3/1/87 3/1/88 3/1/89 3/1/90 3/1/91 3/1/92 3/1/93 3/1/94 3/1/95 3/1/96 3/1/97 3/1/98 3/1/99 3/1/00 3/1/01 3/1/02 3/1/03 3/1/04 3/1/05 Trimmed Outlier Linear Trend SRA Value TRIM OUTLIERS AND COMPARE NITRATES IN UNCONFINED & CONFINED GROUND WATER Confined Ground Water Nitrate Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells Nitrates (Nitrate+Nitrite) (mg/l) 3/1/86 3/1/87 3/1/88 3/1/89 3/1/90 3/1/91 3/1/92 3/1/93 3/1/94 3/1/95 3/1/96 3/1/97 3/1/98 3/1/99 3/1/00 3/1/01 3/1/02 3/1/03 3/1/04 3/1/05 Linear Trend SRA Value Nitrates (Nitrate+Nitrite) (mg/l)

36 Spring Phosphorus Trends Ichetucknee Springs Cluster 9/1/01 11/1/01 1/1/02 3/1/02 5/1/02 7/1/02 9/1/02 11/1/02 1/1/03 3/1/03 5/1/03 7/1/03 9/1/03 11/1/03 1/1/04 3/1/04 5/1/04 7/1/04 9/1/04 Linear Trend SRA Value Phosphorus (Total, Dissolved, Orthophosphate) (mg/l)

37 Spring Phosphorus Trends Ichetucknee Springs Cluster /1/01 11/1/01 1/1/02 3/1/02 5/1/02 7/1/02 9/1/02 11/1/02 1/1/03 3/1/03 5/1/03 7/1/03 9/1/03 11/1/03 1/1/04 3/1/04 5/1/04 7/1/04 9/1/04 Blue Hole Cedar Head Ichetucknee Head Mill Pond Mission SRA Value Phosphorus (Total, Dissolved, Orthophosphate) (mg/l)

38 Spring Phosphorus Trends Ichetucknee Springs Cluster COMPARE PHOSPHORUS IN SPRINGS TO GROUND WATER 3/1/86 3/1/87 3/1/88 3/1/89 3/1/90 3/1/91 3/1/92 3/1/93 3/1/94 3/1/95 3/1/96 3/1/97 3/1/98 3/1/99 3/1/00 3/1/01 3/1/02 3/1/03 3/1/04 3/1/05 Ground Water Phosphorus Trends Linear Trend SRA Value Ichetucknee Springshed Wells Outliers at Stations 2397, 2399, Phosphorus (Total, Dissolved, Orthophosphate) (mg/l) 3/1/86 3/1/87 3/1/88 3/1/89 3/1/90 3/1/91 3/1/92 3/1/93 3/1/94 3/1/95 3/1/96 3/1/97 3/1/98 3/1/99 3/1/00 3/1/01 3/1/02 3/1/03 3/1/04 3/1/05 Phosphorus (Total, Dissolved, Orthophosphate) (mg/l) Linear Trend SRA Value

39 Confined Ground Water Phosphorus Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells Outliers Trimmed for Station /1/86 3/1/87 3/1/88 3/1/89 3/1/90 3/1/91 3/1/92 3/1/93 3/1/94 3/1/95 3/1/96 3/1/97 3/1/98 3/1/99 3/1/00 3/1/01 3/1/02 3/1/03 3/1/04 3/1/05 Linear Trend SRA Value Phosphorus (Total, Dissolved, Orthophosphate) (mg/l) Unconfined Ground Water Phosphorus Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells 3/1/86 3/1/87 3/1/88 3/1/89 3/1/90 3/1/91 3/1/92 3/1/93 3/1/94 3/1/95 3/1/96 3/1/97 3/1/98 3/1/99 3/1/00 3/1/01 3/1/02 3/1/03 3/1/04 3/1/05 Outliers Trimmed for Stations 2397 and 2343 Linear Trend SRA Value COMPARE PHOSPHORUS IN UNCONFINED & CONFINED GROUND WATER (TRIMMED OUTLIERS) Phosphorus (Total, Dissolved, Orthophosphate) (mg/l)

