Two/three industrial revolutions

Transcription

1 Two/three industrial revolutions 1 st : in England. 2 nd : in Europe, USA & Japan. 3 rd : middle of the 20 th century (excolonies).

2 The 2 nd Industrial Revolution

3 1 st Revolution 2 nd Revolution Power source: steam (coal). Power source: electricity/oil. Place: Great Britain. Place: Europe, USA, Japan. Sectors: textile, iron. Sectors: chemicals, steel onwards onwards.

4 Power source Cause: more machines. Effect: more energy. The coal available was not enough. It was replaced by petrol. Cause: the car was invented. Effect: the use of petrol rose.

5 Power source (2) Cause: a revolution in transport. Effect: stimulated new industries and commerce. Steel: machines, railways, ships, cars, iron buildings, etc.

6 Power source (3) Need for extra finance (capital), money. The growth of banking and share-holding. High Capitalism. Companies = Public Limited Companies (PLC). Giving out shares which public could buy.

7 Power source (4) Electricity: Electric generation established by Michael Faraday in Thomas Edison invented a light bulb in The first commercial power station was opened in San Francisco (1879). 250,000 lamps are used in USA in 1885.

8 Power source (5) Cause: various electrical domestic inventions in the early 1900s: Oven, vacuum cleaner, washing machine. Effect: the developed world changed in a radical way.

9 Adding Revolutions (2) Petroleum (heat, fuel). Car (transport method). Steel (car, train, etc., making). Capital (money), bank. Electricity (energy source). Domestic (home tools).

10 New World Powers

11 USA World s number 1 economy In God we trust E pluribus Unum

12 Europe s number 1 economy Germany

13 Traditional/historical economic power/reference England

14 USA - petroleum? First commercial drilling and bringing oil up to the surface was Edwin Drake in Pennsylvania in 1859.

15 USA (2) - petroleum companies John Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company in Control over the 90% of crude oil production. The first great industrial monopoly.

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19 Where is the petroleum?

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22 Petroleum consumption per day: barrels 1 barrel = 159 liters

23 Germany -steel & chemistry 1870: creation of the German state. The Rhine and the Ruhr valleys were rich in coal. Stimulation of the iron and steel industry. Also, the chemical industry (synthetic dyes and aspirin).

24 Rhine-Ruhr

25 1897

26 Felix Hoffman Inventor of the Aspirin

27 Bayer factory Leverkusen

28 1889

29 It all began courtesy of two Scots, Alexander Mackay and Robert Russell Ross, overseas British workers at the Rio Tinto mines. The club was originally named Huelva Recreation Club. The doctors founded the club in order to provide the mine workers under their care with physical recreation.

30 Football was introduced to Bilbao by two distinct groups of players, both with British connections; British steel and shipyard workers and Basque students returning from schools in Britain. In the late 19th century Bilbao was a leading port of an important industrial area with iron mines and shipyards nearby. It was the driving force of the Spanish economy and as a result attracted many migrant workers. Among them were miners from the north-east of England, and shipyard workers from Southampton, Portsmouth and Sunderland. The British workers brought with them (as to so many other parts of the world) the game of football. In the early 1890s these workers came together and formed Bilbao Football Club.

31 Meanwhile, sons of the Basque educated classes had made the opposite journey and went to Britain to complete their studies in civil engineering and commerce. While in the United Kingdom these students developed an interest in football and on their return to Bilbao they began to arrange games with British workers. In 1898 students belonging to the Gymnasium Zamacois founded the Athletic Club, using the English spelling.

32 Other European countries France & Northern Italy: industrialisation began in the middle of the 19 th century. Austria, Russia & Spain: industrialisation was slower and located in few places.

33 Spain Problem: No capital to invest in machinery. No market for the products. Most of the population lived on a subsistence basis. Bourgeoisie used money to buy lands instead of creating industries. Countries infrastructure were very old.

34 Catalonia First real extensive industrial activity. Textile industry in Barcelona, the first modern industrial factory, the Bonaplata, using steam driven machines to produce textiles. Factories appeared all over Catalonia and other Mediterranean regions.

35 Biscay Another principal industry: Bilbo and surroundings (La arboleda). Based on iron-ore and mining.

36 Others 1833: First Altos Hornos in Marbella. 1834: First Spanish steam-ship. 1848: First train, from Barcelona to Mataro. 1868: The peseta was introduced, as a single currency.