Dekati. SAC-65 Cyclone. Removal of large particles according to EPA 201A Combustion aerosol measurements Isokinetic sampling

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1 SAC-65 Cyclone Removal of large particles according to EPA 201A Combustion aerosol measurements Isokinetic sampling Excellence in Particle Measurements

2 SAC-65 Cyclone Dekati Cyclone is an EPA-standard cyclone for removal of large particles from a sample stream. The cyclone can be used in high temperatures due to its all-stainless steel construction. Dekati Cyclone is manufactured according to EPA standard 201A. With standard isokinetic nozzles available as accessories, the Dekati Cyclone is a highly durable addition to any sampling line where removal of large particles is needed. The cyclone can also be used in an out-stack configuration with heaters, also available from Dekati as accessories. The Dekati Cyclone is provided with a calculation sheet which is used to easily calculate the exact cyclone cutpoint in different operating conditions. The calculation is made according to EPA standard 201A. Accessories Using the Cyclone heating jacket the Dekati Cyclone can be heated up to 200 ºC. 230V SH V SH-2211 Temperature controller for the Cyclone heater 230V DR V DR-1611 Specifications Nominal flow rate Nominal cutpoint D50 10 lpm 10 μm Inlet R 3/8 Outlet R 1/2 Operation temperature range < 600 C Weight Dimensions Height max diameter With inlet nozzle Without inlet nozzle Material 1.4 kg 127 mm + outlet connector 130 mm 79 mm Stainless steel Sampling probe set for isokinetic sampling (SAC 100). Material: stainless steel. Isokinetic probe diameters mm Dekati is a registered trademark of Dekati Ltd. Dekati Ltd. reserves the right to make changes to product(s) described herein without prior notice. Copyright Dekati Ltd Dekati PM10 impactor for measuring PM10, PM2.5 and PM1. PM10 and PM2.5 measurement according to ISO 23210:2009. For more information, please contact: sales@dekati.fi Dekati Ltd. Osuusmyllynkatu 13 FIN Tampere Finland Tel. int Fax int sales@dekati.fi Dekati Ltd. is specialized in the design and manufacture of innovative fine particle measuring and sampling devices. Since its founding in 1994, Dekati has become the technological market leader in producing fine particle measurement instrumentation for various applications and hundreds of customers. Pictorino Oy 1/2010

3 DAD-100 Axial Diluter Suitable for wide range of applications On-board sample conditioning High temperature operation Excellence in Particle Measurements

4 DAD-100 Axial Diluter Dekati Axial Diluter DAD-100 is a simple and cost-effective dilution tool for any dilution task. Especially designed for use with Dekati instruments, the DAD-100 is very simple to install in any sampling or measurement system. An allstainless steel design also makes it possible to heat the diluter up to 500 C. Undiluted aerosol Dilution air High precision needle valve Diluted aerosol drawn out by the measurement instrument The operation principle of the DAD-100 is based on axial dilution of the sample in which the dilution air is introduced as sheath flow around the raw sample. This type of dilution is beneficial due to very low losses for all particle sizes. In order to calculate the dilution ratio, the amount of sample drawn by the measurement instruments and the flow of dilution air needs to be known accurately. The amount of dilution air is controlled accurately in the DAD-100 with a high-quality needle valve which is adjusted and locked into place during calibration at Dekati. If the DAD-100 is used with Dekati instruments, the amount of drawn sample is very accurately known and can be found in the instrument specific data sheet. The DAD-100 is delivered with a calibration certificate and an easy-to-use Excel sheet which can be used to calculate the dilution ratio in any conditions. Specifications Undiluted sample flow Dilution air flow lpm (1-3 lpm typical) 1-30 lpm typical. Check instrument datasheet for exact value Outlet flow Undiluted sample flow + Dilution air flow Dilution ratio Delivered with fixed setting as agreed with customer Undiluted sample Up to 500 C temperature range Undiluted sample Check measurement pressure range instrument specifications Operation pressure Check instrument datasheet Material AISI 316 (Stainless Steel) Inlet pipe 12 mm Outlet pipe 12 mm Pressurised air inlet 12 mm female Swagelok Pressure sensor range mbar abs Accessories DH-1723 Pressurised air heater DR-1823 Temperature controller for pressurised air heater For heated dilution ELA-230 Dekati Thermodenuder For removal of volatile and semi-volatile hydrocarbons from automotive exhaust Dekati is a registered trademark of Dekati Ltd. Dekati Ltd. reserves the right to make changes to product(s) described herein without prior notice. Copyright Dekati Ltd For more information, please contact: sales@dekati.fi Dekati Ltd. Osuusmyllynkatu 13 FIN Tampere Finland Tel. int Fax int sales@dekati.fi Dekati Ltd. is specialized in the design and manufacture of innovative fine particle measuring and sampling devices. Since its founding in 1994, Dekati has become the technological market leader in producing fine particle measurement instrumentation for various applications and hundreds of customers. Pictorino Oy 8/2010

