Lei Chu San Office for the Development of the Energy Sector, Macau SAR, China

Transcription

1 Lei Chu San Office for the Development of the Energy Sector, Macau SAR, China CELP2014, 27/11/2014

2 Table of Content Solar energy resource in Macau Initiatives of Solar PV applications in Macau Regulation of Safety and Installation of on-grid Solar PV System Incentives for promoting PV on-grid connection Prospects

3 Macau energy situation Small region, lack of traditional primary energy resources Heavily depending on importation of primary energy More than 40% energy consumption in the form of electricity (total electricity consumption was 4,408GWh in 2013). Sources of electricity: Importing from Mainland China (92% of total consumption in 2013) Local generation: HFO and NG (5%) and Refuse incineration(3%) Any other clean and sustainable energy?

4 Solar energy resource in Macau Solar resource distribution in China Districts Type Solar Radiation (MJ/m 2 a) Abundance 1 >6300 Abundant ~6300 Very Rich ~5040 Rich 4 <3780 Average Macau:5,000MJ/m 2.a Solar Energy is rich and usable

5 Initiatives of Solar PV in Macau To cope with the energy and environment protection policy, explore local renewable energies Study on applications of solar energy Solar Water Heating On-grid Solar PV system (without battery) Pilot projects of Solar PV Systems Four selected locations for testing, data collection and demonstration Standards and Regulations Regulate installation and safety of on-grid Solar PV System Motivation Study on Incentives Fit in Tariff (FIT) Subsidy on capital investment

6 Pilot projects GDSE has been working on the study and promotion of applications of renewable energies in Macau. After preliminary study, solar energy has revealed its highest potential of utilization in Macau, among all up-to-date technologies of renewables. For the promotion of application of Solar PV system, pilot projects were implemented at 4 different locations, with a total of 56kWp. Collect scientific data Gain experience on implementation Testing technical requirements for on-grid connection Demonstration for professions and society

7 Pilot projects

8 Conclusions from Pilot projects Best direction of PV panels: facing to South with an angle of 22. Equivalent Full-load Hour: 1,000 hours per year Direct radiation Diffuse radiation Reflected radiation α Solar Panel Ground or roof

9 On-grid Solar PV System Connection with the public network in two ways: through user s AC system public network connection point Without the need of battery Electricity consumed by user/public grid instantly Save investment on battery No post-usage process on battery s end of life Free from secondary pollution

10 On-grid Solar PV System Typical on-grid PV system (without battery, directly to public connection point DC Output Inverter User load AC Feed-in Meter User AC Panel User Meter Public Grid

11 On-grid Solar PV System Typical on-grid PV system (without battery), connecting to public through user AC system. DC Output Inverter User load AC Feed-in Meter User AC Panel User Meter (bi-directional) Public Grid

12 Regulatory works For promoting the development of Solar PV system, we need to standardize the safety requirements of installation a electrical connection Identify important technical requirements for guarantee the safety of on-grid connection, and thus safety of the public grid define procedures for application and tests approvals When complied with the regulation, the public utility company must purchase the electricity generated from PV system.

13 Regulation on Safety and Installation of on-grid Solar PV systems Regulation was drafted by taking references of China GB, IEC, IEEE, HK, Taiwan, Singapore and British standards, regulations and guidelines. On-grid technical requirements Mainly referred China GB, on power quality, electrical safety and protection China GB standards of PV systems mainly refer to IEC standards Why Safety of Installation important? taking consideration of long lifetime of PV systems, mostly on rooftop as an add-on to the building a district with typhoon requirements on fixing and supporting frame for PV panels

14 Regulation on Safety and Installation of on-grid Solar PV systems Applicable to: all Solar PV systems on public or private buildings On-grid: directly connecting with public grid, or connecting to public grid through user s AC system Mainly three parts in the regulation: Safety of installation On-grid Safety Application Procedures

15 The Regulation: Safety of installation Safety of installation Two types: small: 100kWp, and large: >100kWp Installation requirements: regulation and precautions for fire and water proofing structure and loading for rooftop Metallic supports and mounting bases for fixing panels Lightening protection and earthing protection Warning signs at PV panel, AC panel and connection point.

16 Regulation: safety and technical requirements for on-grid systems On-grid Safety Power quality: deviation of voltage and frequency, harmonics, power factors, three-phase unbalance, DC component, voltage fluctuation and flicker Safety of Person and equipment: Over/under voltage/frequency protection Restoration time Island protection Short-circuit protection Lack of Phase protection

17 Regulation: Application procedures Application Procedures Normal procedures for application Applicable laws and regulations Simplified procedures of project approval for a system less than 3kWp Requirements of On-grid application to the public utility

18 Incentives for the promotion of applications Difficulties for the promotion of applications on Solar PV systems, due to: high capital investment long return period lack of motivation

19 Incentives for the promotion of applications Summary of incentives and measures China: subsidy to equipment, FIT Taiwan: subsidy to capital investment, purchase tariff of renewables Singapore: subsidy to capital investment, financial support for research Japan: subsidy to installation, tax reduction, purchase tariff German: low interest loan, FIT France: subsidy, FIT and tax reduction Portugal: tax reduction, FIT

20 Incentives Most of the other countries/districts use incentives FIT subsidy to capital investment Feed In Tariff (FIT) special tax reduction financing assistance With an on-grid feed in tariff higher than normal tariff to purchase, e.g. 3 times or more.

21 Prospects Promotion of PV systems copes with the Government s Policy on Energy and Environmental protection. PV electricity would complement to fossil-fuel electricity generation. As a result of study, the potential space is optimistically for about 30MW of install capacity of Solar PV systems. The enactment of Regulation on Safety and Installation of, sets out technical requirements. Public utility company can not refuse to obtain on-grid PV electricity when comply with the regulation.

22 Prospects With the drive of incentive measures, installation at domestic house, high-rise residential and commercial buildings, tourism complex (hotel, casino), etc. can be expected. Commercial investment can play an important role for pushing forward the scale of on-grid PV systems in Macau.

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