41 Spring Ammonia Trends Ichetucknee Springs Cluster 10/1/01 12/1/01 2/1/02 4/1/02 6/1/02 8/1/02 10/1/02 12/1/02 2/1/03 4/1/03 6/1/03 8/1/03 10/1/03 12/1/03 2/1/04 4/1/04 6/1/04 8/1/04 10/1/04 Linear Trend Median Value Ammonia (mg/l)

42 0.090 Spring Ammonia Trends Ichetucknee Springs Cluster /1/01 11/1/01 1/1/02 3/1/02 5/1/02 7/1/02 9/1/02 11/1/02 1/1/03 3/1/03 5/1/03 7/1/03 9/1/03 11/1/03 1/1/04 3/1/04 5/1/04 7/1/04 9/1/04 Blue Hole Cedar Head Ichetucknee Head Mill Pond Mission Median Value Ammonia (mg/l)

43 Ground Water Ammonia Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells 10/1/90 10/1/91 10/1/92 10/1/93 10/1/94 10/1/95 10/1/96 10/1/97 10/1/98 10/1/99 10/1/00 10/1/01 10/1/02 10/1/03 10/1/04 Linear Trend Median Value Ammonia (mg/l) Spring Ammonia Trends Ichetucknee Springs Cluster 10/1/90 10/1/91 10/1/92 10/1/93 10/1/94 10/1/95 10/1/96 10/1/97 10/1/98 10/1/99 10/1/00 10/1/01 10/1/02 10/1/03 10/1/04 Linear Trend Median Value COMPARE AMMONIA IN SPRINGS TO GROUND WATER Ammonia (mg/l)

44 Unconfined Ground Water Ammonia Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells COMPARE AMMONIA IN UNCONFINED & CONFINED GROUND WATER 10/1/90 10/1/91 10/1/92 10/1/93 10/1/94 10/1/95 10/1/96 10/1/97 10/1/98 10/1/99 10/1/00 10/1/01 10/1/02 10/1/03 10/1/04 Linear Trend Median Value Confined Ground Water Ammonia Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells Ammonia (mg/l) 10/1/90 10/1/91 10/1/92 10/1/93 10/1/94 10/1/95 10/1/96 10/1/97 10/1/98 10/1/99 10/1/00 10/1/01 10/1/02 10/1/03 10/1/04 Ammonia (mg/l) Linear Trend Median Value

45 Ground Water Ammonia Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells 10/1/90 10/1/91 10/1/92 10/1/93 10/1/94 10/1/95 10/1/96 10/1/97 10/1/98 10/1/99 10/1/00 10/1/01 10/1/02 10/1/03 10/1/04 Linear Trend Median Value COMPARE AMMONIA AND NITRATE EMPIRICAL TRENDS IN GROUND WATER Ground Water Nitrate Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells Ammonia (mg/l) 1/1/86 1/1/87 1/1/88 1/1/89 1/1/90 1/1/91 1/1/92 1/1/93 1/1/94 1/1/95 1/1/96 1/1/97 1/1/98 1/1/99 1/1/00 1/1/01 1/1/02 1/1/03 1/1/04 1/1/05 Linear Trend SRA Value Nitrates (Nitrate+Nitrite) (mg/l)

