Overview of Organic Postharvest

Transcription

1 T.V. Suslow Dept. of Plant Sciences, UCD ANR Pub. #7254 Postharvest Handling for Organic Crops 1 Organic Foods Production Act (7 CFR Part 205) 1990 National Organic Standards definitions + authority USDA National Organic Standards Board advisory to Sec of Ag National Organic Program certification + enforcement USDA / AMS California Organic Products Act 2003 CDFA and DHS t/ tvsuslow@ucdavis.edu 1

2 Organic is a production claim Organic is about how food is produced and handled. Organic is not a content claim It does not represent that a product is free of something Organic is not a food safety claim Organic is not a judgment about the quality and safety of any product Organic does not mean a product is superior, safer, or more healthy than conventionally produced food NOP defines organic An ecological production management system Biodiversity & Biological cycles Soil biological activity Enhance ecological harmony Prohibits irradiation, sewage sludge, GMO Requires use of composted materials or validated thermal treatment National Organic Standards Board sets Allowable, Restricted, Prohibited in protest. Alternatives to USDA Organic Certification have been organized credit: Dog Mountain Farm tvsuslow@ucdavis.edu 2

3 ANR 3509 July 2010 Monitoring Requirements One temperature reading per day Every 150 feet per 200 yd 2 Windrow : depth Aerated static pile : under cover tvsuslow@ucdavis.edu 3

4 180 re ( o F) Temperatur Critical Temperature Threshold Time (days) 10 Run-off from stock manure piles Handling incomplete and finished compost with no clean-up Wind Variation or vector in E. spread coli and of manure TTC from Compost Windrows Incomplete kill and re-growth (summer vs. winter) 4/28/04 E. coli TTC log (cfu/100g) P Q R S* compost 11 Minimum temperature: 300 F (150 C) for 60 minutes Acceptance Criteria: Fecal coliforms Negative or < DL per gram Salmonella: Negative or < DL (<1/ 30 grams) E. coli O157:H7: Negative or < DL (<1/ 30 grams) Chicken and Sheep Manure Pellets tvsuslow@ucdavis.edu 4

5 Affected multiple growers Recognized benefits in plant fertility pest management foliar pathogen control 5

6 Molasses Proprietary microbial nutrients Yeast extract & Whey blends Kelp Meal Blood Meal Bone and Feather Meal Cottonseed meal Fish Emulsion Humic Acids US Research by - Ingram USDA-ARS, Belltsville, - Brinton et al. (2004), Woods End US Compost Tea Task Force recommendations Test teas for E. coli IF (1) tea contains nutrient additives (2) are to be used > 1 hr after production AND are to be used on (3) food crops harvested <90d after application tvsuslow@ucdavis.edu 6

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8 Organic integrity -- audit trail + labeling Certification recognized auditor Provisions for audits of certifiers Prevention/ Control of commingling Barriers to contamination packaging physical or spatial separation NOP Synthetic substances allowed for use in organic crop production (Restricted Use) Algicides, disinfectants, and sanitizers (1) Alcohols (i) Ethanol (ii) Isopropanol (2) Chlorine materials (i) Calcium hypochlorite (ii) Chlorine dioxide (iii) Sodium hypochlorite (3) Hydrogen peroxide (4) Soap-based algicide/demisters Residual chlorine levels in the water shall not exceed the maximum residual disinfectant limit under the Safe Drinking Water Act. (4ppm) tvsuslow@ucdavis.edu 8

9 Revision: Ethylene Generators now allowed for postharvest ripening of tropical fruit and flower induction of pineapple NOSB Processing Criteria A SYNTHETIC PROCESSING AID OR ADJUVANT may be used if; An equivalent substance cannot be produced from a natural source and has no substitutes that are organic ingredients. tvsuslow@ucdavis.edu 9

