BEST3 / 3 April 2012 / Mark Perepelitza. enclosure performance research applications in professional practice

Transcription

1 BEST3 / 3 April 2012 / Mark Perepelitza enclosure performance research applications in professional practice

2 enclosure research applications context + significance

3 enclosure research applications context + significance aggressive energy goals 2030 Challenge USGBC LEED Living Building Challenge Net zero energy and/or carbon U.S. Zero Energy Building Goals by Organization, Paul Torcellini, NREL, presentation slide,

4 enclosure research applications context + significance building enclosure plays a significant role in meeting aggressive energy goals current state of practice priorities construction budget building program design objectives building performance current state of practice design and engineering team and process MEP / structural / enclosure / specialty scope of services / design fees analysis methods range of project goals exemplary / demonstration projects (Living Building, net zero) aspiring projects with modest budgets conventional projects (meet code)

5 enclosure research applications context + significance performance requirements energy efficiency cannot be pursued in isolation other impacts on building enclosure (durability/longevity) occupant comfort, productivity, well-being meeting the demands of aggressive energy goals building enclosure research innovative consulting services example covered in other sessions: increased insulation typically improves energy performance, but also has hygrothermal impacts panel presentations three examples complex fenestration research (LBNL) daylight analysis research (IDL) human comfort simulation research (CBE/LBNL)

6 enclosure research applications: context + significance window systems energy asset or burden? negatives poor U-value often not optimized for daylighting admit too much solar heat gain potential views and light are essential positive performance is possible for reasonable cost but often require analysis to set and confirm priorities dynamic interior and exterior conditions interrelated systems

7 enclosure research applications: context + significance research / analysis support services national laboratories renewable energy research (NREL) energy efficiency research (LBNL, NREL, ORNL, others) development of energy simulation software DOE2, EnergyPlus LBNL Window, Optics, Therm materials testing / database LBNL glazing utility-funded energy efficiency programs Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory Portland / Eugene (UO) Integrated Design Lab Seattle (UW) Pacific Energy Center university research centers research applications / outreach consulting services

8 enclosure research applications: context + significance bridging the gaps ASHRAE Advance Energy Design Guides (30% and 50% savings) Whole Building Design Guide UMN Commercial Windows IDL Lighting Pattern Guide

9 enclosure research applications: context + significance bridging the gaps complex fenestration research Christian Kohler, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) daylighting analysis research and applications Christopher Meek, Integrated Design Lab, University of Washington, Seattle thermal comfort modeling and applications Sabine Hoffmann, CBE / LBNL Images: Christopher Meek

10 enclosure research applications complex fenestration

11 complex fenestration definition simple glazing (specular: clear, tinted, low-e) optical properties consistent for solar angles 60 or less from normal angle of incidence (IGDB) complex glazing materials have diffusing and/or light redirecting properties / multiple or single plane complex fenestration optical properties (transmitted and reflected) are dependent on the angle at which the light hits the glazing diffuse products frits, etc slat products venetian blinds weave products roller shades non-woven planar drapes and honeycomb products LBNL

12 complex fenestration current practice / performance potential most projects have at least some complex fenestration typical analysis methods are inaccurate engineers can only size systems basted on loads that can be quantified thus complex fenestration solar shading is typically ignored ZGF Architects

13 complex fenestration research overview / applications / tools materials testing: surface properties of glazing, shading, and other materials measuring with a scanning radiometer layers and systems scanned results are digitally modeled as layers and systems assembly characteristics maintained in database (CGDB) can be used to simulate daylighting and whole building energy performance Image: LBNL

14 LBNL Software Tools for Performance Evaluation IGDB (Specular Glass Data Source) calculation CGDB (Complex Glazing Data Base) Optics (Window Glass) WINDOW (Whole Window) THERM (Window Frame) Design / Simulation Tools DOE-2, EnergyPlus Radiance COMFEN (Single Zone Commercial) RESFEN (Whole Building Residential)

15 complex fenestration tools: COMFEN comparative facade analysis tool including complex fenestration assemblies developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab simulation engine: EnergyPlus performance output energy use solar loads thermal comfort daylighting and visual comfort climate SOFTWARE DOWNLOAD

