Cyano Harmful Algal Blooms (cyanohabs)

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2 Cyano Harmful Algal Blooms (cyanohabs) Lure Bar & Grill, Lake Petenwell, WI Mounting evidence indicates global climate changes support increased frequency and geographic extent of HABs. Each year the desire to live at lakeside and the reliance on large surface waters for recreation and drinking water puts more people and animals at risk for exposure to HABs and the toxins they can produce. Credits: NOAA, Jeff Paternoster

3 Block/Removal of oxygen from water Killing other plants and animals Produce Toxins Causing illness in animals and humans C b t i h b li k dt h d i l ill d th ld Cyanobacteria have been linked to human and animal illnesses around the world, including North and South America, Africa, Australia, Europe, Scandinavia, and China.

4 Problem: Very few government or private institutions have the capacity or capability to monitor thousands of lakes, from the Great Lakes to small residential lakes annuallyimpacted by HABs. Solution: Engage local citizens in environmental monitoring and disease surveillance.

5 Dr. Lorraine Backer Principal Investigator One of the original creators of the Harmful Algal Bloom related Illness Surveillance System. Expertise in working in oceans and human health. Dr. Steve Morton Project Taxonomist Principal Investigator of the Phytoplankton Monitoring Network. Expertise and research involving the taxonomy and distribution of phytoplankton. Dr. Barb Kirkpatrick Project Evaluator Considerable expertise in assessing the public health impacts from Florida Red Tides, including epidemiological field studies. David Austin Project Data Evaluation Civil and environmental engineer. Expertise in water resource management and ecological engineering.

6 FPMN Collaborators Most Important: YOU! Community members that have expressed concerns about lake quality and whether the presence of HABs and HAB toxins in the local waters has anyy adverse health impacts on people and animals (e.g. respiratory complaints and headaches). Lake Tainter & Menomin Volunteers Credit: NOAA, Jeff Paternoster

7 To conduct a pilot Freshwater Phytoplankton Monitoring Network (FPMN), engaging communities in Minnesota and Wisconsin already highly interested in local lake water quality issues.

8 Develop partnerships with communities impacted by HABs, public health pactto practitioners, es, and scientists and engineers dedicated to addressing HAB related public health issues. Enhance environmental awareness about HABs Increasecommunity community knowledge of the occurrence and extent of freshwater HABs

9 Enhance our understanding of the public health threats from HABs present in drinking and recreational waters and small community lakes surrounded by homes.

10 2 states involved Minnesota & Wisconsin 12 lakes sampled 34 sampling sites > 40 people monitored > 300 samples collected and analyzed 97% contained at least 1 target algae 75% contained Microcystis 6 Microcystis blooms reported with NO HEALTH AFFECTS 3 in July, 3 in August 2 Oscillatoria blooms reported 1 in July, 1 in August NO human health affects reported during sampling season

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12 Understand requirements of FPMN volunteering Learn morphology of the 5 target species Collect sample and discuss sampling protocols Practice using microscope for sample analysis Enter practice data set into the database Select sampling site location

13 1) Collect sample at least once every two weeks during the sampling season (Ice Out Ice In) Modified Sampling Tool designed by Ted Ludwig Credit: NOAA, Jeff Paternoster

14 1) Collect sample at least once every two weeks during the sampling season (Ice Out Ice In)

15 2) Analyze sample identifying target algae Swift M10 digital microscope loaned to FPMN volunteers Credit: NOAA, Jeff Paternoster

16 1) Collect sample at least once every two weeks during the sampling season (Ice Out Ice In) 2) Analyze sample identifying target algae

17 Freshwater Phytoplankton Monitoring Network Volunteer Requirements: 3)) Take digital to send into the FPMN g pictures p Credit: Dave Florenzano Credit: Dave Florenzano Credit: Rob Dryke Credit: Dave Florenzano Credit: Dave Florenzano Image: Credit: NOAA, Jeff Paternoster

18 1) Collect sample at least once every two weeks during the sampling season (Ice Out Ice In) 2) Analyze sample identifying target algae 3) Take digital pictures to send into the FPMN

19 4) Input data into the FPMN database Image: NOAA PMN

20 1) Collect sample at least once every two weeks during the sampling season (Ice Out Ice In) 2) Analyze sample identifying target algae 3) Take digital pictures to send into the FPMN 4) Input data into the FPMN database

21 5) Notify FPMN of any human health issues Image: NOAA PMN

22 1) Collect sample at least once every two weeks during the sampling season (Ice Out Ice In) 2) Analyze sample identifying target algae 3) Take digital pictures to send into the FPMN 4) Input data into the FPMN database 5) Notify FPMN of any human health issues 6) Ship samples to the FPMN via UPS when asked kd

23 Freshwater Phytoplankton Monitoring Network Sampling Protocol: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Collect a Whole Water Live Surface Sample Measure Water Temperature & Water Color Analyze Sample with Microscope & Take Pictures Step 4: Enter Data in Database Credit: NOAA, Jeff Paternoster

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25 Greek Cyano = dark blue bacteri = bacteria Photosynthetic bacteria prokaryotic Live in freshwater, brackish, and marine waters flourish in environments no other microalgae can exist halotolerant versus halophilic Unicellular to multicellular, sometimes form Colonies Pigments: chlorophyll a, phycobiliproteins Require H 2 O, CO 2, inorganic substances, and light CyanoHABs cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom Trophic Structure Autotrophic (makes food from organic materials) Heterotrophic (consumes food from surrounding environment) Asexual Reproduction Binary fission, budding, fragmentation Geologic Timeframe (Brock 1973; Schopf1996) Among the oldest fossils on earth 3,450 mya Thought to be the chief primary producers in early earth Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A guide to their public health consequences, monitoring, and management, World Health Organization, 1999

26 algae are a natural part of the water way. NOT all algae are bad. However, some can produce toxins. The FPMN targets 4 potentially toxin producing freshwater algae.

27 Target Freshwater Algae Anabaena spp. Toxin Type Microcystins Aphanizomenon spp. Primary Organ Affected Anabaena Mi Microcystis i Nervous system Anabaena Aphanizomenon neurotoxin Saxitoxins Microcystis y spp. pp Nervous system neurotoxin Cylindrospermopsins hepatotoxin Toxin Producing Species Liver hepatotoxin h t t i Anatoxins Cylindrospermopsis spp. Liver Anabaena Oscillatoria spp. Aphanizomenon Cylindrospermopsis Aphanizomenon Cylindrospermopsis Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A guide to their public health consequences, monitoring, and management, World Health Organization, 1999

28 There may be lots of other stuff in the water. Feel free to investigate, explore and have fun! But remember, you are only responsible for reporting on the 5 freshwater algae the FPMN targets.