5 Thermodenuder Easy conditioning of automotive exhaust Optimised removal of volatile hydrocarbons Increased measurement repeatability Excellence in Particle Measurements

6 Thermodenuder Dekati Thermodenuder makes detailed studies of soot particles possible by removing volatiles from automotive exhaust. Removal of the volatiles eliminates unwanted sample transformations. The high flow rate of the instrument makes it an ideal tool for use with ELPI (Electrical Low Pressure Impactor) and DMM (Dekati Mass Monitor), also manufactured by Dekati Ltd. Volatile and semi-volatile compounds cause variability in measured particle size and concentration through condensation and nucleation. These effects can be eliminated by using the Dekati Thermodenuder. Volatile compounds are vaporised in an aerosol heater, which heats the sample to over 250 C. After heating, the sample enters the adsorber section, where the vaporised compounds are adsorbed in active charcoal. The active charcoal is in the form of easily replaceable cartridges, also available from Dekati Ltd. Specifications Flow rate lpm Maximum operating temperature 300 ºC Cooling medium Air or water Weight 7.5 kg without filter cartridges Dimensions Length: 95 cm Width: 22 cm Inlet 12/10 mm pipe Outlet R 1/2, inner diameter of the connector should be 10 mm Electric power 230V/350W 110V/350W DEKATI Ltd. reserves the right to make changes to product(s) described herein without prior notice. Copyright Dekati Ltd The effect of Dekati Thermodenuder on a particle size distribution with a nucleation mode consisting of volatile particles. The procedure for conditioning of the sample consists of three steps: 1. Connect cooling medium 2. Connect measurement instruments and 3. Turn on the heater. The Dekati Thermodenuder can be effectively used in a combination with any other Dekati dilution or real-time measurement device. Accessories The active charcoal is in the form of easily replaceable active carbon cartridges, which makes the use and maintenance of the Dekati Thermodenuder very easy. Active carbon cartridges For more information, please contact: sales@dekati.fi Dekati Ltd. Osuusmyllynkatu 13 FIN Tampere Finland Tel. int Fax int sales@dekati.fi Dekati Ltd. is specialized in the design and manufacture of innovative fine particle measuring and sampling devices. Since its founding in 1994, Dekati has become the technological market leader in producing fine particle measurement instrumentation for various applications and hundreds of customers. Pictorino Oy 8/2010

7 Diluter DI-1000 Combustion aerosol dilution Controlled sample conditioning High temperature operation Excellence in Particle Measurements

