Sustainable Development in Southern Mongolia. Key elements of groundwater management

Transcription

1 Sustainable Development in Southern Mongolia Key elements of groundwater management Albert Tuinhof (World Bank GWMATE / Acacia Water) Regional Groundwater Assessment Workshop Ulaanbaatar, 28 April 2010

2 Groundwater Management Advisory Team A multi-disciplinary expert team (since 2000) to advise World Bank globally for development of capacity in groundwater resource management and groundwater quality protection. Dissemination of best practice elements and provision of short courses using our materials: Briefing Notes (BN) Case Profiles (CP) Groundwater Quality Protection Guide Examples: BN 11: CP 12: Utilization of non-renewable groundwater Thailand: Strengthening Capacity in Groundwater Resources Management FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

3 CONTENTS Some salient features of groundwater What is management and why is it needed? Key issues: information and communication How do we initiate management? Introducing groundwater management in the SGR Examples of international experience

4 GROUNDWATER: OUR LARGEST SOURCE OF FRESH WATER Main source of water for the livelihood of more than 2 billion people Major source of water for many mega cities (Mexico City, Dhaka, Dar es Salaam, etc) Often the only source of water in for rural livelihood in many semi-arid regions Driving force behind the green evolution in India

5 RAINFALL, GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER rainfall evaporation recharge surface run-off surface water groundwater Fossil /non-renewable Groundwater and surface water: same resource

6 GROUNDWATER: POOR NEPHEW OF SURFACE WATER out of (public) sight, out of (political) mind widely misunderstood (unlimited & uncoupled) - resource infinite compared to abstraction - pumping has no downstream effects very limited investment in groundwater management

7 GROUNDWATER <> OTHER RAW MATERIALS Source: Planeterde/UNESCO (1991)

8 SELLING POINTS OF GROUNDWATER Characteristic Available where needed Naturally protected Our largest reservoir Untapped resource Stable temperature Environmental function Natural treatment Explanation Decentralized resource which is widely available Often protected against pollution and not affected by evaporation Storage capacity is our largest reservoir and a powerful medium to bridge dry periods: tool for adaptation to climate change impacts Large volumes of brackish groundwater become available with decreasing desalination cost Deeper aquifers are discovered (>500 m) Source of renewable energy for heating (cold-heat transfer and geothermal energy) Base flow to wetlands and rivers Aquifers are able to improve water quality by biological degradation (pollution remediation)

9 GROUNDWATER STORAGE AND CLIMATE CHANGE How does climate change impact the groundwater? but more importantly: What can groundwater (storage) mean for climate change adaptation measures? Managing the Water Buffer on the Basin Scale: Recharge, Retention, Reuse (3R)

10 3R: TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

11 CONTENTS Some salient features of groundwater What is management and why is it needed? Key issues: information and communication How do we initiate management? Introducing groundwater management in the SGR Examples of international experience

12 DEVELOPMENT OR MANAGEMENT Development: Exploitation of groundwater for (short term) economic and cost effective use: Rural livelihood Small town/urban water supply Industrial water supply Irrigated agriculture Others Management: Measures to exploit the resource potential by balancing the short term user s needs with long term sustainability goals (groundwater protection, environmental needs)

13 WHY DOES GROUNDWATER NEED MANAGEMENT? Assessment scenario s: a technical, social economic and political decision Development Call for action Managed Development Management

14 WHY GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT cost factor today? or investment in the future? Provides a strategy and plan for cost-effective and sustainable investments in groundwater development if based on practical goals and realistic targets It further: makes claims transparent from different users provides a platform to agree on allocation issues requires information and stimulates monitoring will create a demand for regulation laissez faire approach is wasteful, costly and hazardous

15 GRW. MGT IS STAKEHOLDER COOPERATION Policy level Policies Strategies Regulatory framework Users/ Other stakeholders Water needs & provision Demand side management Economic incentives Information and communication Groundwater Community Knowledge, Understanding and Technical solutions

16 CONTENTS Some salient features of groundwater What is Management and why is it needed? Key issues: information and communication How do we initiate management? Introducing groundwater management in the SGR Examples of international experience

17 STAKEHOLDERS: INSTITUTIONS AND INDIVIDUALS Regional/local government Parliamentarians Political decision makers Private sector/banks Water users perceptions awareness interests Communication information NGO s knowledge information needs Universities/science Groundwater professionals Water Managers Media Public at large

18 COMMUNICATION: DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES????? What is groundwater?

19 COMMUNICATION: DIFFERENT INTERESTS Reliable supply and good quality Full cost recovery Groundwater resources management: Reduce conflicts Regional development Industry Enough water at low cost Equal access for the poor Protect Base flows Aquifer recharge & safe yield National Water Policy Makers Water Utilities Regional/Local Water Managers Farmers Groundwater Experts Local NGO Environmental NGOS

