EOR: application to Egyptian oil fields with some environmental aspects

Transcription

1 EOR: application to Egyptian oil fields with some environmental aspects Dr.Helmy Sayyouh 14/12/2017 1

2 Current Status Production Rate: 89 MM b/d Consumption Rate: 92 MM b/d Proved reserves: 1700 MMM bbl R/P: 52 Years جامعة القاهرة Global oil demand and supply Source: bp Statistical Review of World Energy June 2015

3 Current Status Production Rate: 717,000 b/d Consumption Rate: 813,000 b/d Proved reserves: 3.6 MMM bbl R/P: 13 Years جامعة القاهرة Egyptian oil demand and supply Source: bp Statistical Review of World Energy June 2015

4 Oil consumption is continuously increasing which motivated oil producing countries to optimize their production. Most of easy oil has been already extracted, leaving a nonnegligible quantity of highly viscous trapped oil in the reservoirs. This requires the usage of what is commonly known by conventional and non-conventional enhanced oil recovery techniques. 4

5 Oil Recovery Enhancement Techniques جامعة القاهرة The important question is: how much of oil is recoverable and what techniques could be applied?

6 Development of a Recovery Method جامعة القاهرة. Laboratory research and Field screening (1-2 years). Field pilot and Field results analysis (2-3 years). Semi-commercial project and Commercial development (3-5 years) 6

7 World Status of the EOR projects during Status of the EOR projects in 2014 جامعة القاهرة Source: 2004, 2010, 2012 and 2014 Worldwide EOR Survey Oil and Gas Journal

8 Status of the EOR Projects in the World جامعة القاهرة Steam Hot water 4, 1.2% 7, 2.0% 1, 0.3% 2, 0.6% Combustion CO2 Immiscible 22, 6.3% 7, 2.0% 1, 0.3% 135, 38.9% 128, 36.9% Hydrocarbon Miscible 143, 41.2% 38, 11.0% 2, 0.6% Acid Gas Miscible CO2 Miscible 174, 50.1% 1, 0.3% 13, 3.7% 16, 4.6% Hydrocarbon Immiscible Nitrogen Immiscible Chemical (Polymer, Surfactant) MEOR Thermal EOR Methods Miscible EOR Methods Immiscible EOR Methods Chemical EOR Methods MEOR Source: 2004, 2010, 2012 and 2014 Worldwide EOR Survey Oil and Gas Journal

9 A number of oil fields in Egypt are expected to undergo one or more of the EOR methods in the near future. However, the implementation of any of the EOR methods involves high capital expenditure. These processes are a rather difficult and high risk operation. Proper selection of the EOR method for any particular reservoir is necessary to achieve a successful and profitable project. This needs research!! 9

10 EOR Research Projects (M.Sc. and PhD Theses ) at Egypt جامعة القاهرة EOR Team: Dr. Helmy Sayyouh Dr. Ahmed El Banby Dr. Sahar El Marsafy Eng. Sherif Hadara Dr.Sayed El-Tayeb Dr. M. abu EL Ela Dr. Sherif Akl Dr.M.Samir

11 In spite of the active research work in Egypt during the past decade, the petroleum industry has limited experience in actual field applications of EOR. Scarcity of previous field experience, coupled with the fact that only few experts know about all available EOR processes have prompted the current development, of a knowledge-based expert system that can facilitate the reservoir engineers task of selecting the most appropriate EOR method. 11

12 Available Data Ranges for Egyptian Reservoirs in Western Desert Available Data Ranges for Egyptian Reservoirs in Gulf of Suez API gravity: Degree Oil viscosity: Cp API gravity: Degree Oil viscosity: cp Reservoir depth: m Rock permeability: md Reservoir depth: ft Rock permeability: md Oil saturation: % Reservoir temperature: F Oil saturation: % Reservoir temperature: F Formation water salinity: MPPM Net pay thickness: ft Water salinity: MPPM Net pay thickness: ft Permeability variation coefficient: Formation type: SS - LS Permeability variation coefficient: Formation type: SS - LS M. miscibility pressure: psi Initial pressure: psi M. miscibility pressure: psi Initial pressure: psi 12

13 EOR method is specific for a specific reservoir!! However, Egyptian oil reservoirs, technically, are good candidate for immiscible gas injection. Steam injection is feasible in some of the Gulf of Suez reservoirs. The chemical methods are feasible in most of the Western Desert reservoirs. 13

14 The possibility of applying one of the EOR methods usually faced with two basic problems: 14

15 The first problem faced by the reservoir engineer in our area is to identify all the EOR methods applicable to the candidate oil field and select the most appropriate method based on technical and economic criteria!!. This problem of selecting the most suitable EOR process created a crucial need for experts to help, sort, process, analyze and cross-refer the acquired reservoir data coupled with other sources of information to achieve the most feasible selection of EOR technique to be applied to the candidate fields in an efficient and profitable way. 15

