Table 4: Population connected to wastewater treatment plants

Transcription

1 Table 4: Population connected to wastewater treatment plants B.FRIBOURG-BLANC, OIEau With support of: JL.CELERIER, OIEau G.WINDHOFER, UBA Training course on Water Statistics Vienna, 4-6 June 2012

2 slide 2

3 Table 4: Population connected to wastewater treatment plants SOURCES SOURCES POINT SOURCES: POINT SOURCES: Agriculture Agriculture Industrial Activities Industrial Activities Mining and Quarrying - Mining and Qarrying Manufacturing Industry - Manufacturing Industry Prod./Distr. Electricity - Prod./Distr. Electricity - Construction Construction Domestic Sector (37) Domestic Sector Services - Services - Private Private Households households NON-POINT SOURCES: Run-off Rainwater - Runoff Rainwater Agriculture - Agriculture Atmospheric Deposition - Athmospheric Deposition I D N COLLECTING SYSTEMS TREATMENTS DISCHARGES COLLECTING SYSTEMS TREATMENTS RECEIVING WATERS B.1 I.1 A.1 D.1 Independent Wastewater Independent Waste Collecting water System (42) Collecting System (42) Other WWTP (43) I.0 Other WWTP C.2 (43) Urban Wastewater C C.1 UWWTP (35) and Collecting System Urban (44) Wastewater UWWTP Collecting Systems C (35) (44) T A.2.2 Independent Treatment (45) Independent Treatment (45) Rainwater runoff from paved area, D.0 A.2.1 infiltration and drainage into collecting N.1 Rainwater run-off from paved area, system infiltration and drainage into collecting system SLUDGES SLUDGES (49) B.2.2 I.3 } B.2.1 B.2 I.2 D.2 N.3 D D.1 U.2 U U.1 C.3 C.1 D.3 D.2 N.2 Drainage from soils, direct transfers, etc. Drainage from soils, direct transfers, etc. } A.2 I N L A N D W A T E R S I N L A N D W A S T E E A R S / S E A From Household to the aquatic environment slide 3

4 Table 4: Population connected Resident population (34) % of resident population connected to: Urban wastewater treatment (35) of which: (a) - Primary treatment (39) - Secondary treatment (40) - Tertiary treatment (41) Other wastewater treatment (b) (43) ** Urban wastewater collecting system with treatment (c) (44) ** Urban wastewater collecting system without treatment Total urban wastewater collecting system ** Independent wastewater treatment (45) of which at least secondary treatment (40) Total connected to wastewater treatment ** Memorandum item: % of national resident population whose wastewater is transported from independent storage tanks to wastewater treatment plants by means of trucks 1000's 1 % of tot. pop. % of tot. pop. % of tot. pop. % of tot. pop. 2 % of tot. pop. 1+2 % of tot. pop. 3 % of tot. pop % of tot. pop. 5 % of tot. pop. % of tot. pop % of tot. pop. 4 % of tot. pop. Asks for % of resident population connected to different treatment and collecting systems Waste water collecting systems Waste water treatment systems slide 4

5 How does it look like? Other Independent Urban slide 5

6 Types of water generated by Household COPYRIGHT OIEau (CEN Norm: EN ) Run-off Black water slide 6 Grey water

7 Connection to sewer network COPYRIGHT OIEau Ventilation Inspection box Combined Sewer network slide 7 Discharge of wastewater to sewer network PRIVATE PUBLIC

8 Connection to sewer network COPYRIGHT OIEau Ventilation Inspection box Combined Separate Sewer network slide 8 Discharge of wastewater to sewer network PRIVATE PUBLIC

9 Connection to independent storage COPYRIGHT OIEau Transport by truck slide 9 Independent storage tank

10 Sewer network: pipes PVC Ductile pig iron constructed Concrete Plastic with glass fibers slide 10

11 Sewer network: equipments for good function of the network Collection Connections slide 11

12 Sewer network: equipments for good function of the network Visit points pumps slide 12

13 Sewer network: equipments for good function of the (combined) network (1/2) Ø 1000 Ø 1000 Storm sewer overflow Ø 200 To avoid this: Storm storage tank slide 13

14 Sewer network: equipments for good function of the (combined) network (2/2) C.S.O. WWTP C.S.O. WWTP slide 14

15 wastewater treatment plant: main elements 1. It uses/combines different treatment techniques 2. Connections are not strictly linear 3. By-pass to protect performance are frequent slide 15

16 Connection to independent treatment COPYRIGHT OIEau Secondary Primary Pre-Treatment (septic tank) Treatment system Floating matter slide 16 Sludge

17 Connection to Urban wastewater treatment Primary slide 17

18 Connection to Urban wastewater treatment Secondary slide 18

19 Connection to Urban wastewater treatment Tertiary slide 19

20 Connection to Other wastewater treatment Facility slide 20

21 The population equivalent: be careful!!! Not equal population 90 g SS 60 g BOD 5 15 g Ntot 4 g P Tot slide 21

22 Resident population The average over a year of the number of persons belonging to the permanent population living in a territory. National territory + Workers, - slide 22