46 SUMMARY OF NUTRIENT EMPIRICAL TRENDS IN SPRINGS AND GROUND WATER

47 Spring Nitrate Trends Ichetucknee Springs Cluster /1/01 11/1/01 1/1/02 3/1/02 5/1/02 7/1/02 9/1/02 11/1/02 1/1/03 3/1/03 5/1/03 7/1/03 9/1/03 11/1/03 1/1/04 3/1/04 5/1/04 7/1/04 9/1/04 Blue Hole Cedar Head Ichetucknee Head Mission Mill Pond SRA Threshold Spring Ammonia Trends Ichetucknee Springs Cluster Nitrates (Nitrate+Nitrite) (mg/l) 9/1/01 11/1/01 1/1/02 3/1/02 5/1/02 7/1/02 9/1/02 11/1/02 1/1/03 3/1/03 5/1/03 7/1/03 9/1/03 11/1/03 1/1/04 3/1/04 5/1/04 7/1/04 9/1/04 Blue Hole Cedar Head Ichetucknee Head Mill Pond Mission Median Value Ammonia (mg/l) Spring Phosphorus Trends Ichetucknee Springs Cluster /1/01 11/1/01 1/1/02 3/1/02 5/1/02 7/1/02 9/1/02 11/1/02 1/1/03 3/1/03 5/1/03 7/1/03 9/1/03 11/1/03 1/1/04 3/1/04 5/1/04 7/1/04 9/1/04 Blue Hole Cedar Head Ichetucknee Head Mill Pond Mission SRA Value COMPARE NUTRIENT EMPIRICAL TRENDS IN SPRINGS Phosphorus (Total, Dissolved, Orthophosphate) (mg/l)

48 Ground Water Phosphorus Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells 3/1/86 3/1/87 3/1/88 3/1/89 3/1/90 3/1/91 3/1/92 3/1/93 3/1/94 3/1/95 3/1/96 3/1/97 3/1/98 3/1/99 3/1/00 3/1/01 3/1/02 3/1/03 3/1/04 3/1/ Ground Water Nitrate Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells Outliers at Stations 2397, 2399, 2343 Linear Trend SRA Value Phosphorus (Total, Dissolved, Orthophosphate) (mg/l) 1/1/86 1/1/87 1/1/88 1/1/89 1/1/90 1/1/91 1/1/92 1/1/93 1/1/94 1/1/95 1/1/96 1/1/97 1/1/98 1/1/99 1/1/00 1/1/01 1/1/02 1/1/03 1/1/04 1/1/05 Linear Trend SRA Value COMPARE NUTRIENT EMPIRICAL TRENDS IN GROUND WATER Ground Water Ammonia Trends Ichetucknee Springshed Wells Nitrates (Nitrate+Nitrite) (mg/l) 10/1/90 10/1/91 10/1/92 10/1/93 10/1/94 10/1/95 10/1/96 10/1/97 10/1/98 10/1/99 10/1/00 10/1/01 10/1/02 10/1/03 10/1/04 Linear Trend Median Value Ammonia (mg/l)

49 Spearman correlation matrix Number of observations: 222 Nitrate Values NITRATE_VAL WELL_DEPTH NITRATE_VAL WELL_DEPTH Well Depth Nitrate Values Well Depth

50 HYDROLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS Group I Ichetucknee Head Coffee Cedar Head? Blue Hole? Group II Mission Spring Devils Eye Grassy Hole Mill Pond Blue Hole? Cedar Head?

51 CONCLUSIONS FOR NITRATES Nitrate levels are distinctive for springs in the Ichetucknee Cluster. Data should not be compiled to determine overall median values or trends for springs. Nitrate levels are over the SRA threshold (0.45 mg/l) for Blue Hole, H Cedar Head, Ichetucknee Head, and Mission Springs. Increasing and similar nitrate empirical trends exist for Blue Hole H and Ichetucknee Head Springs. Ammonia levels were higher in Blue Hole Spring. Stable nitrate empirical trends exist for Mission and Mill Pond Springs. Elevated nitrates exist in the ground water in the springshed at hot spots. Nitrates were not correlated to well depths. Dye studies suggested shallow ground water flow may account for the elevated nitrates found in Ichetucknee Head and Cedar Head Springs. Deeper er regional ground water flow may account for the relatively stable trends found f in Mission and Mill Pond Springs. Decreasing ammonia and increasing nitrate empirical trends may be due to mineralization and nitrification and/or land use changes. Spring run data will be assessed for further investigation. Empirical trends shown in this prototype will be assessed for statistical significance.

52 FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT Debra Harrington or Haizhi Chen GROUND WATER PROTECTION FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA