Lime burning in India

Transcription

1 Lime burning in India

2 Resources Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite. Many limestones are composed from skeletal fragments of marine organisms. A seashell or sea shell, also known simply as a shell, is a hard, protective outer layer created by an animal that lives in the sea. Chalk, is a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite. Kankar lime, is also known red lime. It is an impure concretionary carbonate of lime, usually occurring in nodules

3 Lime cluster 1.Western region in Gujarat, Jodhpur, Jaipur and Alwar in Rajasthan, and Vani in Maharashtra 2.Northern region Dehradun in Uttaranchal, Biharigarh and Meerat in Uttar Pradesh and Ponata Sahib in Himanchal Pradesh 3.Southern region- Pidurugulla, Andhra Pradesh, Gulbarga and Bagalkol in Karnataka and Chennai,Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu, Kottayam in Kerala 4.Central region- Katni, Satna and Maihar in Madhya Pradesh

4 S.no. Cluster Type of kiln Type of lime produced 1 Piduguralla Vertical kiln Quick lime 2 Dhone Vertical shaft kiln Quick lime 3 Poanta Sahab Vertical shaft kiln Quick lime 4 Gulbarga Vertical shaft kiln 5 Katni Vertical shaft kiln Quick lime 6 Rajpur/Vani Vertical kiln Quick lime 7 Tirunelveli Batch kiln Dolomite lime 8 Dehradun Vertical shaft kiln Quick lime 9 Biharigarh Vertical shaft kiln Quick lime 10 Jodhpur (Rajasthan) Vertical shaft kiln Dolomite lime and calcite lime 11 Jaipur ( Rajasthan) Vertical kiln Dolomite lime 12 Bagalkot Quick lime 13 Kottayam, Kerala Batch kiln Shell lime 14 Chennai, Tamilnadu Batch kiln Shell lime

5 Process for firing Limestone broken to small pieces Coal broken to small pieces Alternate layers of lime stone and coal in the kiln and firing

6 Cooling and taking the material out Sieving and removing over burnt and under burnt lime- removing lime ash Packing in Air tight bags

7 Dambala, Karnataka 1. Traditional kilns in rural areas 2. Called as bhatta or chulha. 3. Occasional kilns which are used occasionally for agriculture purpose to fulfill the local demands. 4. These are dome-shaped structures built of brick and mud mortar.

8 Katni and Satna region clusters whereas in Satna district, these are concentrated in Jhukeni, Maiher and Satna. 2. The region is very rich in terms of lime stone deposits. 3. Cement plants 4. All the lime kilns are located around the lime stone quarries. 5. Continuous kiln 6. Main source of lime in central and north India for building purpose 7. Quick lime- Pure

9 Katni and Satna region 1. Lime used for the construction in the rural areas 2. Lime ash for the roofs 3. Lime wash 4. Floors

10 Piduguralla, Andhra Pradesh 1. It has more than 300 lime kilns 2. and 3. The lime kilns are cylindrical in shape of a height upto 25 to These kilns are loaded from the top with a mix of crushed lime stone with coal. 5. These are continuous kilns which are feeded once in a day from the top.

11 Jaipur lime kilns 1. Few kilns are active and rest are closed 2. The small lime kilns are cylindrical in shape 3 meters 3. These kilns are feeded from the top with a mix of crushed lime stone with coal. 4. These are continuous kilns which are loaded once in a day from the top.

12 Jaipur lime kilns

13 Tirunvelveli lime kilns 1. Traditional small-scale limekilns in Tirunelveli district in Tamil Nadu 2. These kilns called ulai 3. Batch kilns 4. Typically these kilns have an open top and the kilns are constructed with local material

14 Hydration plants 1. Controlled hydration of quick lime to convert it into calcium hydraoxide 2. Limited exposure to water and air

15 Hydration plants 1. Dry hydrated powder of calcium hydroxide 2. Packing in air tight bags

16 Hydration plants 1. Need to check suitability for conservation works 2. Date of hydration 3. Method of storgae 4. Types of bags 5. And transporation 6. Material stored in open areas 7. Process of preparation

17 Shell lime kilns- Kumarkom

18 Shell lime kilns- Kumarkom 1. Shell lime kilns are locally known as Chulha. Shell lime collection from the lake 2. washing before firing 3. Petroleum coke for firing 4. Coconut shells

19 Shell lime kilns- Kumarkom

20 Shell lime kilns- Kumarkom 1. Kumarakam Lime Industrial Co-operative society located in Kumarakam region hours for firing 3. One day for cooling 4. Sieving to remove the Ash material

21 Shell lime kilns- Kumarkom

22 Shell lime kilns 1. Hydration of shell lime in batches 2. Firstly fired shell is kept in bamboo bucket 3. Water is poured in the buckets 4. Spreading wet material is spread over the polythene on the ground. 5. Hydration in an hour

23 1. Sieve and packed in air tight bags. 2. This is the purest form of the calcium hydroxide which is used for high quality of lime wash. 3. Lime plaster 4. Lime wash