8 DI-1000 Diluter Dekati Diluter DI-1000 is a low-cost, simple and easyto-operate device for diluting aerosol and gaseous samples from any source. The simplicity and robustness of the all stainless-steel design have made it a widely renowned choice for the dilution of combustion aerosols. The operation principle of the DI-1000 is based on ejection dilution. Purified pressurised dilution air flows at high speed around an ejector nozzle and causes a pressure drop which draws a sample through the nozzle. The raw sample is instantaneously diluted as it mixes with the dilution airflow, thus always providing a homogeneous and stable sample. The use of ejector dilution eliminates the need for any complex flow control devices or pumps. Only purified pressurised air is needed to operate the diluter. Dekati Diluter is typically applied for combustion dilution in a two-stage double diluter setup, where the first Dekati Diluter is heated and the second operates at ambient temperature. This way unwanted condensation and nucleation can be eliminated and the measured results are more stable. Sample in Specifications Sample air flow (inlet) ~7 lpm Diluted sample flow (outlet) 60 lpm Dilution ratio 1:8 Dilution air pressure 2 bar gauge Operating conditions: Temperature C Weight 2.8 kg Total length 360 mm Maximum diameter 120 mm Inlet 12 mm pipe Outlet 12 mm pipe Exhaust 12 mm pipe Dilution air 8 mm female pipe connector Material AISI 316 (Stainless steel) Gaskets Copper Sample out Dekati is a registered trademark of Dekati Ltd. Dekati Ltd. reserves the right to make changes to product(s) described herein without prior notice. Copyright Dekati Ltd In addition, with this setup a sample can be taken directly from the tailpipe thus eliminating the need for large full-flow sampling systems to carry out particle or gas measurements. The nominal dilution ratio for a single Dekati Diluter is 1:8. Every Dekati Diluter is individually calibrated with traceably calibrated flow and pressure sensors and provided with an individual calibration certificate and data sheet. Dekati Diluters are also available in custom dilution ratios. Please contact Dekati Ltd. for more information. Dekati double diluter setup for combustion measurements Accessories DI-2000 Two diluter package two diluters for a double diluter-setup DI-2003 Accessories for a full double diluter-setup Includes all necessary accessories for a complete heated dilution system for combustion measurements: DH-1523 Insulated diluter heater DR-1623 Heater temperature controller DH-1723 Pressurised air heater DR-1823 Temperature controller for press. air heater DI-1010b Pressurised air regulator and dust filter DI-1011 Exhaust valve for reversed flow DI angle joint for exhaust valve set DI-1030 Exhaust connection hose For more information, please contact: sales@dekati.fi Dekati Ltd. Osuusmyllynkatu 13 FIN Tampere Finland Tel. int Fax int sales@dekati.fi Dekati Ltd. is specialized in the design and manufacture of innovative fine particle measuring and sampling devices. Since its founding in 1994, Dekati has become the technological market leader in producing fine particle measurement instrumentation for various applications and hundreds of customers. Pictorino Oy 1/2010

9 DEED Dekati Engine Exhaust Diluter Sample conditioning according to PMP recommendation Compatible with all particle number and mass measurement systems Vehicle and stack emission measurements Excellence in Particle Measurements

10 DEED Dekati Engine Exhaust Diluter PMP-recommendation for particle number measurement Challenge Particle emission regulation for automotive engine exhaust has been solely based on emitted particulate mass. While mass measurement has proven to be a reliable method in the past, current and especially future emission levels from high-efficiency engines equipped with emission control technology can be very challenging to measure with the traditional filter method. The PMP-group was assigned to define a sensitive and reliable measurement method which could be used to measure particulate emission levels at present and in the future. Solution The solution from the PMP-group was to change the measured metric from particle mass to particle number. This approach enables the use of Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) which measure particle number concentrations with high accuracy and repeatability by single particle counting. In order to make the particle number measurement as reproducible as possible, a decision was made to measure only solid particles above 23 nanometres and therefore to exclude volatile secondary particles from the measurement. This is achieved by using a PMPrecommended sample conditioning technique. Technique The sample is extracted from a CVS-tunnel to the sample conditioning device which first dilutes the sample with heated dilution above 150 C. After the sample is diluted, it is heated to a temperature above 300 C to evaporate all volatile particles. After thermal conditioning, the sample is again diluted which reduces the particle concentration along with the temperature to a suitable level for the Condensation Particle Counter.

