New Materials for Energy-Efficient Systems

Transcription

1 Sustainable Neighbourhood from Lisbon to Leipzig through Research (L2L) New Materials for Energy-Efficient Systems Hans-Peter Ebert Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern) Division: Functional Materials for Energy Technology Würzburg, Germany

2 Relevance of Energy Efficiency Green Paper on Energy Efficiency, EC 2005

3 Cooling Demand within the EU Increase by factor of 5 expected within 25 years Cooling demand in GWh for the EU EECCAC, Country reports, 2003 Remedy: Energy-efficient systems use passive cooling with phase change materials (PCMs)

4 Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for Thermal Storage Using a phase change (solidliquid) for energy storage Typical PCMs: paraffin, salt hydrates and salts Melting paraffin: temperature remains constant during the melting process Heat storage and release at a defined temperature

5 Plasterboards with Integrated PCM Plasterboards with microencapsulated paraffin 35 wt.% microencapsulated paraffin is integrated into the plasterboard core during manufacture cover: fibreglass fleece instead of card polymer wax Technical data: board thickness: 15 mm amount of paraffin: 3.3 kg/m² melting enthalpy: 366 kj/m² gypsum crystals with PCM microspheres

6 Principle of Passive Cooling with PCM storage of solar gain deloading via night cooling temperature conventional PCM melting temperature of PCM energy storage energy release time

7 Comparison: Thermally Massive and Lightweight Buildings room temperature / C massive building lightweight building lightweight building with PCM: T melt = 23 C, PCM-amount per area: 3 kg/m day nocturnal passive cooling

8 Outlook: Microencapsulated Salts and Salt Hydrates Inorganic encapsulation using sol-gel technology and plasma treatment of salts and salt hydrates Network to Overcome the Fundamental Problems Involved in Developing Highly-Efficient Latent Heat Stores on the Basis of Inorganic Storage Materials funded by Further information:

9 Energy Use in Europe Industry; 28% Building; 40% Transport; 32% com (2006) 545 final Optimized thermal insulation reduces energy consumption for heating and for cooling

10 Comparison of Thermal Insulation Materials 50 W 10 3 m K 40 thermal conductivity λ AIR solid+ radiation standard thermal insulation (e.g. mineral wool) vacuum insulation panel (VIP)

11 Components of a VIP nanostructured highbarrier laminate nanoporous loadbearing filler material

12 Nanoporous Silica as a Filler Material for VIPs Load bearing with low thermal conductivity Nanoporosity improves service life to > 30 years Ir-opacification reduces thermal radiative transport opacifier silica particle Wacker Chemie Fa. va-q-tec AG pyrogenic silica schematic structure

13 Retrofitting a Terrace House with VIPs Architect: F. Lichtblau, Munich, 2001 U-value before = 1.0 W/(m²K) U-value after = 0.15 W/(m²K) Architekt: F. Lichtblau, München, 2001 Thermal imaging: Blue areas indicate excellent thermal insulation performance

14 Outlook: Evacuated Glazing Systems U-value = 0.5 W/(m 2 K) prototypes at glasstec 2007 Further information: commercial production planned for 2009

15 icefuel project integrated cable energy system for fuel and power Technical approach: Super-insulated multifunctional cables for the hybrid transport of cryogenic fuels, electricity and information boil-off gas electricity information flexible, thermal superinsulation based on new materials, λ < W/(mK) LH 2 LN 2, LAir Further information:

16 Conclusion Energy efficiency is essential for the mitigation of CO 2 emissions New materials offer the potential for more energy-efficient systems Further R&D work is needed to improve existing material concepts and to develop new, intelligent functional materials (e.g. switchable thermal insulation) Demonstration of new techniques and dissemination of results in teaching and training is important

17 Thank you for listening!