Comprehensive Campus Renewable Energy Feasibility Study

Transcription

1 Presentation to Comprehensive Campus Renewable Energy Feasibility Study November 13, 2012 design/construction solutions

2 Overview Study Goals and Objectives Renewable & Energy Efficiency Incentives Solar PV Combined Heat & Power (CHP) Solar Thermal Fuel Cells Biomass Anaerobic Digestion Wind Energy Geothermal Next Steps

3 Study Goals & Objectives Identify locations & applications Buildings, grounds, utility infrastructure, historical significance Review technology & best practices State and local regulatory requirements Incentive programs Conformance to 2006 Master Plan Review existing studies Economic analysis UVM Student participation GIS Map

4 Student Participation Student ownership of the study Provided crucial insight into campus operations Research Solar PV Surveys (all) Wind (Ryan Darlow) Solar Thermal (Jack Lehrecke) Geothermal (Rich Smith) Extracurricular Visit to South Burlington Solar Farm AllEarth Renewables factory tour Engineering & Consulting career path exploration

5 Vermont Renewables & Efficiency Incentives Vermont SPEED / Standard Offer Program Program is full, but electronic applications still being accepted 2.2 MW E maximum LEVELLIZED PRICES (for information purposes only) $/kwh Solar PV Hydro Landfill Gas Farm Methane Wind - over 100 kw Wind kw or less Biomass Vermont Clean Energy Development Fund Loan and grant program is (currently) closed Theoretically open to CHP but no evidence that any have been submitted / awarded Local Utility Solar Tariffs BED: $0.20/kWh, connect directly to grid GMP: $0.06/kWh, net metering bonus

6 Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Small-Scale Renewable Energy Incentive Program $2.10/W DC up to 10 kw, $1.40/W DC up to 60 kw. Maximum incentive $97,500 or up to 50% of project costs, Solar Hot Water $3.00/100 Btu/d up to 1,500 kbtu/d, Maximum incentive of $45,000 or 50% of the costs Wind Hybrid incentive: (capacity-based + performance-based) $1.20 per kwh with a maximum incentive of $455,000 60% paid on installation; 40% at year one

7 Solar PV

8 Solar PV Technologies Installation best practices Incentives Locations 66 buildings 29 parking lots 3 ground mount sites Aggregate Summary of UVM Solar PV Opportunities Total Installable Capacity (kw) 6,525 Total Annual Output (MWh) 7, Campus Electrical Usage (MWh) 63,809 Percent Offset %

9 PATRICK GYM Total Useable Roof Space: Solar PV Sample Site Report 40,000 sq.ft. Type: Ballasted Roof-Mount Tilt Angle: 10 Orientation: 170 South Estimated Installed Cost $/watt: $4.16 Estimated Installed Cost: $1,330,000 Payback (with no incentives): Payback (with incentives): 18 years 17 years Solar PV System Size: 320kW Basis of Design Equipment: Sharp 250W Mono Solar Modules SunLink Ballasted Racking System 1x 250 kw PV Powered Inverter Cooper Crouse Hinds Disconnecting, Surge Protection Combiner Boxes Annual Electrical Usage: 3,655,385 kwh* (*usage is for entire complex) Annual Solar Generation: 384,000 kwh % offset: %

10 Combined Heat & Power / Cogeneration the simultaneous production of two or more useful forms of energy from a single fuel source (usually electricity and steam or hot-water) at higher combined efficiency Potential Opportunities: Cage Complex CHP University Heights CHP

11 Combined Heat & Power / Cogeneration Cage Complex CHP Plant 3.5 MW Gas Turbine Generator (GTG) with single-pressure Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) Steam & Feedwater connected to existing Cage systems 19,000 / 50,000 lb/hr steam (unfired / supplementary fired) Electrically connected to ~11 large-load buildings near Cage: New per-building 13.8 kv feeders (underway) BED 13.8 kv upgrade* to Cage BED standby charge & other legal / commercial negotiations Building electrical load-following required Vermont Gas supply system upgrades* $15.7 mm*, net of $2.9 mm avoided boiler upgrade cost (* BED / VG upgrade costs not included)

12 Combined Heat & Power / Cogeneration Cage Complex CHP Plant WMG 2006 Study Basis 4.5 MW gas turbine and 60,000 lb/hr fired HRSG 9 buildings connected electrically Steam loads peaking at 130,000 lb/hr 2012 UVM and Potential Cogeneration System Changes 2 more buildings Davis & Jeffords UVM utilities group energy efficiency / conservation have lowered electrical & thermal loads 3.5 MW gas turbine and 50,000 lb/hr fired HRSG Increased project cost / complexity

13 Combined Heat & Power / Cogeneration 1 st -Year Annual Savings / Simple-Payback Gas Price $/mmbtu Avoided Electricity Price c/kw.hr Net Installed Cost $mm Total Savings $mm Total Costs $mm st -Year Annual Savings $mm Simple Payback Years Year Present-Worth / Break Even Point Gas Price $/mmbtu Electricity Price c/kw.hr st-Year Annual Savings $mm Year Present Worth $mm Break-Even Point Years N/A 12 A Cage Complex CHP Plant may warrant further examination.