20 KEY CHALLENGE FOR GRW. COMMUNICATION The receiver is often not a groundwater expert and has different (often negative) images

21 CONTENTS Some salient features of groundwater What is Management and why is it needed? Key issues: information and communication How do we initiate management? Introducing groundwater management in the SGR Examples of international experience

22 FRAMEWORK FOR GROUNDWATER MAMAGEMENT What are the main steps? Current situation -Hydrogeology -Socio-economic -Operational Desired situation/goals - REA targets - Economic development - Resource sustainability Instruments -Policy adjustments -Regulatory provisions -Stakeholder participation Measures -Water quality -Demand mnagement -Supply management Priority Mgt. Actions - - -

23 INTERACTVIE FRAMEWORK FOR GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT ` BASELINE: RESOURCE HYDROGEOLOGIC CONDITIONS SETTING AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION SOCIOECONOMIC SITUATION REGULATORY PROVISIONS interactive MANAGEMENT exercise INSTRUMENTS with stakeholders AND MEASURES - maximum 4 issues per box - based on background data - can be applied on the national and regional level POLICY ADJUSTMENTS QUALITY MEASURES DEMAND-SIDE MEASURES SUPPLY-SIDE MEASURES PRIORITY ACTION PLAN for MANAGED DEVELOPMENT 4-5 priority actions STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION

24 STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK APPLICATIONS Recently applied in Egypt, Uganda and Ethiopia on different levels (national, regional, local) Priority actions Ethiopia: Introducing managed development in priority areas through selected management options and MoU between main stakeholders Draft regulation for licensing and implementation in priority areas Standardization of procedures (guideline and protocols) Accelerated monitoring and information exchange through National Groundwater Information System (NGIS) Policy awareness program (and tools) to improve integration

25 CONTENTS Some salient features of groundwater What is Management and why is it needed? Key issues: information and communication How do we initiate management? Introducing groundwater management in the SGR Examples of international experience

26 GRW. MGT: COOPERATION AND COMMUNICATION Policy level Policies Strategies Regulatory framework Users/ Other stakeholders Water needs & provision Demand side management Economic incentives South Gobi groundwater information and management center Groundwater Community Knowledge, Understanding and Technical solutions

27 SGR Groundwater Mgt. and Inf. Center (SGR-GMIC) MG SRI NGO SGR GMIC Uni PC SGR-GMIC could act as the focal point for groundwater management, monitoring, and regulation and could coordinate studies and investigations that will be needed to update and refine the groundwater potential and to develop guidelines for its sustainable allocation and use. Agency MC MG- Government, ministries Agency- implemting agencies MC-Mining companies PC-Private companies SRI-Scientific research Institutes Uni-Universities NGO- Nongovernment organizations

28 SUCCESFUL SGR-GMIC DEVELOPMENT Key elements for successful groundwater management Start small (priority areas, priority actions) Invest in resource knowledge and monitoring Central information sharing and transparent communication Dedicated manpower development and training Focused regional regulation with national embedding Include the value and cost of groundwater in planning Make maximum use of new technologies

29 CONTENTS Some salient features of groundwater What is Management and why is it needed? Key issues: information and communication How do we initiate management? Introducing groundwater management in the SGR Examples of international experience

30 SANA BASIN: IMPACT OF NO MANAGEMENT - lowering 2-6 m/yr since 1970 s MCM/yr depletion - aquifer depleted in 5-10 yr - management proposed but not effective yet Quat production

31 KITUI SAND DAMS: WHERE THERE WAS NO WATER Abstraction well Vulnerability Categories Agriculture Special aspects Vulnerability indicators Before dam construction After dam construction # of cash crops % irrigated crops Water collection Domestic (minutes) Water collection Life Stock (minutes) Gender Average walking distance women to water (km) 3 1 Economic Income (US$./year) Health % households suffering from malnutrition

32 BANGLADESH: COOPERATION Dhaka Water Quality Information Center (DWQIC) Cooperation between - Dhaka Water and Sewerage Authority - Department of Environment - Bangladesh Water Development Board Sharing groundwater monitoring data in a joint information center

33 SADC GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUE South African Development Community (SADC) Groundwater Management Institute (GMI) housed: Free State University in Bloemfontein (South Africa) Start: June 2010 The 14 SADC member states join the SADC- GMI to provide them: - aggregated data/information on groundwater and drought management - training and manpower development - centre of excellence for regional groundwater management issues

34 Abstraction (MCM) BANGKOK: REGULATION AND GROUNDWATER FUND - Regulatory and economic measures - Imposed based on monitoring information Groundwater Abstraction Bangkok Tariff 8.5 Bht 2.2 Tariff 3.5 Bht 2 Critical zone announcement Year Groundwater fund used for - Monitoring - Research - Training & manpower development

35 Groundwater management is about what s going on underground... and not to bury our heads in the sand