Ammonia Carbonation and Biomass Pyrolysis for Carbon Management

Transcription

1 Ammonia Carbonation and Biomass Pyrolysis for Carbon Management James W. Lee, 1* Danny Day, 2 Robert J. Evans, 3 and Rongfu Li, 4 1 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA 2 Aprida, Inc., Atlanta, GA USA 3 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO USA 4 Former Jinhuashi Chemical Fertilizer Company, China *Corresponding Leejw@ORNL.gov, Tel: ; Fax:

2 This Technology Could Transform Two Industrial Greenhouse-Gas Emitters into an Environmentally Remedying and Productive System

3 Validity of the Proposed Technology Concept Can Be Seen by Comparison between Two Fertilizer Production Reactions The proposed CO 2 -solidifying NH 4 HCO 3 production process: 3CH 4 + 4N H 2 O + 5CO 2 8NH 4 HCO 3 r G = &5.44 kj/mol The current ammonium nitrate production process emitting CO 2 : 3CH 4 + 4N 2 + 2H 2 O + 8O 2 4NH 4 NO 3 + 3CO 2

4 Chemical Pathways for Simultaneous Removal of Major CO 2 and ppm Levels of NO x and SO x Emissions by Innovative Application of the Fertilizer Production Reactions Flue-gas N 2 CO 2 CH or H NH NH HCO CO Catalysis +H 2 O or (NH ) CO NO + SO X X Catalysis HNO + H SO NH NO + (NH ) SO HO 2

5 Fundamental Question to Be Answered by Experiment: Is is feasible to use ammonia-carbonation reaction to remove CO 2 emissions from industrial flue gas? NH 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O NH 4 HCO 3 r G = &18.05 kj/mol ORNL DWG Electricity NH HCO 4 3 Air Boiler Flue Gas 15% CO, 80% N Ammonia Scrubbing Technology CO 2 Reduction Goal 20-60% Coal NH Supply 3

6 Potential Capacity of the Proposed Ammonia-Scrubbing Technology for Removal of Industrial CO 2 Emissions Year World annual nitrogen fertilizer consumption * Possible capacity for CO 2 solidification Potential carbon credit million tons N/year million tons N/year 315 million tons CO 2 /year 18.6% (U.S.) or 4.8% (world) reduction in CO 2 emissions from coal-fired power plants million tons N/year 378 million tons CO 2 /year 22.3% (U.S.) or 5.76% (world) reduction in CO 2 emissions from coal-fired power plants Data from: Kawashima, K., K. Okamoto, M. J. Bazin, and J. M. Lynch (1998) Nitrogen fertilizer and ecotoxicology: Global distribution of environmental pollution caused by food production, Biotechnology Research Series 7:

7 A Preliminary Test Reactor System Constructed through a Small Seed Money ($70K) Project

8 Illustration of the Test Reactor System Constructed at Our Lab

9 Our Experimental Results: Measurements of CO 2 Removal by Ammonia Carbonation in the Gas Phase CO2 Removal Efficiency (% ) A R 0.12 R 0.06 R TIME (min)

10 Our Experimental Results: Solid Product Produced by Ammonia Carbonation in the Gas Phase

11 Solid Products (NH 4 HCO 3 and NH 2 COONH 4 ) from Ammonia- Carbonation Experiments Were Identified by NMR Analysis

12 Conceptual Design to Remove CO 2 Emissions in Industrial Combustion Facilities by Ammonia Carbonation ORNL DWG Electricity NH HCO 4 3 Air Boiler Flue Gas 15% CO, 80% N Ammonia Scrubbing Technology CO 2 Reduction Goal 20-60% Coal NH Supply 3

13 Integration of Ammonia Carbonation and Biomass Pyrolysis for Carbon Management

14 Potential Application of Ammonia Carbonation for Removal of CO2 from Biomass Pyrolysis to Make Pure H2

15 Preliminary NH 3 -CO 2 -Char Experiment

16 Photograph of NH 3 -CO 2 -Treated Char, Untreated Char, and NH 4 HCO 3 -Char Mixture (50%/50%W)

17 Experimental Measurements show: NH 4 HCO 3 -char product has a better (neutral) ph Products Char Treated by NH 3 -CO 2 - solidifying Process Untreated Char NH 4 HCO 3 Char Mixture (50%/50% W) ph

18 Intelligent Application of NH 4 HCO 3 -Char to Enhance Sequestration of Carbon into Soil/Subsoil Earth Layers

19 Expected Benefits from the Invention