11 Excellence in Particle Measurements Dekati approach to sample conditioning according to PMP Concept Dekati has offered solutions for dilution and conditioning of automotive exhaust for over 10 years with experience in different setups for research and routine measurements. The Dekati approach to PMP-conditioning is based on this experience and on proven, robust techniques which are guaranteed to work. The key design guidelines for the Dekati Engine Exhaust Diluter, DEED: Complete compliance to PMP specifications Accurate, repeatable and reproducible particle concentration reduction Easy operation, no need for user training Minimum instrument downtime Simple and robust design Instrument design The Dekati ejector diluter was chosen to be the dilution device for both the first and second dilution stage. Selection was based on long experience from using Dekati ejector diluters and profound knowledge on the operation of the diluter in different conditions. In addition, the all-stainless steel construction with no moving parts provides the needed robustness for long-term, problem-free operation. The schematic of the Dekati Engine Exhaust Diluter, DEED is presented below: Sample in Sample out Accessories DEED-150 Post-DPF sampling probe Enables connection of the DEED directly into an exhaust line Heated stainless-steel line for low-loss transfer of exhaust particles from the tailpipe Perforated probe eliminates pressure fluctuations Dilution stage at 150 C Dilution stage at 20 C DEED-300 Pre-DPF sampling probe Enables PMP-specified constant dilution factor conditioning even from pre-dpf transient conditions Uses an axial mini-cvs diluter + ejector diluter combination to ensure stable operation Increases the maximum total dilution factor of the system to ~ to enable CPC measurement from pre-dpf conditions FPS-4001 Pressurised air filtration and drying unit Coarse particle filter Submicrometer particle filter Diffusion dryer DEED-400 Stack sampling accessories for DEED Enables sampling of stationary source emissions Please contact sales@dekati.com or your local distributor for more information on DEED accessories. Evaporation chamber ON/OFF Dilution stage

12 DEED Dekati Specifications Engine Exhaust Diluter Dilution factor ~100 (with low DR selected) ~1000 (with high DR selected) Fixed points can be adjusted upon request when ordering Dilution factor accuracy +_ 5% typical, +_10% maximum Evaporation tube temperature C Evaporation efficiency >99% for 30 nm tetracontane particles with inlet concentration above #/cm 3 Particle concentration reduction factor Determined according to PMP group recommendation Communication AK-protocol available Power supply Volts, ~2 kw Pressurised air requirement SLPM 4 bar gauge* Dimensions 9U height, fits into 19" rack * or according to the latest PMP proposal Dekati Engine Exhaust Diluter features Fulfils all PMP recommendations for sample conditioning Extremely low solid particle losses Long cleaning intervals Simple user interface only two operation switches High/Low dilution factor Heating on/off Always constant dilution factor High reproducibility Dilution factor calibrated with solid particles Remote AK-protocol control available Dekati is a registered trademark of Dekati Ltd. Dekati Ltd. reserves the right to make changes to product(s) described herein without prior notice. Copyright Dekati Ltd For more information, please contact: sales@dekati.fi Dekati Ltd. Osuusmyllynkatu 13 FIN Tampere Finland Tel. int Fax int sales@dekati.fi Dekati Ltd. is specialized in the design and manufacture of innovative fine particle measuring and sampling devices. Since its founding in 1994, Dekati has become the technological market leader in producing fine particle measurement instrumentation for various applications and hundreds of customers. Pictorino Oy 1/2010

13 FPS-4000 Fine Particle Sampler Automotive exhaust and combustion aerosol dilution Versatile sampling system Real-time dilution condition control Excellence in Particle Measurements

