E1-E2: ELECTRICAL CHAPTER-10 ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES IN BSNL

Transcription

1 E1-E2: ELECTRICAL CHAPTER-10 ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES IN BSNL Page: 1

2 Energy Conservation Measures in BSNL For energy conservation & achieving reduction in Energy bills in BSNL, the following measures are to be implemented which have been classified as No cost measures, Low cost measures and High-cost measures. A. No cost Measures : 1. CMD rationalization. Huge amount of Electricity bill can be saved by rationalization of Contract demand. Contract demand means a demand in KW or KVA mutually agreed between the supply company and the consumer as entered into in the agreement or agreed through other written communication. Periodical study of Energy Bills for actual demand should be done once a year & Corrective action should be taken with the electricity board for revision of contract demand. 2. Power Factor Improvement. The advantages of power factor improvement are: Improvement in voltage regulation. Higher power output can be obtained with the same transformer. Reduction in power loss in transformer. Reduction of current carrying rating of cables and switch gears. Reduction in power loss in distribution cables Most of the State Electricity Boards impose a penalty if the average power factor is less than 90% in the H.T. installations and offer financial incentive/ rebate if the average power factor maintained is higher than 95%. 3. Switch off Stand by Transformer. In installations where only one transformer is catering to the building & exchange load and the other transformer is kept as hot standby, switching off or de-energising the standby transformer from the primary side helps in saving the no-load loss of the standby transformer. 4. Thermostat Adjustment The higher is the temperature maintained in an Air-conditioned room, the lower is the the energy consumption. Efforts must be made to maintain temperature in range of 24 o C 1 o C instead of 23 o C 2 o C. This would result in considerable power saving.this range can be maintained by setting the temperature and differential in the Thermostat. Page: 2

3 5. Isolate non AC area It is seen in some Telephone Exchanges that area where equipment is proposed to be installed in future, has also been air conditioned. Efforts have been made to decrease the air conditioned area by way of partition and closing AC openings available in these rooms. 6. Reduce excess illumination For scaling down excess level of illumination Concept of general lights and task lights Revised norms for lux in switch room Removal / Closure of excess fittings. Periodic maintenance. 7. Switch off lights in unmanned area All the extra lights and the lights in unmanned area should be switched off manually. B. Low cost measures : 1. Condenser stopping with compressor Often it is seen that though temperature of switch room is achieved and compressor is cut off, the condenser and blower fan run. Though the running of blower fan is required for quick dissipation of heat from the sensitive components of the telecom equipment. However the running of condenser fan is not required for long time. Connection can be done in such a way that along with the compressor condenser fan also gets switched off. 2. Free cooling. The unit is able to manage fresh air intake to room after filtration through automatic modulating damper on command from the microprocessor achieving the required cooling capacity without compressor in operation. further more life of A/C system is even enhance. 3. LED indication in Panels Energy wasting lighting is replaced by LED lamps.the advantages of LED lamps are Life of the LED bulbs are more. Withstand vibrations, frequent switching & temperature Page: 3

4 Operating and maintenance cost low. More energy efficient. Produce less heat 4. After office hour lighting For the common place such as corridors compact fluorescent lamps which are more efficient are to be provided. The compound lighting shall be so designed that 100% light will be ON between 6.00 PM to PM, only 50% shall be put ON PM onwards. Delayed switching ON Compound lighting by using timer and early switching OFF the same to avail of daylight. 5. Temperature setting / Thermostat change The temperature is maintained in range of 24 o C 1 o C. This results in considerable power saving.this range can be maintained by setting the temperature and differential. If the quality of thermostat is poor, resulting into excessive running of unit beyond required temperature. Each thermostat shall undergo functional test and replaced if required. 6. Electronic Ballast Electronic ballast s are ideal for increasing the system efficiency. There is no tiring effect on workers due to absence of stroboscopic effect. The ballast give instant and soft start. The power factor is more than These have better life and more tolerance of voltage fluctuations. The initial investment on these ballast is high but they are most energy efficient. 7.Energy efficiency lighting The energy efficiency ( Lumen / Watt ) of 28W T-5 lamp is 104, 36W T-8 fitting is 68, 36W High lumen T-8 is 90, 36W CFL is 80 and 40W T-12 is 64. Thus T-5 is the most energy efficient light source and has maximum life.the light distribution of T-5 lamp is better and uniform. 8. Condenser reorientation To decide the location of the condenser following points are to be adhered to The distance from indoor unit to condenser unit should be minimum to minimize pressure drop. Bends should be minimum. Place should be decided so that heat rejected from the condenser should be quickly diluted Page: 4

5 Direct sun rays should not fall specially during afternoon time condenser unit. It will decrease the condensation and increase power loss. on 8. Automatic Volume control damper. These dampers are designed to open when the blower fan is energised and to turn by when power is turned off. 9. Common Area Lighting CFLs which are more energy efficient than bulbs and ordinary tube light are provided in corridor, staircase and other common areas where light remains ON for longer duration. 10. Use of level controller in pumps. Use of liquid level controller in pump operation is being adopted to eliminate wasteful running of pump for extended period C. High cost Measures : 1. LT to HT conversion. The proposed revision is beneficial for all genuine consumers. In view of higher losses and the imperative to reduce them a need has been felt to minimise system cost. Keeping long term perspective it would be optimal to convert LT network to HT network. HT tariff applicable to the consumer is much lower than the L.T tariff. Consumers could get better voltages because of the elimination of local distribution system and associated disturbances The problem of tampering of meter would be obviated as input metering would be on 11KV. 2. Automatic & Remote monitoring. Automatic and remote monitoring is a ability to monitor a process from remote location. There are number of exchanges and they require a considerable amount for maintenance. To overcome these difficulties remote monitoring is done. Page: 5

6 Questions Q 1. What are various measures for Energy Conservation in BSNL? Q 2. Define Contract Maximum Demand. Q 3 What are the advantages of Power Factor Improvement? Q 4 What are the advantages of LED indications in panels? Q 5 Name any three No Cost Measures. Q 6 Name any five Low Cost Measures. Q 7 Name any two High Cost Measures. Q 8 What are the advantages of Electronic Ballast over the conventional type Ballasts? Q 9 What are the points to be considered to decide the location of condensers? Q 10 What is Free Cooling? Page: 6