16 The second problem faced by the petroleum engineer in the area of oil industry is to identify the environmental aspects of the EOR methods applicable to the candidate oil field and select the most appropriate method of Produced Water (PW) treatment and economic criteria!!. Most of PW in EOR processes will lead to many environmental problems. This needs quantify and qualify the treated PW for reinjection purposes. PW problem (quantities and qualities) is important and we have to find the best available technology of treatment and reinjection to increase EOR safely. 16

17 In order to obtain the required analytical results of final treated water, the proved successful selection of the PW treatment must be considered. To increase the efficiency of PW treatment, a joint research team to get engineering solutions must be established. 14/12/2017 Dr.Helmy Sayyouh 17

18 On the positive side, in addition to benefit resulting from water flooding, there are the benefits from additional reclaimed oil. جامعة القاهرة Consider a major producer disposing 10,000 barrels per day of PW containing 200 ppm oil-in-water. Reduction of oil-in-water content to less than 10 ppm for reinjection purposes would result in additional potential recovery of oil worth in excess $100,000 US per annum (based on oil price $15 US per Barrel). When considering cost implications there are obvious benefits in reinjecting PW for secondary oil recovery. 14/12/2017 Dr.Helmy Sayyouh 18

19 Management of produced water in EOR processes Oil field water management encompasses the entire water cycle associated with field development. The top priorities for water management are diagnosing, reduce, re-use, and treatment and disposal. 14/12/2017 Dr.Helmy Sayyouh 19

20 Diagnose means find the production zone or identify the WP problem (the most difficult part of the process). Reduce means minimizing PW to surface. Re-use means turning water into a value proposition utilizing technologies such as reinject it for pressure maintenance and/or improve sweep efficiency. Treatment and disposal is handling the water to meet the environmental requirements. 14/12/2017 Dr.Helmy Sayyouh 20

21 Advances in water management technologies are allowing engineers to better analyze, optimize and manage water in the reservoir and the surface. Water affects all the stages of any oil field production cycle. We have to find alternative uses for excess PW and transform it from waste into resources. 14/12/2017 Dr.Helmy Sayyouh 21

22 The first requirement for water management is the identification of the nature of water produced and its possible cause's. The success of the remedial action will depend upon its correct identification and the choice of the right corrective procedure. 14/12/2017 Dr.Helmy Sayyouh 22

23 Relative Permeability Modifier (RPM) Polymer Treatment for Controlling Water Production جامعة القاهرة RPM are high-molecular weight, water-soluble, hydrophilic PAM polymers that are formulated to display the following properties: Better affinity for sandstone/carbonates surfaces and water than oil or gas. Higher tolerance for waters containing divalent cations such as calcium and magnesium. 14/12/2017 Dr.Helmy Sayyouh 23

24 They can be injected into a producer without the requirement that water zones are identified and isolated from the oil producing zones. This is a big plus! Under favourable reservoir conditions and with suitable RPM polymer, the process has been found effective in laboratory tests and successful in some field trials. RPM application (Trade Name: Aqua Con) in a high water-cut well in the Chevron Texaco project in the Bekasap field, Indonesia illustrates its success جامعة القاهرة 14/12/2017 Dr.Helmy Sayyouh 24

25 Environmental Effects of MEOR جامعة القاهرة The environmental control of MEOR is of great importance. It is necessary to prevent any adverse effects on the environment when applying this recovery method. Great effort is being expanded by investigators to understand the complex subsurface environment of a petroleum reservoir in relation to bacterial metabolism. One of the possible effects is the stimulation of indigenous sulfate-reducing bacteria which causes bio-corrosion in oil fields. 12/14/2017 Dr.Helmy Sayyouh 25

26 It is recommended to use certain types of bacteria for MEOR process that their bio product maximize oil recovery and minimize bio-corrosion. جامعة القاهرة The possible contaminations of surface, ground water and agriculture land during bacterial transport are of major environmental concern associated with MEOR field application. 12/14/2017 Dr.Helmy Sayyouh 26

27 BEST PRACTICE جامعة القاهرة For a water shut-off treatment, initially select wells with higher chance of success. Then, select successively more difficult ones as experience grows. Collect good/detailed diagnostic data to identify the type of water entry. Use smart well technology for temperature-profiling utilizing distributed temperature sensors. Use biological filters for cleaning produced water. 14/12/2017 Dr.Helmy Sayyouh 27

28 Artificial lift should be considered early in water-flood planning. On-site water shut-off treatment supervision is critical for success. Water quality can have a drastic impact on project economics. Since it is difficult to understand and model fracture initiation, growth, and containment, it is crucial to have a sound management program. 14/12/2017 Dr.Helmy Sayyouh 28