10 NOP Final Rule [ (a)] Packer/Shippers must have a Handling System Plan for Organic Integrity A description of the management practices and physical barriers established to prevent commingling of organic and non-organic organic products on a split operation and to prevent contact of organic production and handling operations and products with prohibited substances; and any additional information deemed necessary by the certifying agent to evaluate compliance with the regulations. Organic Handlers Must File an Audited OHP for Certification and Compliance Dedicated cooling equipment and cold rooms Hydrocool, Spray Vacuum cooling at the beginning of the day after a complete water exchange Overnight cold room storage Use ozonation to mitigate pesticide residues tvsuslow@ucdavis.edu 10

11 Stainless Steel Hydrovac After Daily Clean Out Organic products are cooled first Certification Requires Approved SSOP Sanitary Standard Operating Procedure Define - Validate - Document Are quats allowed? Yes, on non-food contact surfaces Yes, on food contact surfaces if followed with clean rinse from approved water sources No contact means you should never have Quat injury tvsuslow@ucdavis.edu 11

12 Anti-Browning NatureSeal CA/MA Systems Tectrol DeFoamers Foam Blast ORG Disinfectants Peracectic acid (only some formulations) Ethylene Control EC Power Pellets Fruit Coatings Natralife BC Wax Citrus Lustr (Decco Lustr) OMRI Organic Materials Review Institute Waxes: may not contain synthetic substances; carnauba and other natural waxes acceptable; waxed products must be labeled Ethylene removal: KMnO4 air filtration ti systems allowed strict separation from product; UV light ozone destruction system X ray irradiation for metal detection for packaged products is permitted Chlorine remains the predominant treatment Must allow for municipal treated water Must allow for decay control and safety Typically ppm 4 ppm HOCL residual downstream Flotation aids: lignin sulfonates YES sodium silicates NO tvsuslow@ucdavis.edu 12

13 or Class Organic acids Spice extracts Thiosulfinates Metals Examples Acetic Acid, Benzoic, Lactic acid Thymol, Clove, Cinnamon Allicin Copper ions Acetic acid Propionic acid Lactic acid Most effective; $$$$ Succininc acid 2-4% alone 1% as combination 13

14 Relative Effectiveness of Washing of Tomato % of Initial Not Washed Wash Cl Wash PerOAC Wash 2% LA Wash Lactic acid E. coli O157:H7 Shigella HAV Preharvest and postharvest antimicrobials have been developed Ozone Gas (a)(5) Final October 31, 2003 (68 Federal Register 61992) Re-affirmed November 2007 Allowed with the annotation: As cleaning agent for irrigation lines only Allows broad O 3 use in postharvest tvsuslow@ucdavis.edu 14

15 Ozone treatment during overnight storage may: Reduce ethylene Reduce airborne microbes Disinfect surfaces Longer-term ozone use also helps: Prevent sporulation Reduce pesticide residues Works best in pack to order or repack Joseph Smilanick, PhD USDA Agricultural Research Service 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier CA

16 Ozone gas is constantly present Concentration is usually low, typically 100 to 300 parts per billion (0.1 to 0.3 parts per million) Resistant Decline **Indicates % reduction of residue from initial concentration Prevent transfer of any Prohibited Substances Prohibited pesticides Oil and grease Heavy metals Soil and debris Prohibited cleaners tvsuslow@ucdavis.edu 16

17 Mixed use of cartons, pallets, bins, etc is prohibited/restricted Separation and Maintenance of Organic Integrity in Cold Storage Palletize Organics Above Conventional Produce Dry loads above wet loads Barriers to prevent contamination 17

18 Maintain Organic Integrity in Retail Display Do retailers need to be certified under the National Organic Standards? Retailers are not required to be certified. prevent commingling g with non-organic organic certified prevent contamination with prohibited substances keep records of integrity through delivery to the customer NOP rule 7 CFR Section 205 Organic produce should be stored separate from or above conventional produce tvsuslow@ucdavis.edu 18

19 Resources for more information Available on handout Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas 19

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