FOR DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY, ROCKWELL HALL AN EXISTING BUILDING

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1 FOR DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY, ROCKWELL HALL AN EXISTING BUILDING OVERVIEW Building: Rockwell Hall, Constructed 1958 Building Owner: Duquesne University Location: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Building Size: 165,945 GSF, 13-stories Building Type: College/University Campus Level Annual Site Energy Use: Reduced from (tbd) kbtu/sf/yr to (tbd) kbtu/sf/yr CBECS EUI- Site: 120 kbtu/sf/yr Energy Star Rating: Increased from (tbd) to (tbd) Total Cost of Retrofit: $(tbd) ($(tbd)/sf) Total Cost Savings: $(tbd) ($(tbd)/sf) Percent Energy Cost Reduction: (tbd)% Simple Return on Investment: (tbd)% Construction Timeline: (tbd) (TBD) Sustainability Director (Owner Representative): Dr. Robert Sroufe Ph.D., Duquesne University smba Energy Assurance Advisor: Craig E. Stevenson, James Construction PLAN SUMMARY A building-specific Energy Assurance plan for Duquesne University, Rockwell Hall represents a gamechanging approach to provide Duquesne University with the control required to measure and manage a building(s) energy efficiency. The Energy Assurance plan for Rockwell Hall is a deep, integrated energy efficient solution for buildings. There are two themes that guide the development of the Energy Assurance plan; the cheapest form of energy is energy that is never used and building performance improvements must have a financially justifiable Return-On-Investment (ROI) payback. The main goal of Rockwell Hall s customized Energy Assurance plan is to provide Energy Utilization Intensity (EUI) goals chosen by Duquesne University based on financial returns for the purpose of dramatically reducing energy consumption. This contemporary Energy Assurance plan creates passive-first EUI strategic solutions by integrating 21st century building science knowledge with proven sustainability practices; specifically Passive House, USGBC LEED, and Living Building Net Zero principals. Using a customized financial payback ROI model, we will analyze the intersection of the financial tolerances of Duquesne University with the planned EUI target of the design strategies. In short, we will integrate EUI targets into a financial payback model. The legacy of Rockwell Hall s Energy Assurance plan will be a pathway to net-zero energy consumption. The implementation of an effective Energy Assurance plan secures Duquesne University s position in an elite but rapidly growing group of sustainable thought leaders. Moreover, performing deep, integrated energy efficient retrofits across Duquesne University s building stock makes sense now, more than ever, because the industry is ready, buildings are ripe, and such renovations are profitable.

2 ENERGY ASSURANCE BUILDING ANALYSIS SERVICES Energy benchmarks for the existing performance of Rockwell Hall serves as points of references with other similar buildings. Experience has shown that understanding how a building and the occupants use energy can lead to actions that save energy, whether it s a major building retrofit or merely turning off equipment and lights at the end of the day. Benchmarking with comparable buildings is useful for setting reduction targets. Disclosure can be accomplished by using building monitors, dashboards, building identification plaques, and Energy Star s Portfolio Manager. This plan will include the following baseline analysis activities: 1. Calculate energy use intensity (EUI) benchmarks, including EUI- Site and EUI- Source calculations, completed through analysis of the historic utility utilization, utility metering, and/or energy audits. 2. Enter buildings into Energy Star Portfolio Manager, the most common U.S. energy benchmark system used today. 3. Conduct building usage interviews to understand how the building is intended to function. Select quality assurance testing to determine if the building is being used as intended and designed. Focusing on the desired end-use is critically important to eliminating unnecessary energy wastes. 4. Review of construction design documents, including utility systems, as-built drawings and air balance reports. 5. Review and survey renewable and alternative energy solutions. 6. Existing light level and distribution audit, including light metering of existing spaces. 7. Existing building envelope analysis, including infrared thermograph imaging audit and blower-door airleakage testing. 8. Begin to consider and discuss EUI reduction goals. Goals should be performance-based, quantifiable, and include a timeframe. The Energy Assurance plan goals should contain a vision, like sustainability flagship for the rest of the organization or most energy efficient religious worship building in the nation. The defined objectives set forth to meet the goals will be vetted in the MASTER PLANNING SERVICES section. ENERGY ASSURANCE MASTER PLANNING SERVICES Duquesne University, Rockwell Hall Energy Team Assemble an integrated team of knowledgeable people with related project experience, wherein we can build a foundation of high performance building knowledge to share energy conservation goals and concerns across disciplines. The Duquesne University Energy Team will be the executive management team representing the Energy Assurance plan for Rockwell Hall. The Duquesne University Energy Team will engage project stakeholders and industry experts; including owner, tenants, facilities management, maintenance personnel, service provider, local government, designers, engineers, and construction teams early in the planning process to facilitate the analysis and planning of building performance solutions. The Duquesne University Energy Team will also identify and engage value-based industry experts that will want to align with and contribute to the sustainability project. Achieving the goal of cost effective high performance buildings relies on the contributions of the entire project team from the pre-design through post-occupancy. This holistic approach to energy conservation measures is essential, as existing buildings will require unique and varying solutions to improve building performance. Identify Opportunities Create a comprehensive list of individual measures for potential energy optimization consideration. Focus on the desired end-use to prioritize purpose and application before equipment, efficiency before supply, passive before active, simplicity before complexity. Define the full technical potential for buildings. The technical potential of a building is the energy use that would result from implementing all of the most cutting-edge efficiency measures possible, given today s technology, not limited by financial, schedule, operational disruption, constructability constraints, or other impediments. Hold an