Recycling of UNF. Paul Murray

Transcription

1 Recycling of UNF Paul Murray September 2016

2 Recycling of Commercial UNF is NOT the same as the operations that went on at Hanford.

3 96% of a used fuel assembly is recyclable Composition of used light water reactor fuel 1 LWR fuel assembly = 500 kg uranium before irradiation in the reactor Recyclable materials Waste After irradiation* U 475 to 480 kg (94 to 96 %) Pu 5 kg (1 %) FP/MA 15 to 20 kg (3 to 5 %) RECYCLING RECYCLING FINAL WASTE * Percentages may vary based on fuel burnup

4 Short Term Storage at Reactor Site and then Rail Shipment to La Hague

5 UNF Pool For Recycling Plant

6 Classic Recycling of UNF 1-through cycle Fresh Fuel 8 LWR Used Fuels 8 MOX Fuel 1 Used Fuel Recycle Recycling once ERU Fuel 1 Waste (FP, MA) Actual value depends on fuel burn-up and enrichment LWR Used Fuel 2

7 HLW Vitrification in France Vitrification produces an engineered waste form suitable for long term geological disposal. AREVA has : Over 30 years of Industrial Operation Experience in France producing HLW glass More than 18,300 glass canisters produced Production of 0.7 glass canisters per MT of HM of fuel processed Note the canisters are universal and not US HLW canisters. Universal canister about one third of size Hanford or SR HLW canister

8 No Liquid HLW Stored on Site Additives Flow rate measurement Dust recycling Condensation Final gas treatment Gaseous releases Dust removal Liquid waste treated Glass frit FP concentrates Calcination Glass melting Glass pouring Control Heat and radioactivity will decrease naturally over time Cooling Lid welding Supply Decontamination Interim storage

9 m 3 /thm 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 UP3 design 1980 Continuous improvements Between 1980 and 2016, HLW/GTCC volumes have been reduced by a factor of 5 La Hague La Hague + Melox Future plants Process and techno waste - GTCC/HLW including GTCC(TRU) For future plants, reduction by more than 25% is expected compared to 2010 (in particular 70% for process wastes) 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0, Future plants

10 Ceramic Melters and CCIM Comparison DWPF Ceramic Melter Assembly Cold Crucible Induction Melter Assembly Weight: 68 Tons Operating life: <10 years Weight: 10 Tons Operating life: >10 years 10

11 Why Recycle for France

12 13,480 thm 11,380 thm 16,300 thm 19,050 thm

13 Number of Fuel Assemblies

14 Burn-up of US Assemblies Taken from paper:-fuel cycle potential waste disposition FCR&D-USED

15 Time line for UNF Assume current reactors reach 80 years operating life. No new reactors after 2020.

16 Integrated UNF Management Site Dry Storage Pad / RD&D Platform Phased Approach leaves options open

17 Economic impact to Community and State, Region. EPRI and utility report for construction cost and number of jobs required to build and operate a interim storage facility for 40,000 tunf. USC business school reviewed the report and built a model for the impact of the facility on the community, state and region (SE and SW) based on social economic impact models they had previously conducted for Boeing and BMW. Study did neglect any additional incentives that may be negotiated by State to host facility..

18 Interim Storage Impact on SE US.

19 Technology Evaluation Center (TEC) PIE Facility Hot Cell (T0) Computational Facility Accelerated Aging Pad licensed under 10CFR72, not 10CFR70 or 10CFR50.

20 Integrated UNF Management Site- Pilot Recycling Facility and RD&D Platform Evolutionary technology benefiting from over 40 years of operating experience

21 Initial Recycling Facility Balanced fuel cycle Recycling capacity matched to product demand Propose an initial Pilot 800 thm/y capacity plant that builds on best available technology to minimize risk COEX TM Separations process so NO separated Pu Manage product using existing nuclear infrastructure while DOE develops Gen IV Reactor (50 plus years for first commercial Unit.) LWR MOX is therefore an interim step for closing the cycle. As per DOE Option Study. Multiple recycle of used MOX in US is feasible Pilot Facility could supply fuel to, Limited number of existing LWR s or ~2 to 4 SFR

22 Pilot Facility Approach Allows the US to maintain recycling capability to recycle UNF and industrialize advanced technologies without committing the country 100% to current LWR recycling technology. Pilot Facility can make a significant difference to any one of the 4 NRC regions where UNF is stored and generated by the current LWR fleet.

23 Work Force (800 MT/y plant) FTE operation support sub contractors FTE operator FTE owner FTE construction sub contractors FTE engineering Major Impact on Region from Primary and Secondary Jobs

24 Economic Impact of Pilot Recycling Facility in SE US

25 Financial Benefit to Region of Recycling Facility

26 UNF is not an engineered waste form. Conclusion Recycling stabilizes the long lived fission products in an engineered waste form suitable for geological repository. Recycling reduces volume of HLW and therefore size and cost of geological repository. Propose a pilot scale recycling plant at 800 thm/y Work off all the UNF in one region of the US. Manage non self protecting UNF. Major impact to state and region with significant long term high paying jobs. Could be located at the consolidated interim storage or geological repository site. In the US recycle of commercial MOX is a viable technique for managing used MOX fuel.