14 Combined Heat & Power / Cogeneration University Heights CHP Potentially a modest cogeneration island: Relatively steady electrical load ~ 250 kw Hot-Water heating system (fed by Cage steam via HXE) Microturbines, Fuel Cells or Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engine with integral or external hot-water CHP system Simple Economic Summary - $5.00 gas; 15.0 c/kw.hr electricity Capstone Microturbine Typical Recip. UTC 400 Fuel Cell Description Units C65 ICHP C200 Engine (too big) Installed Cost $ 425,000 1,250,000 1,250,000 2,000,000 Net Power kw Thermal Heat mmbtu/hr Annual Net Savings $ 51, , , ,866 Nominal Payback * years * For different gas / electricity prices, payback is 15~25+ years. Payback is sensitive to building thermal useage / CHP hot-water generation matching

15 Solar Thermal

16 Solar Thermal Technology Collectors, storage, and heat exchangers Applications Year-round hot water demand Incentives Challenges Central steam plant Locations Marsh, Austin, Tupper, Living and Learning D, University Heights, Harris Millis Dining, Simpson Dining

17 Solar Thermal Harris Millis Commons Site Report Installation Detail System Spec. Collector Area 1606 sq.ft. Number of Collectors 40 Number of Arrays 5 DHW Demand 2,402 Gal/day Temperature Setting 140 F System Flow Rate 44.8 gpm

18 Fuel Cells

19 Fuel Cells PEM & SOFC fuel cells - Bloom Energy 100, 200 kw - UTC Power 400 kw Cogeneration with UTC model Site requirements: - large, consistent load - Heat load for UTC model High installed cost Payback versus stack replacement Maintenance and performance degradation Potentially economically viable with low price gas and high price electricity. Simple Economic Summary with 5.00 gas and 15.0 c/kw.hr electricity Description Bloom 100kW Bloom 200kW UTC 400KW Installed Cost $1,000,000 $1,300,000 $2,000,000 Annual Net Savings $76,000 $152,000 $345,000 Payback (years)

20 Biomass Typically wood chips, bark, sawdust, wood process residues, wood pellets, wood pallets, agricultural waste, yard clippings and even municipal solid wastes Thermal energy (heat); both electricity and thermal energy (i.e. CHP); or a renewable biogas or syngas.

21 Biomass Trinity Campus Biomass Heating Only Review/update of the 2011 Intern Trinity Biomass Study Examined Trinity buildings currently heated by gas boilers Basic economic and other considerations: - High capital cost biomass combustion boiler or gasifier - Biomass price uncertainty - Externalities physical space, truck traffic, emissions - Additional operators and O&M Simple payback 10~14 years at current gas prices, but uncompetitive if gas prices drop May be uncompetitive v.s. an extension of the UVM steam distribution system

22 Biomass Trinity Campus Biomass CHP UVM is considering district heating for electrically-heated Trinity buildings (requires new buried piping and per-room electric-to-hot-water heating coil conversions) Consider a modest CHP with hot-water for those buildings, plus electrical generation, for example: - AG-125 proprietary biomass cogeneration system kw net electrical output heating-season only mmbtu/hr thermal output heating season only $3.0~$3.5 mm (buried services / conversions not included) Simple Payback, based on 1 st -year Annual Savings: to 70 + years - Vermont SPEED biomass (12.5 c/kw.hr) does not improve economics

23 Biomass Cage Complex Biomass CHP Assume modestly sized biomass CHP (due to lack of fuel storage space) Same AG-125 proprietary biomass cogeneration system kw net electrical output year-round mmbtu/hr thermal output year-round - Thermal output used to pre-heat condensate decreases deaerator steam required $3.0~$3.5 mm capital cost Same externalities space, truck traffic, emissions Simple Payback, based on 1 st -year Annual Savings: to 90 + years - Vermont SPEED biomass (12.5 c/kw.hr) does not improve economics

24 Anaerobic Digestion

25 Anaerobic Digestion 1,000 tons/year Degradable organic waste collection - Existing compost program - Landscaping - Mixed manures Digestion to RNG CNG vehicles Economic Viability & Challenges Large capital investment Annual operations costs = fuel savings Payback non-existent Vehicle fleet changes Consider externalities Environmental advantages

26 Wind Energy

27 Campus Wind Speed: Class 1 Less than 11.6 mph Wind Energy Quiet Revolution 6.5 kw Small Wind Turbines: Siting Conditions & Locations Incentives UVM Small Scale Renewable Energy Program Northern Power Systems Feasible for Miller Farm location Micro Wind Turbines: Building / Ground Mount Structural issues Locations Technologies Cost Estimates Challenges Paybacks

28 Bolton Valley Ski Resort Wind Energy Miller Farm Site Report orthern Power Systems Northwind kw - interconnected to main service Annual Output: 170,000 kwh (est.) Installed cost: $640,000 Payback term: 18 years % offset: 25-35% Site Wind Speed: meter hub height

29 Geothermal

30 Geothermal Sites: The Back Five Mercy McAuley Blundell House Mann Hall UVM Rescue/Police Services/PPD Waterman Ground source heat pump Hybrid system Site selection: Available space for wells Independent of central plant Heating & cooling load The Back Five Replacing electric heat Mercy, McAuley Existing boilers to be replaced in near term Residential buildings

31 Next Steps Renewable Energy Options review, categorize, evaluate, resolve technology conflicts, prioritize, further detailed-study and decide on implementation Solar PV / Thermal Wind Generation Geothermal CHP/Cogeneration/Fuel Cells Biomass Heating / CHP Anaerobic Digestion / Biogas Energy Efficiency Buildings and Systems Optimize electricity useage / find negawatts Continue to improve steam / condensate distribution system Energy Cost Reduction Electricity Smart Metering Building electrical load / BED invoice aggregation

32 Thank You It was a pleasure working with the UVM Clean Energy Fund team and the interns