14 FPS-4000 Fine Particle Sampler Dekati Fine Particle Sampler is a guaranteed solution for diluting and conditioning aerosol and gaseous samples for measurement instruments. The two stage dilution system features unmatched versatility with applications reaching from automotive pre- and post after-treatment measurements to nucleation studies. Operation Principle A raw sample is extracted from the source ( i.e. exhaust or flue gas) by using a stainless steel probe. The sample is subsequently diluted in two stages employing a perforated tube and ejector dilution, respectively. regulated with a valve unit which contains critical orifices for accurate and repeatable control. Each FPS-4000 is individually calibrated by gas flow measurements which span all operating conditions. The dilution ratio calculation result is saved in real-time along with temperature and pressure data in an easily accessible form for post-processing of the data. Analogue output of the dilution ratio is also available for easy integration into existing data logging systems. Sample in The primary dilution takes place within the perforated tube where the raw sample mixes with dilution air forced through small pores in the perforated tube wall. The perforated tube is housed within the primary diluter body which can be heated or cooled. The dilution ratio of the primary dilution stage can be adjusted by changing the dilution airflow into the primary diluter. The secondary dilution stage is an ejector pump which draws the sample from the primary dilution stage and dilutes it further. The diluted gas exiting the ejector diluter is always at an ambient pressure and temperature regardless of the initial raw sample gas characteristics. The ejector diluter dilution ratio has three options: low, medium or high. Dilution temperatures and pressures are measured in realtime by a control unit enabling second-by-second dilution ratio calculation which takes changes in raw sample properties directly into account. The dilution air flows are Sample out Primary dilution air flow Secondary dilution air flow

15 Excellence in Particle Measurements Applications FPS-4000 is a flexible tool for any aerosol dilution and conditioning tasks. The applications include: Automotive exhaust dilution Pre- and post after-treatment devices Power plant flue gas dilution Small-scale stationary source dilution Aerosol transformation research for all sources Nucleation/Condensation studies Agglomeration studies Dekati Business advantages FPS-4000 Advantages The most versatile sampling system commercially available Single device for all dilution tasks Can be connected pre- and post after-treatment systems with an adjustable dilution ratio Increase efficiency and repeatability by using the same setup in all measurement locations Can be integrated to existing data logging systems Save time and money with easy data collection Technical advantages Real-time dilution ratio calculation and data storage Adjustable dilution ratio and dilution temperature Control of all features from user-friendly PC-software Sophisticated handling of volatile vapours Removal with heated dilution Nucleation tendency studies with cooled dilution and a residence time chamber Removal with Dekati Thermodenuder Calibrated with traceably calibrated gas and pressure flow meters Extremely low losses no loss correction needed Particle residence time within the system < 0.5 seconds Particles travel on a straight line, no bends or moving parts

16 Accessories Full automotive sampling setup FPS-4403 Includes the following items for a comprehensive dilution and conditioning system for automotive and any small-scale application: DH-1723 Pressurised air heater for dilution air For heated dilution air up to 350 C DH-1423 Probe heater For heating the dilution probe FPS-4001 Pressurised air filtration and drying unit For conditioning the dilution air to eliminate dilution artefacts FPS-4005 Automatic pressure controller For automatic control of the FPS operating pressure ELA-424 Mobile rack for Dekati instruments For easy transfer of instruments between measurement locations Available for 230V and 110V Full stack sampling setup FPS-4503 Includes the following items for a comprehensive dilution and conditioning system for stack or large duct sampling: DH-1723 Pressurised air heater for dilution air For heated dilution air up to 350 C FPS-4230 Stack heater, optional pre-cut cyclone and one nozzle for isokinetic sampling For large stacks, includes an optional 2.5 μm-cut mini-cyclone ELA-419, set of 5 sampling nozzles for the minicyclone For isokinetic sampling FPS-4001 Pressurised air filtration and drying unit For conditioning the dilution air to eliminate dilution artefacts FPS-4005 Automatic pressure controller For automatic control of the FPS operating pressure ELA-424 Mobile rack for Dekati instruments. Can house either FPS+DMM or FPS+ELPI, must be specified when ordering. For easy transfer of instruments between measurement locations ELA-441 Extension cable set (8 m) For increased flexibility in placement of the sampling probe Available for 230V and 110V Dekati Thermodenuder ELA-230 Dekati Thermodenuder always guarantees a dry soot mode of particles for measurement from automotive exhaust sources. The Thermodenuder removes volatile vapours and particles by using a combination of heating and active carbon. Residence Time Chamber ELA-400 Residence Time Chamber is used in nucleation studies to give the nucleated particles time to grow into the measurement range of the measurement instruments. The Residence Time Chamber is directly applied between the primary and secondary dilution stages.