Innovation Charrette. A charrette brings together the Duquesne University Energy Team along with project stakeholders and industry experts at the very outset of the process for brainstorming, discussion, and converging on synergistic solutions. An innovation charrette assembles a diverse group of building experts to identify opportunities, barriers, and solutions to achieving significant energy savings. Energy Conservation Measures are typically classified under the following categories: Envelope: Upgraded insulation and air infiltration prevention, moisture management, green and/or cool roof, addition of high-efficiency windows and doors, including the use of tinting, sunshades and rain screens, passive thermal energy storage, active thermal storage, and thermal mass. Site: Strategic placement of Deciduous trees to permit winter sun and block summer sun. Natural and artificial shading for building walls to reduce heat load. Review of vertical hard surfaces, including proximity and materials, to mitigate heat-island effect near the building envelope. Analysis of wind patterns to maximize natural ventilation and renewable sources of energy, while negating buffering.

3 HVAC: Replacement, alteration, or elimination of mechanical equipment. Includes active and passive heating and cooling methods. Examples include; natural ventilation, evaporative cooling, night venting and air purge, underfloor air distribution, increased ventilation rate, operable windows, energy recovery ventilation, high efficiency HVAC, radiant floor heating, radiant cooling panels, ground source heat pumps, chilled beams, ice storage, heat recovery, and economizers. Lighting: Replacement and/or alteration to the lighting system, including the incorporation of task lighting, lighting controls and daylighting. Examples include; top lighting (skylights), side lighting (clerestory), high performance glass, high efficiency lighting, exterior window shading, interior window blinds, occupancy sensors, and lighting controls. o Daylighting: A sub-set of lighting defined as an energy feature rather than a view or aesthetic feature. Acceptable daylighting measures incorporate exterior and interior shading, light sensors, and/or light tubes. Controls: Includes the addition of an Energy Monitoring System, Building Automation System, Building Management System, demand control ventilation, CO2 sensors, and/or lighting and occupancy controls. Renewable Energy Generation: Examples include; Solar PV, Active Solar, Passive Solar, Solar Hot Water Heaters, Wind Power, and Hydro Power. Policy Modifications: Energy Management Policy, Expand the allowable ranges for indoor temperature and humidity, and Energy Star certified office equipment and auxiliary appliances. Create Scenarios Using the knowledge gained from Identify Opportunities, the Duquesne University Energy Team will create bundles of measures that form various investment options for the decision-makers. Preferential weight will be given to passive measures over active measures. Once a comprehensive list of individual measures is identified, each measure will be analyzed in relation to the project goals. Then the individual measures will be logically grouped and analyzed for its compounded impact to the project goals. Experience has proven that combining individual energy optimization measures is the most efficient method to maximize building performance. First, bundled measures will be evaluated by constructability groupings and building triggers for timing purposes. Timing consideration must be given to alignment with equipment replacement cycles, occupant disturbance, sequence of construction for thermal load reduction measures and equipment modifications, and budgeting. A critical step in planning a deep, integrated energy efficient retrofit is determining the ideal situations for performing a wholebuilding analysis. A major end-of-life replacement offers opportunity to add in energy improvements or adjust the planned improvement to make the building more efficient and to build value at minimal added cost. It is important to develop an implementation timeline that may be immediate and several years. Second, bundled measures will be entered into energy models to analyze their impact to EUI. We will develop a dynamic hourly energy model of the building to simulate annual energy performance, and to generate energy savings estimates for the energy efficiency measures generated during the analysis. The energy simulation will be generated using IES VE, a state-of-the-art energy simulation package which allows detailed simulation of building envelope performance, complex building HVAC and process systems, daylight harvesting energy savings, and passive heating, cooling, and ventilation approaches. IES VE is recognized world-wide as one of the leading energy analysis packages because of its broad range of capabilities and proven accuracy. Subcomponent modeling and validation will be performed as necessary to confirm systems and assemblies, including thermal bridge analysis, hygrothermal durability analysis, engineering building components, like lighting and daylighting, and their relative impact on the building HVAC systems, and lighting systems. For this Energy Assurance plan, the energy model findings will aide in making informed choices to improve energy efficiency, reduce utility costs, upgrade infrastructure and reduce the environmental impact of the building along with helping to predict the building performance. Third, bundled measures will be evaluated by their financial impact. Using a customized financial payback ROI models, we will analyze the intersection of the financial tolerances of the owner with the planned EUI target of the design strategies. In short, we will integrate EUI targets into a financial payback model. However, the total financial benefits of high performance buildings should not be judged based on initial and operational costs alone. A comprehensive triple bottom line and integrated bottom line analysis will include a review that captures beneficial impacts on social, natural, and financial performance. The Energy Assurance plan for Rockwell Hall will identify financially profitable niches which were missed when money alone was the driving factor. High performance construction should be viewed as an integrated bottom line investment. Each bundled measure will be subject to proper financial analysis, constructability analysis, and cost estimates. Applying Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCAA), which evaluates packages of related measures as opposed to individual measures so that the greatest possible energy and cost savings is captured. Life cycle cost analyses will examine bundles of efficiency measures in relation to a business-as-usual scenario and estimating capital cost savings from equipment downsizing.

