Smart Cities. Entering the Ecological Age Sustainable City Development Opportunities

Transcription

1 Smart Cities Entering the Ecological Age Sustainable City Development Opportunities 3 rd May 2011 Copenhagen Peter Head CBE FREng FRSA Consultant ARUP

2 Full paper and video presentations Global lecture tour to 26 countries Peter Head Ecological Age Can we move towards a sustainable way of living? What policies and investments are needed in low, middle and high income countries? How might we develop to deliver a transition to an Ecological Age? 2

3 Large Cities Climate Leadership Group Clinton Climate Positive Initiative accelerate carbon emissions reductions Addis Ababa, Athens, Bangkok, Beijing, Berlin, Bogotá, Buenos Aires, Cairo, Caracas, Chicago, Copenhagen,Delhi, Dhaka, Hanoi, Ho Chi Min, Houston, Hong Kong, Istanbul, Jakarta, Johannesburg, Karachi, Lagos, Lima, London, Los Angeles, Madrid, Melbourne, Mexico City, Moscow, Mumbai, New York, Paris, Philadelphia, Rio de Janeiro, Rome, Sao Paulo, Seoul, Shanghai, Stockholm, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Warsaw 3

4 Our Shrinking Earth YEAR Hectares of Land Per Capita Denmark 9.9,Finland 8.5, Sweden 7.5, Estonia 7.1,Norway 6.1, Lithuania 4.8. Latvia 3.7,

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6 Natural capital is increasingly valued as the global economy reaches an optimal scale A fair distribution of resources is encouraged Efficiency is driven by the market in a way that increases the use of renewable resources (while ensuring energy and food security) 6

7 (CO 50%) GHA/Capita + Ecological Footprint HDI Increase Human Development Index = 2050 Ecological Age

8 Low to middle income countries Transition from agricultural to ecological age A new paradigm of urban and rural development with integrated urban and rural resource flows Models eco-city plans in China and Curitiba 8

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10 Middle to high income countries Transition from industrial to ecological age 10 City retrofitting/regeneration and reconnecting urban-rural resource flows Climate change action plans-london-san Francisco Stockholm,Malmo,Freiburg,Copenhagen

11 Smart Responsive Simplicity Manchester, UK

12 FOOD RAW MATERIALS Resource Efficiency ENERGY WATER

13 Energy Consumption IMF, BP

14 Transport & Urban Density Peter Newman and Jeffrey Kenworthy (2006) Urban Design to Reduce Automobile Dependence, Opolis: An International Journal of Suburban and Metropolitan Studies: Vol. 2: No. 1, Article 3.

15 Energy wasted in power production Conventional power losses ~65% of primary energy 55% is lost as Waste Heat Waste heat 100% Energy ~55% Distribution ~10% Electricity ~35% Prime mover Generator 15

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17 17 Smart Supergrid Vision TREC

18 Remain in Balance with the Biosphere Main Elements of a Short Carbon Cycle System. CPI / Arup Joint Study

19 Press Office City of Munster, Germany :

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21 City development to be public transport led Electric traction for city mass transit plus inter-city high speed rail Underground metros preferred to buses Ethanol from coal (with carbon capture) to provide fuel for cars in short term Transition to electric vehicles by 2050

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23 23 Continuous investment 1% city GDP in rail transit

24 Delivery vehicles Inefficient deliveries Consolidation centres Access control Low Emission Zone, Congestion Charge, etc Efficient deliveries Electric Trucks Drop off Station if Tenant is out Direct Deliveries to Tenants/ Businesses City Consolidation Centres Electric Bikes Tenants and Businesses 24

25 Decreasing Food Supply Worldwatch Institute, Washington DC, United States

26 Farming in the City

27 Sustainable Agriculture and urban-rural resource sharing water, energy, compost, nutrients, food Wanzhuang Eco-City

28 Processes (Anaerobic Digestion/Composting)

29 Urban information architecture and smart grids TOOLS FORM & INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT BIM IRM 3D 4D 5D Virtual Reality Collaboration ITS RFID Broadband WiMAX CCTV ANPR Parking BMS Control Rooms Specifications D&B contracts RIBA

30 The system of community life Reduction in potable water demand through recycling Waste water Additional Land Area for Food production Reduction in potable demand through rainwater harvest Water Non-potable water demand (treated wastewater) Agricultural production (External Area) Additional Land Area for Biomass production Potable water demand Passenger Transport distance (based on density) Land Use Schedule Travel demand Passenger Transport Generation of biogas Fuel source energy supply (rice husk) Biomass / Biofuel production (External Area) (a) Supply of housing (a) Employment demand Freight transport distance (based on density) Energy demand by type Production of sewage effluent (b) Social infrastructure demand POPULATION Per capita energy demand excl. transport / logistics Employment generated (external): Agricultural production Employment generated (external): Biomass production Fuel source energy supply Social Reduction in energy demand through embedded renewables Waste output Energy Energy recovery from tonnes / composition waste incineration(?) Employment: Recycling(??) Land area required for turbines Demand for consumables (food, etc) Consumption (Food, goods, etc) Energy for freight movement Waste management Tonnes of goods moved Freight movement (Logistics) Tonnes of waste moved Wind Turbines Energy from Wind

31 Integrated Resource Management Platform Design Vision Sustainability Framework Sustainable Performance Assessment Refined Design GIS Geographic Information System Land use IRM Link User/Data Interface Area values IRM Integrated Resource Model Resource Projections KPI s Technical Planning Strategies Footprint/ Performance 31

32 The Total Community Retrofit Model 32

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34 Deliverability 2005 to 2050 Speed Up New NGO The Ecological Sequestration Trust 34

35 Thank you But a city is more than a place in space, it is a drama in time