23 JQ Table 4: Definitions total urban waste water collecting systems With treatment/without treatment Urban waste water treatment: all treatment of waste water in urban waste water treatment plants. Usually operated by public authorities or private companies working by order of public authorities Discussion: consideration of treatment facilities from hospitals, universities, army camps and hotels (depending on size of treatment plant)?? primary, secondary, tertiary treatment other waste water treatment independent waste water treatment slide 23

24 JQ Table 4: Decision tree Data available on national level Data available on regional/provincial level Data available on operational level Estimation methods / Tailormade questionnaires slide 24

25 JQ Table 4: Data availability Data on connected population might be available from: national level: National Statistic Institutes (NSI) reporting obligations (Directive on Urban Waste Water Treatment (91/271/EEC)): Environment Agency, Ministry water associations (national, regional) provincial governments and District authorities operators of collecting systems or WWTPs slide 25

26 JQ Table 4: Overview of best practices Best practices at administration level direct / indirect measurement estimation Best practices at operators level Measurement of connected population % of population connected to different collecting systems % population connected to primary / secondary / tertiary treatment Distinction between population connected and actual occupation (P.E.) slide 26

27 JQ Table 4: Best practices at administration level Methods of direct and indirect measurement Circulation of a questionnaire (operators of collecting systems / WWTPs) - key questions should cover all areas of JQ Table 4 - mandatory questionnaire Statistical survey - if routines for data flow are not in place - main efforts on biggest sources, minor efforts on smaller sources followed by extrapolation - resident population known from demographic / fiscal studies - aggregated data for scattered areas / villages can be used - French example: 5,000 municipalities sampled out of 36,000 slide 27

28 JQ Table 4: Best practices at administration level Methods of estimation - tax records to identify number of properties - connection counts + actual flow measurement - annual surveys on local population and information on the percentage of the population of this area connected to or served by one UWWTP - population not connected to UWWTP = population connected to other WWTP slide 28

29 JQ Table 4: Best practices at operators level Measurement of connected population I Seasonal population / tourists should not be included uniform correction factor to exclude seasonal population French example: Type of housing Equivalent Hotel Specific housing: tourism residence, vacation village, sports centre, self-catering cottage Outdoor housing: Campsite, camping on a farm-based site, trailer site Second home 2 inhabitant per room 1 inhabitant per bed 3 inhabitant per site 4 inhabitant per home Seasonal population = population calculated with the table equivalence X 0.4 (not permanently in housing over a year) slide 29

30 JQ Table 4: Best practices at operators level Measurement of connected population II comparability of data affected by: - the way the link between the number of houses / apartments / households and the number of inhabitants is made; - the way the connection is assessed and reported: houses served by the collecting system: the network is there, or houses really connected to the systems - the way the link is made between the population, the network and the WWTP slide 30

31 JQ Table 4: Best practices at operators level % of population connected to different collecting systems Mandatory reporting systems Complete census (but: costs, knowledge of population) + annual extrapolation waste water tax information, if tax is per person use statistical survey + extrapolation Population connected to independent treatment = population not connected to urban or other treatment slide 31

32 JQ Table 4: Best practices at operators level % population connected to primary / secondary / tertiary treatment Assess real performance of the plant (based on in-out balance) report only population connected link each UWWT with population treated develop national classification of treatment techniques according to the three treatment types (in case the individual performance of a plant is not known) French example: correspondence between treatment process and treatment category (Sandre, 2002) Treatment process Mechanical treatment Physicochemical Treatment Aerated lagoon Natural lagooning Anaerobic lagoon Activated Sludge Low load Activated Sludge Middle Load Activated Sludge High Load Activated Sludge Extended Aeration Trickling filters Low Load Trickling filters High Load Nitrification Biological Discs Biological filters Biological denitrification process Physicochemical denitrification process Biological denitrification process Physicochemical denitrification process Disinfection (inc. effluent polishing pond) Planted filter Treatment category Primary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Tertiary Tertiary Tertiary Tertiary Tertiary Secondary slide 32

33 JQ Table 4: Best practices at operators level Distinction between population connected and actual occupation (P.E.) prefer as much as possible the real inhabitants connected and if not available, be aware that concerning the population equivalent loads transported and treated by urban waste water sources, only some countries can distinguish between: - pollution produced by the population - pollution produced by small and medium enterprises (SME and services) Best practice: - collect most disaggregated data Austria): - and/or develop a national-specific default translation key (e.g. average ratio P.E. load / P connected = 1.6 (Zessner et al., 2005) slide 33

34 Thanks for your attention B.FRIBOURG-BLANC, OIEau Training course on Water Statistics Vienna, 4-6 June 2012