4 Create Pathway to Very-Low or Net-Zero Energy Use Net-zero energy use is achieved when a building generates as much energy as it consumes over the course of a year. A significant reduction in EUI, allows alternative energy to power a greater percentage of a buildings demands. Likewise smaller demand equates to smaller and more affordable alternative energy systems providing higher costbenefit value. This Energy Assurance plan places Duquesne University within reach for achieving true net-zero performance, making use of renewable energy solutions smaller thus more affordable and attainable. A pathway to very-low or even net-zero energy use is not necessarily a scenario that needs to be presented to a decision-maker for consideration for current investment, but it is helpful to the owner to have a high-level plan that illustrates how decisions made today will impact goals set down the road. The Energy Assurance plan is a living document, a process of continuous improvement, building on past lessonslearned to achieve an overall goal of net-zero energy use for Rockwell Hall. IMPLEMENTATION Construction Team Integrated Project Delivery Assemble an integrated construction team with related project experience, wherein we can build a foundation of high performance building knowledge and share stakeholder goals and concerns across disciplines. Ideally, the Duquesne University Energy Team members will be included as members of the implementation team, to conduct training and oversight of the construction team to ensure design implementation and achievement of project goals. Integrated project delivery brings together the Duquesne University Energy Team, designers, engineers, and construction teams early in the planning process to implement the building performance strategies. Precise construction of building details is mission critical for high performance projects, so we move beyond typical construction administration work by conducting complete envelope commission and comprehensive quality control testing. Commissioning is a technical verification process and quality check for buildings systems. It provides a baseline for performance and ensures that design and building targets are met. Ideally, a third-party firm is contracted as your agent to commission the building. Retain their services from the earliest design stages to document design intent and review drawings, and continue through the first year of occupancy. Commissioning also sets the foundation for a sustainable energy management program. Comprehensive quality control testing of envelope enhancements includes air sealing training and observation, preinsulation and final blower door testing and air seal troubleshooting, and post insulation and final thermal image testing to ensure that the high performance design is implemented correctly. Additionally, duct leakage tests and final test and balance of the HVAC system are critically significant in any deep, integrated energy efficient retrofit. This quality assurance guarantees durability, performance and construction quality, allowing project engineers to design close to their engineering calculations and optimize the size and capacity of their proposed systems. The construction team will monitor, verify and fine tune the building s systems for optimal performance, and provide building operators with the clear owner s manual necessary to keep the building running in optimum condition. Conduct re-commissioning after 2 years of operation, complete with retraining of operations staff to ensure the high performance building continues to deliver super-efficiency, comfort and low maintenance as designed. ENERGY ASSURANCE MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION At the conclusion of each implementation phase in the Energy Assurance plan, the project stakeholders must be trained and a monitoring and verification system must be implemented. The project stakeholders will require training to maintain and operate the building s systems so that the Energy Assurance plan s intentions are understood and realized. Educational workshops would help to promote Duquesne University s brand as an innovative thoughtleader, practitioner, and educator in the sustainability community. Develop and implement a measurement and verification plan to ensure the building will continue to save what was anticipated. The use of smart meters and power quality analyzers should be considered to assess usage, harmonic distortion, peaks, swells and interruptions amongst others to ultimately make buildings more energy-efficient. Often such meters communicate building's energy usage in a dynamic presentable format by using wireless sensor networks. Measurement and verification plans will incorporate utility metering and may include wall displays, dashboards, and/or online energy management plans. It is recommended that EUI performance reports are generated and distributed to the Duquesne University Energy Team monthly in the first year of occupancy, and quarterly in the two through five year post occupancy. The practice of designing and delivering high performance buildings is still an emerging field. Therefore, the project team should allow for some degree of on-the-job training and research.