17 Software Dekati FPS-4000 is fully controlled via an RS-232 port by using the LabViewbased FPSVi programme. FPSVi features easy and simple control of dilution ratio and temperature through a user-friendly interface. All measured and calculated information is stored in a user-defined file for easy access. Additional analogue inputs and temperature signals can also be logged into the FPSVi save file. Specifications Coolers and heaters Primary probe cooler Probe heater Dilution air heater Thermodenuder heater Vortex TM type cooler (Accessory) 350 W 1000 W 350 W Hardware Specifications Dimensions Weight Material Power consumption Connections Probe inlet Probe outlet Pressurised air inlets 560 mm x 410 mm x 310 mm (can be mounted in a 19 rack) 30 kg AISI 316 (stainless steel) 1 earthed electrical power outlet, Max W NW40 flange or 6 mm drilled through pipe connector (eg. Swagelok, Gyrolok ) NW40 flange or 1-5 pcs. of 12x1 mm tube Quick connector for 10 mm plastic tube Data acquisition Computer requirement PC/Laptop connection Analogue input Analogue output (dilution ratio) K-type thermocouples Pressures Pentium processor, 16 MB RAM, MS-WINDOWS NT 4.0, XP or 2000 RS232 2 x 1-5 V 1-5 V 8 channels 2 x 4-20 ma

18 FPS-4000 Fine Particle Sampler Specifications Dilution specifications Dilution ratios* 1:20-1:200 Dilution temperature C Primary diluter 1:3-1:20 Secondary (ejector) diluter 1:7-1:15 Raw sample temperature C Raw sample pressure mbar abs Purified pressurised air for dilution Particle concentration recommended < 100 / cc RH non-condensing at 40 C Pressure (absolute) max. 9 bar abs min. 6 bar abs Operating pressure 4.5 bar abs Flow rate (at bar, 20ºC) max. 220 lpm Flows (at bar, 20ºC) Sample flow 0-10 lpm Primary dilution air flow 2-40 lpm Secondary dilution air flow lpm Diluted sample flow lpm Cooling agent pressurised air or water Pressurised air for cooling 3-8 bar, 600 lpm, moisture free FPS sampling probe Dekati is a registered trademark of Dekati Ltd. Patent pending. Aerosol Dekati Ltd. reserves the right to make Instruments changes to product(s) described herein without prior notice. Copyright Dekati Ltd *Dilution ratio displayed within +/- 10% of reading *Dilution ratio over 100 achievable only with a stable inlet pressure *Dilution ratio adjustable in discrete steps with at least one step between 100 and 200 The Dekati Fine Particle Sampler has been specially designed to comply with the standard criteria of the European Union s DG-TREN Particulates Project for harmonized particle measurements. It incorporates the requirements of modern particle sampling instruments for both scientific research and industrial quality control measurements. For more information, please contact: sales@dekati.fi Dekati Ltd. Osuusmyllynkatu 13 FIN Tampere Finland Tel. int Fax int sales@dekati.fi Dekati Ltd. is specialized in the design and manufacture of innovative fine particle measuring and sampling devices. Since its founding in 1994, Dekati has become the technological market leader in producing fine particle measurement instrumentation for various applications and hundreds of customers. Pictorino Oy 8/2010