Near-Road Monitoring Update. NACAA MSC Meeting December 2010

Transcription

1 Near-Road Monitoring Update NACAA MSC Meeting December 2010

2 Near-road road Update Near-road road Monitoring Technical Assistance Document Near-road Monitoring Pilot Study Updated Case Example NR Site Selection Process Other Efforts 2

3 Near-road Monitoring Technical Assistance Document (TAD) 3 The TAD will be a how-to and best practices guide to near-road road NO2 site selection Near-road monitoring workgroup: OAQPS, OTAQ, ORD, Region 6, Region 9, NACAA, TCEQ, and Federal Highway Admin. We will make as multi-pollutant as possible Provide information on monitoring other pollutants On course to have a draft TAD by late Spring TAD will be submitted to CASAC AAMM for review Target timeframe for final TAD is Fall 2011

4 Near-road road Monitoring Pilot Study Objectives: 1) Verify and validate near-road site selection process, which will be presented in the TAD 2) Gather experience in establishing a near-road NO2 site, from scratch, to provide input into the TAD and to share with air monitoring community 4

5 Near-road Monitoring Pilot Study We have selected 5 first round CBSAs: Albuquerque, Baltimore, Boise, Miami, Tampa First step: Traffic & Geospatial analysis (the process ) This will produce the list of candidate road segments to more thoroughly investigate Second step: Passive monitoring at candidate sites Conduct duplicate sampling for business week or week-long exposures; minimum 1 month duration Will have passives at area-wide monitors Conduct height of sampling evaluation (select sites) Conduct gradient sampling (select sites) Conduct special purpose monitoring based State/local input 5

6 Near-road Monitoring Pilot Study Third step: Model select candidate site locations AERMOD fed by MOVES Possibly compare to CALINE and/or AERLINE (being developed in EPA-ORD) Once completed, EPA will provide data and results with partner agencies for use in implementing their near-road sites under CFR deadlines EPA will consider repeating steps one (the site selection process ) and two (passive monitoring) with a second set of state/local agencies who have shown interest in the near-road road pilot (+10 CBSAs) 6

7 Near-road Pilot Permanent Stations 7 EPA has selected Boise and Miami (Broward County) to install permanent near-road NO2 monitoring sites EPA is providing template work plans for the grants EPA will continue to work with these two partners beyond the first steps of the pilot in identifying i appropriate, accessible locations and installing sites properly p and safely Installation is to begin as soon as possible Limitations are moving funds, procuring equipment, and didentifying if i and securing access to a site

8 Near-road Pilot Permanent Stations 8 Considering CASAC AAMM advice, EPA is asking permanent stations to monitor: NO2 (photolytic-chemiluminescentchemiluminescent method) CO Black Carbon (Aethalometer) Ultrafine PM Meteorology (WS, WD, T, RH preferably at 10 meters, possibly also at 2 meters) Traffic counting device (e.g. tower mount radar, etc) Station ti is to be capable to house a multi-pollutant ll t t suite of instrumentation

9 Near-road Site Selection Tool CASAC AAMM suggested EPA investigate the option of creating a tool to aide in near-road site selection EPA envisions such a tool would embody the process and procedures captured in the TAD One concept is a tool that could be fed existing traffic data for an area to produce a list of candidate sites representative of the data available (e.g., AADT, fleet mix, level of service, emissions data) EPA has continued to refine the site selection process that would be the basis of the TAD, and possibly a site selection tool 9

10 1-hr NO 2 NAAQS Standard Near-Road Monitor Placement : Tampa Pilot Study Timothy Barzyk, Anna Ciesielski Photo image area measures 2 H x 6.93 W and can be masked by a collage strip of one, two or three images. The photo image area is located 3.19 from left and 3.81 from top of page. Each image used in collage should be reduced or cropped to a maximum of 2 high, stroked with a 1.5 pt white frame and positioned edge-to-edge with accompanying images. Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory

11 Components to Inform Placement Two preliminary steps: Boundaries of the CBSA * Number of Monitors Required Main Steps: 1. AADT for Roadways 2. Fleet Mix * 3. LOS / Congestion Patterns * 4. Roadway Design 5. Terrain 6. Meteorology 7. Population Density / Characteristics (SES) 11 * Data likely available only from local sources

12 Boundaries of the CBSA An example will be shown for the Tampa- St.Petersburg-Clearwater CBSA, which includes Hernando, Pinellas, Pasco, and Hillsborough Counties. 12

13 Number of Monitors Required 13

14 Automated Model for ArcGIS; Steps

15 1. AADT for Roadways Based on AADT distribution for Tampa CBSA, list or map highest AADT counts. (816 AADT records; from p g ) Examine mapped AADT values to determine whether high AADTs are grouped along roadway segments or spread across different areas of the CBSA. Locate the area of highest traffic volume for each roadway. Plot 50m buffers around the highest traffic segments. AADT No. of Segments >100, >140, >160,000 9 I 275 Highest AADT I 4 15 I 275

16 2. AADT + Fleet Mix (815 Truck AADT Records for Tampa CBSA; from ). Rank the sites by average number of trucks per day. Notice their locations relative to the high AADT sites. If one monitor site is required, determine which sites, if any, have relatively high truck and total traffic. If two monitor sites are required, determine both the highest total and highest truck traffic locations. Plot 50m buffers around the segments with highest truck traffic. Note where total and truck buffers overlap. Truck AADT Number of Segments >10, >12, >14, ,000 / 12, Highest AADT / Trucks Combination

17 3. AADT + Trucks + LOS / Congestion Patterns Match LOS information with AADT and fleet mix counts. Determine whether additional hotspots may exist due to, for example, the same amount of traffic flowing through half as many lanes.

18 4. Roadway Design at AADT (1), AADT / Truck (2), and AADT / Truck / Congestion (3) sites Legend AADT + FLEET MIX + CONGESTION: 5 lanes line and >120,000 and Trucks >10,000 and 5 lanes AADT + FLEET MIX: AADT >120,000 & Trucks >10,000 AADT: Tampa AADT >180,000 Tampa AADT >120,000 Highway with wide median Tampa Truck AADT >10,000 Highway with wide median Interchange

19 5. Terrain Near at-grade roadway Near elevated roadway First, a relatively clear area is needed for monitor placement to ensure that the line/arc of sight between the roadway and the monitor is not obstructed. Secondly, vehicles traveling uphill emit more pollutants. Elevation profiles (W to E) are shown below there is not one for Site 3 because inclines are a natural characteristic of the interchange. Site 3 Site 1 Range in Elevation: ~8 38 ft Site 2 Range in Elevation: ~9 44 ft 19

20 6. Meteorology 2009 Wind Direction Trends: mostly sporadic; from the West in the summer. Thus, there is no clear influence of wind direction on monitor placement. Source: Weather Underground Historical Data Source: AQS Data Mart 20

21 7. Population Density / Characteristics (SES) (Block-level population counts from 2000 U.S. Census.) Totalpopulation 0-15 Site

22 7. Population Density / Characteristics (SES) (Block-level population p counts from 2000 U.S. Census.) Totalpopulation Sites 2 and 3 22

23 Other efforts EPA is in the process of producing emissions tables that reflects vehicle type and operating speed for multiple pollutants (and for CO, cold start conditions) Such look up tables would be included in the TAD This information could be used in the site selection process and in model applications If EPA is able to produce a site selection tool, EPA can consider a hand-out piece of software, or a web-tool Discussion on preferences, pros, and cons is desired 23