5 Monitoring-Based Commissioning Monitoring-based commissioning services import, manage and interrogate real building profile or schedule data, down to one minute time steps, for use within the whole-building energy model simulations. Actual consumption data is compared to the simulation model to enhance building performance. Simulation profiles can be used to improve operational models or help close the performance gap by bringing design models closer to reality. Monitoring-based commissioning profiles can be used to: 1. Investigate the impact of retrofit options using real building data 2. Undertake Post Occupancy Evaluations 3. Correlate Digital Meter Data 4. Correlate Weather Station Data 5. Improve operational models for performance contracting 6. Aid in delivering a seamless handoff from construction into building operation 7. Undertake Monitoring Based Commissioning for LEED V4 8. Undertake LEED Measurement and Verification 9. Help close the performance gap by simulating designs closer to reality Monitoring-based commissioning tools easily import.csv files, graphically interrogate the completeness of data, undertake some initial analysis using in-build analytics, and export as a Free Form Profile Data file (.ffd) into IES VE for use in simulations. Energy Dashboard The Energy Assurance Plan includes an Energy Dashboard, including software and hardware, for real time energy monitoring of individual buildings and groups of buildings for Duquesne University. The system receives real-time data from digital meters, digital weather station, indoor temperature and humidity sensors, lights sensors, occupancy sensors, and other building monitoring devices; devices are provided under separate proposals. The Energy Dashboard receives data from digital or analog devices via various communication protocols like, bacnet MODBUS, LONWorks, 4-20 ma, or pulse output, resulting in web based access to real-time trended meter information for the life of the building. Energy Assurance Measurement and Verification services include an annual maintenance contract for software updates. The JACE Equipment Controller is an embedded controller/server platform designed for monitoring and control applications over the Internet. The base controller can manage up to 150 points and is licensed for five (5) remote devices and can be expanded to fit any size of installation. The Energy Dashboard displays live data in real-time including Energy Star Portfolio Manager rating, utility consumption, CO2 emission data, predictive utility consumption markers, electric demand, average zone temperature vs. set points, and weather forecast. Targets developed in the Energy Assurance Master Planning Services are displayed for comparative analysis against actual performance metrics, in a process also known as Continuous Commissioning services. CONCLUSION Energy Star s Portfolio Manager can generate a Statement of Energy Performance for each benchmarked property. It provides a building s EPA energy performance ratings, site and source EUI, annual energy costs, and annual carbon emissions equivalents. This industry standard for documenting building performance at a high level will allow the Energy Team members to rank the buildings and better understand how they compare. Smart Community Lifecycle Planning Smart Community Lifecycle (SCL) process is Energy Master Planning for groups of buildings including consultancy for project layout and development mapping. SCL is initiated through the generation of 3D models for the district building stock which becomes the foundation to support future smart community activities including, but not limited to, individual building Energy Master Planning, data storage and extraction, and benchmarking through various project phases. SCL allows owners to investigate various project analytics (energy, daylight, solar radiation, PV potential, airflow, LEED, climate, etc.) at a macro level and refine the detail to a micro perspective depending on the desired metrics. SCL includes the creation of 3D massing model geometry for districts or groups of buildings. Once the model is built, we will conduct advanced simulation studies for various analytics as prioritized and defined by the Owner. This may include site blocking, building massing, preliminary solar array studies, PV potential, alternative energy system analysis, pedestrian/vehicle/mass transit transportation studies, wind and ventilation calculations, district energy evaluations, water balance, EUI per district/zone, whole site energy consumption, etc. The data is presented in various reports, 3D model application and digital interfaces as appropriate for Duquesne University. SCL offers owners an enhanced control of costs that have never been truly controlled in the past. The unique value of the Energy Assurance Plan brings together a highly complementary system that provides owner with a vast amount of real data and the ability to control their building(s) using that data.

6 An Energy Team will prove invaluable in creating and optimizing an Energy Management Policy for Duquesne University. An Energy Management Policy can commit Duquesne University to portfolio-wide targets and timelines. An Energy Team can implement a comprehensive strategic plan for organization-wide renewable energy solutions. Finally, an Energy Team with a comprehensive Energy Management Policy backed up with documented EUI performance will solidify Duquesne University s commitment to a sustainable footprint. Duquesne University is in the unique position to forge innovative sustainability solutions organization wide. Sustainability initiatives can be and should be planned in a similar manner for urban infill, transportation issues, and worker productivity. Imagine Duquesne University as a net-zero energy consumption organization. This Energy Assurance Plan is authored and owned by Craig E. Stevenson, James Construction. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on deep energy retrofits and deep energy retrofit measures for buildings. Information provided in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of any particular outcome, results, conditions, or characteristics.. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of James Corporation d/b/a James Construction.