ATOMS FOR THE FUTURE 2014 October 13-14, IAEA SERVICES Nuclear Power Reactor Technologies Construction & Operation

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1 ATOMS FOR THE FUTURE 2014 October 13-14, 2014 SERVICES Nuclear Power Reactor Technologies Construction & Operation Thomas Koshy, Head Nuclear Power Technology Development Department of Nuclear Energy International Atomic Energy Agency

2 AGENDA Nuclear Power A Snap Shot Future Reactors Wide Energy Solutions Potential For Improving Efficiency Global Nuclear Safety & Security Fundamental Safety Principles Infra Structure Development Services T.Koshy, NPTDS/ 2

3 Nuclear Power A Snap Shot Power Reactor Information System (PRIS) Sept 1, NPPs under construction 437 Operable China constructing: 27 NPPs (incl. 1 SMR: HTR-PM) Russia constructing: 10 VVERs (+ planned constructions in embarking countries (Turkey, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Belarus, Jordan, ) + KLT-40s a Floating NPP Advanced Reactors under construction: ABWR: 2 units in Japan, 2 in Taiwan EPR: 4 units: 2- China, Finland, France APR1400: 4 units in Korea, 2 units in UAE (+2 units just approved) AP1000: 4 units in USA, 4 units in China VVER1000/1200s deployments in Russian and foreign markets ESBWR received design certification from the US NRC in Sept 2014 CAP1400 completed safety review by the nuclear regulatory authority in China

4 Nuclear Power Horizon Large Light Water Reactors continue to be available with advancements for safety. PWR-based smaller reactors progressing: innovative ones a little slower Gas Cooled Reactors HTGRs Near future with greater process heat potential Fast Reactors in two decades for reducing Radwaste and increased fuel efficiency T.Koshy, NPTDS/ 4

5 Future Reactors Wide Energy Solutions Extended application due to available higher temperatures

6 Potential for Improving Thermal Efficiency of Nuclear Stations Improves overall efficiency Recover some Waste Heat Off Peak Power Utilization 34% 72% Losses Losses Potential heat recovery Net Electricity Net Electricity T.Koshy, NPTDS/ 6

7 Process heat / co-generation Boosts efficiency & Allows flexibility of operation switching between electricity and process heat 7

8 Efficient Application of Power Reactors Source: U.S. DOE,

9 Nuclear Safety Lessons 28 March 1979 Three Mile Island Accident Unit 2 26 April 1986 Chernobyl Accident Unit 4 11 March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Accident Units 1-4

10 Global Nuclear Safety and Security Framework Safety is an essential condition for a sustainable and successful nuclear power programme Safety is an integral component in all infrastructure issues Safety cannot be outsourced A safety culture starting with strong and effective leadership is essential Weak links need to be identified and strengthened

11 EXISTING SAFETY STANDARDS HIERARCHY Safety Fundamentals Safety Requirements Safety Guides Contains High Level Safety Concepts T.Koshy, NPTDS/ 11

12 Fundamental Safety Principles Principle 1: Responsibility for safety Principle 2: Role of government Principle 3: Leadership and management for safety Principle 4: Justification of facilities and activities Principle 5: Optimization of protection Principle 6: Limitations of risks to individuals Principle 7: Protection of present and future generations Principle 8: Prevention of accidents Principle 9: Emergency preparedness and response Principle 10: Protective actions to reduce existing or unregulated radiations risks must be justified and optimized Ten safety principles form the basis on which safety requirements are developed and safety measures are implemented to achieve the primary safety objective.

13 Principle 1: Responsibility for safety The prime responsibility for safety must rest with the person or organization responsible for facilities and activities that give rise to radiation risks.

14 Principle 2: Role of Government An effective legal and governmental framework for safety, including an Independent Regulatory Body, must be established and sustained.

15 Principle 3: Leadership and Management for Safety Effective leadership and management for safety must be established and sustained in organizations concerned with, and facilities and activities that give rise to, radiation risks.

16 safety culture governs attitudes and behaviours Principle 3: Leadership and Management for Safety Safety culture includes: Individual and collective commitment to safety on the part of leadership, management and personnel at all levels; Accountability of organizations and of individuals at all levels of safety; Measures to encourage a questioning and learning attitude and to discourage complacency with regard to safety.

17 Milestones in the Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power (NG-G-3.1) National position Nuclear safety Management Funding and financing Legislative framework Safeguards Regulatory framework Radiation protection Electrical grid Human resources development Stakeholder involvement Site and supporting facilities Environmental protection Emergency planning Security and physical protection Nuclear fuel cycle Radioactive waste Industrial involvement Procurement 17

18 Infrastructure Development REACTOR TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

19 REVIEW SERVICES Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 NPP site review mission IPPAS mission INSSERV mission SCART mission Pre- OSART mission ISSAS mission EPREV mission INIR mission NPP construction review mission INIR mission Integrated Nuclear Infra-structure Review; International Physical Protection Advisory Service; State System for Accounting and Control of Nuclear material-advisory Service; International Nuclear Security Advisory Service; Safety Culture Assessment Review Team; Emergency Preparedness Review; Operational Safety Review Team 19

20 Construction Readiness Review Areas Reviewed: Project Management; Engineering Readiness; Procurement / Material / Supply Chain Readiness; Quality Management and Records; Human Resources and Training; Construction Readiness; Construction Installation Completion Assurance; Targeted Reviews (as requested by customer).

21 Assistance for Site and External Events Design Site related services Site selection process Site environmental assessment Integrated site evaluation Site hazard evaluation Design related services Safety review of SSC s against external and internal hazards Design safety margin assessment

22 Expert Missions Human Resource Development Industrial Involvement Legislative assistance Regulatory Framework Communication and stakeholder involvement Technology assessment Etc. 22

23 Construction Technology Sharing Construction Technologies for Nuclear Power Plants Nuclear Energy Series NP-T-2.5 Construction Technologies for New Nuclear Projects Date: March 2015, Place: Daejeon, Republic of Korea Host: Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Company. T.Koshy, NPTDS/ 23

24 Integrated List of Services View the catalogue by clicking on the icons below: /NPTDS/T.Koshy 24

25 Comments / Questions? Thank you for your attention t.koshy@iaea.org T.Koshy, NPTDS/ 25

26 Backup Slides T.Koshy, NPTDS/ 26

27 Non Electric Applications: Cogeneration Higher efficiency by utilizing waste heat Economic advancement (cogeneration + sharing of infrastructures) Benefits of coupling (eg. provide necessary industrial quality water to the NPP, make use of the off-peak power) Reduced temperature on water discharge Process heat for paper mills, petroleum, chemical and plastic industries T.Koshy, NPTDS/ 27

28 USNRC Regulatory Framework T.Koshy/ 28