MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT. Lessons learned and vision, from the perspective of an international private operator ADB, MAY

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1 MUNICIPAL SOLID MANAGEMENT DEVE ELOPG Lessons learned and vision, from the perspective of an international private operator ADB, MAY Y 2014

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Context: Unprecedented transformation on the waste market Waste market is rapidly growing in emerging countries Solid waste management will be specific Energy is key Framework : leap frog to specific solutions Adapt waste hierarchy to local realities Avoid technology / complex infrastructures trap Solutions : focus on treatment vs sophisticated collection solutions Simple multipurpose platforms Adapted contractual models Examples of successfu l experiences

3 And ISSUES S S SPECIFICITIES OF Volume of waste grows faster than urbanization Composition of waste varies compared to high income countries, with a majority of organics Importance of informal sector Low income countries spend most of their Solid Waste Management (SWM) budget on waste collection rather than disposal

4 And ISSUES S S FOLLOW (but adapt) THE HIERARCHY REDUCE REUSE RECYCLE RECOVER DISPOSE EFFORTS SHOD FO OCUS PRIORITY ON RECYCLE- RECOVER-DISPOSE

5 CREMENTAL COST FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE TREATMENT IS MIMAL COMPARED TO URBAN FRASTRUCTURE BUD DGETS Municipal Solid Waste Management in developing countries -5- And ISSUES S S $ open dumpsite $ sanitary landfill population p benefits / Investment cost ratio is much superior than other urban infrastructure investment. Ex: Real Estate investments in Morocco In North Africa, 7% of GDP depends on tourism

6 LANDFILL / ENERGY RECOVERY PLATFORM OPTIMAZISES ENERGY AND FANCIAL YIELDS S S TREATMENT can contribute to energy needs: - BIOGAS production on landfill site - production of SOLID REC COVERED FUEL (SRF) for cement plant Those two solutions are mor re adapted to the situation of than incineration of residual waste (traditional Waste to Energy) ). 80% of waste energy potential targeted Source : p.19 «What a waste», World Bank

7 ALLOWG MATERIAL & ENERGY RECOVERY S S 1 ton of mixed waste Up to 70% of organic matter Nm 3 of methane YOUR Contains 1to2MWh Equivalent to 30% of the calorific value of coal ON THE LANDFILL SITE Biogas is made up of up to 70% methane Produces kg For a landfill site with a of compost 10 Mt capacity Fertilisation of 36 m² of corn crop 800 Mm 3 of methane Consumption of 200 city buses Equivalent to L of fue el Year 1 Year 30 Bioga as production An energetic, organic and material potential to serve local areas Energy is produced on site throughout the operating period

8 EUROPEAN ADVANCED SYSTEM ARE EFFICIENT BUT COMPLEX Landfill site LANDFILLG S S Incineration Plant Mixed Waste Mechanical Pre- Treatment SRF* Plant Biogas plant Composter ENERGY RECOVERY Biogas SRF* Biogas ORGANIC RECOVERY Fertilizers & other organics MATERIAL RECOVERY Packages, plastics & metals *SRF : Solid Recovered Fuel Sorting Plant

9 SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT EXIST TO MEET CHALLENGES Secured landfill Secured landfill COMBED Biogas Price (CAPEX) Environment Price (CAPEX) Environment VALUE MIX Energy Energy Material Organic Material Organic S S Secured landfill Biogas Material Energy Price Material Environ Organic Energy Price (CAPEX) Material Secured landfill Biogas Material SRF Environment Organic

10 S S EUROPEAN ADVANCED S ARE NUMEROUS BUT ADAPTED High Average Low Partnership intensity CONSTG Technical Support Consulting - Engineering O&M Contract Management Contract PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP Asset ownership Concession Affermage (~lease) BOT (Build, Operate & Transfer) DBO (Design, Build & Operate) DB (Design & Build) Technical and management competencies + Operational efficiency + Transfer of financial risk + private investment Construction optimisation Custome Objective

11 S S DESIGN-BUILD-OPERATE IS EFFICIENT TO DELIVER Local authorities face significant interface risk between Design, Construction and Operatio on. DBO contract enables them to transfer this risk to one single point of contact that will allow project to be delivered in time and in budget. DBO contract ensures : Quality of DB Selecting the right tech hnology Optimisation of O&M costs Asset value maintainance A project contracted in DB bears the risk to result in an infrastructure that the authority does not have the expertise to manage properly, p or which operating and maintenance cost is too high for the client to assume.

12 -12- FOCUS: LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT MEKNES, MOROCCO O Municipal Solid Waste Management in developing countries -12- S S MEKNES Morocco CONTEXT Significant tourist industry Implementation of a legal framework related to waste management Rehabilitation of existing landfill site (22 ha) and construction of : - a new landfill (30 ha) -a compost plant (3,000 m2) Preservation of existing jobs and creation of new jobs Inclus ion of informal sector OBJECTIVE ES SOLUTION Customer support to an efficient and sustainable household waste management Adoption of best techniques and international norms RESTS Operating period: commitment for 20 years 200K t/year of processed waste Installation of 7 tanks for leachate treatmentt t with a total capacity of 48,000 m 3 Creation of ~50 direct jobs Structure the informal sector (autonomous but organized) and provide them with acceptable working conditions

13 -13- FOCUS: REHABILITATION OF A DUMP SITE SAÏDA, LEBANON Municipal Solid Waste Management in developing countries -13- SAÏDA Lebanon Security Landfill cell design Lining of cells Use of secured plant equip pment Site capping Leachates Leachate collection in lagoon Leach hate transfer and treatment at an external treatment plant CONTEXT Biogas Onsite collection and Dump site with a surface treatment of biogas area of 3 ha surface High environmental risk S S OBJECTIVE ES Total site security Mitigation of sanitary and environmental risks SOLUTION RESTS 700,000 tons of waste landfilled in safe conditions 40m 3 /day of leachates collected and treated After-use as a landscaped public park 1-year aftercare service following closure

14 -14- FOCUS: BIOGAS RECOVERY NENT, HONG KONG Municipal Solid Waste Management in developing countries -14- S S NENT Hong Kong CONTEXT Island territory Very high environmental standards Biogas collection Biogas in 3 ways: - therm mal leachate treatment - landfill site electricity supply - used as fuel in a thermal power plant On sit te collection and treatment of leachate OBJECTIVES SOLUTION Biogas to produce heat and electricity Site total capacity: 35 million m³ RESTS Every day: 1000 m³ of leachate treated 9 MW production of electricity More than 25,000 m³ of biogas treated and transferred to a thermal power plant Generator capacity: 3 MW