Environmental Science 101. Chapter 3 Urbanization

Transcription

1 Environmental Science 101 Chapter 3 Urbanization

2 Urbanization Basics Urban: Rural: Population > *2,500+ with a relatively high density of people and structures compared to the surrounding area. An area not classified as urban (can include small villages and towns) Urbanization: The creation and growth of urban areas. Population Density: # people/unit area Urban Growth: Rate of increase of an urban population (% per year)

3 Urbanization Facts 51% Word (79% USA)! Growing Rapidly It effects you (lame, but true) Growing ecological footprints

4 (20%) 2012 (51%) 2050 (70%) More Developed (75%) vs Less Developed (46%) 88% of population growth will occur in urban areas 400 Cities: 1 Million+ 22 Megacities: 10 million+ 3 Hypercities: 20 million+ Increasing Levels of Poverty: 1 Billion 2 Billion (2030)

5 Urbanization Benefits Concentration of Services Business, Industry, Colleges, Commerce, Technology, Arts, Entertainment High Life Expectancy Higher Education Rates Efficient Services Health Care/Family Planning/Social Services Mass Transit/Recycling Preserve Surrounding Wilderness

6 5 Urbanization Drawbacks Large Ecological Footprint even though only 2% of Land area Ex: London: 56 times size of city Urban Sprawl Resource Use/Depletion Urban Transportation Pollution and Waste Poverty

7 Think Critically

8 Urban Sprawl Definition: Spreading of low density housing and development around an urban center

9 Centralized Urban Environment Urban Sprawl Rural Public Transportation High Density Housing Use of Cars Required Low Density Housing Use of Trucks Required Low Density Housing Energy Efficient Energy Inefficient Energy Inefficient Many Natural Areas Few Natural Areas Many Natural Areas Where do you want to live?

10 Urban Transportation USA 4.5% People/33% Cars/43% Gas Fastest growing source CO2 50% Land Use Traffic = waste time/stress Accidents Germany

11 Resource Use and Depletion Large Ecological Footprints Water/Aquifers Colorado River Aquifers (25% overuse) 30% World (30+ Countries) Other Resources Forests Top soil Nonrenewable Resources (Oil, Metals)

12 Pollution and Wastes Input Resources Fossil Fuels Output Pollution/Waste Particulates Acid Rain (SO 2, NO X ) CO 2 /Global Warming 2.4 million/year 656,000 China 24,000 USA

13 Pollution and Wastes Water Chemicals Untreated Sewage Fertilizers Pesticides Municipal Solid Waste More Developed Less Developed Miscellaneous Noise Light

14 Think Critically Question: Are these problems Population, Urban, Lifestyle Issues?

15 Urban Poverty Definition: Set of conditions that people endure when they are not able to provide for their basic needs shelter, food, water Not limited to Urban Areas Urban Areas amplify problem 1 Billion People! Slums/Shanty Towns High Density Poor Locations Unsanitary Infectious Diseases

16 Example Mexico City 20.5 million people High Air Pollution Cars/Factories Climate Geography 3 Million Lack Sewers Fecal Snow 100,000 deaths/year Water Shortages High Unemployment/Poverty 1/3 live in Slums Decreases Pollution 50% 20% Banned Cars Phased PbGas Mandated Exhaust Levels Replace old vehicles Public Transportation Planted 25 million tree s

17 What Can Be Done / Solutions Smart Growth Improved Urban Transportation Resource Use and Waste Improvements Pollution and Waste (MSW) Urban Poverty

18 Smart Growth Improved Urban Transportation Resource Use Urban Planning Planned Neighborhoods Cars Mass Transit Reduce Resource Use Example: Portland OR Cars Parking Fee s Toll Roads Car Sharing Networks Alterna ves Mass Transit Bikes Walking Examples: Netherlands Mumbai, India 66% Lost to Waste Recycling (Gray) Efficient Use Charge True Costs Dams and Reservoirs Desalination

19 Pollution Municipal Solid Waste Urban Poverty Rules and Regulations Pollution Capture Alternative Energy Decrease Fossil Fuel Use Effeciency Incinerators Landfills 3 R s (80%) Reduce Reuse Recycle Rural Poverty Microloans Safe Water Aid Technology Site and Service (p. 80)

20 Eco cities: Curitiba Brazil # 1 Goal to Ecological Footprint and Quality of Life Jaime Lerner College Professor and Architect 3.2 million people Planned City BRT Bus Rapid Transit + Planned Neighborhoods Recycling Anti poverty programs poor earn money cleaning etc. 1.5 million trees 99% Would Never Leave!