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21 complex fenestration COMFEN applications UCSD Laboratory Project: ZGF

22 complex fenestration COMFEN applications San Diego Civic Center: ZGF Architects

23 complex fenestration COMFEN applications GSA Federal Center South, Seattle: ZGF Architects

24 complex fenestration COMFEN applications NIH31, Bethesda Maryland Retrofit facade performance study ZGF Architects

25 complex fenestration implications short term support design + performance decision making regarding complex fenestration accurate analysis daylighting (Radiance) solar heat gain management (Window6 and COMFEN) whole building energy use (EnergyPlus) long term accurate performance data from manufacturers for multi-layered and diffusing assemblies accessible analysis methods for performance input during all stages of design, documentation, and construction

26 enclosure research applications daylighting analysis

27 daylighting analysis importance of daylight in buildings quality of architecture: space, form, materials health, well-being, productivity visual connections energy savings light has always been recognized as one of the most powerful formgivers available to the designer, and great architects have always understood its importance as the principal medium which puts man in touch with his environment. William Lam, Perception and Lighting as Formgivers for Architecture

28 daylighting analysis objectives provide adequate lighting distribute daylight as deep as possible manage glare reduce electric light use (control systems) variables dynamic conditions: daily and seasonal building type and design intentions functional pragmatic buildings (offices, schools) high quality interior spaces (library, cafe) ceremonial buildings (chapel, museum) tradeoffs dynamic quality, tolerable levels of glare, operations and maintenance, cost ZGF Architects above: EPA R8 below: 12 west

29 daylighting analysis current practice observation / experience / intuition analysis reference materials interior window coverings

30 daylighting analysis daylighting research, metrics, & tools research areas psychological and physiological effects on occupants design / aesthetics daylight distribution energy performance solar control electric lighting reduction via control systems research methods post-occupancy surveys human subject studies mock-up and chamber tests daylight measurements in existing buildings materials testing physical scale models 3d computer modeling and analysis energy simulations

31 daylighting analysis daylighting research, metrics, & tools metrics illuminance: foot-candle (fc), lux luminance: nits, candela per sq meter daylight factor: ratio of interior to exterior illuminance daylight autonomy (DA) useful daylight illuminance (UDI) simulation tools Radiance Ecotect Daysim Diva (Radiance) Mental Ray

32 daylighting analysis resources

33 daylighting analysis resources

34 daylighting analysis resources

35 daylighting analysis post occupancy measuring glare ZGF: 12 west analysis: Kyle Konis

36 daylighting analysis implications short term / long term education + awareness daylighting solution guides integrated design / analysis process 3d design visualizations daylighting visualizations quick feedback cycles results reduced energy and carbon footprint beautiful innovative daylit architecture EPA R8 Headquarters: ZGF Architects

37 enclosure research applications thermal comfort analysis

38 thermal comfort a fundamental enclosure role occupant comfort, productivity, well-being is essential for all occupied building types temperature / thermal radiation humidity air quality air movement acoustics daylight views energy use implications constant interior temperature in all seasons vs. adaptive comfort low-energy conditioning systems (radiant, passive cooling) thermal asymmetry

39 thermal comfort modeling current practice responsibility for thermal comfort? architect HVAC engineer shared architect + engineer impact of building enclosure on comfort impact of HVAC systems on comfort conventional passive / low energy

40 thermal comfort modeling PMV / Fanger predicted mean vote (PMV) model is the standard method used to evaluate comfort in buildings, but has serious limitations: uniform thermal environments comfort chambers, not typical occupied spaces with perimeter zones

41 thermal comfort modeling Berkeley Comfort Model / SoloCalc models sensitive to detailed thermal complexities around the body simulation of asymmetrical interior environment simulation body parts and overall body sensation heat transfer via convection, conduction, and radiation Berkeley Comfort Model developed by UC Berkeley, Center for the Built Environment 16 body parts, 4 layers (of core, muscle, fat and skin) and overall body sensation SoloCalc developed by Sabine Hoffmann with CBE and LBNL incorporates complex fenestration data from Window 6.2 accurate 3-dimensional solar angles. 65 node model of human body

42 thermal comfort modeling Berkeley Comfort Model manikin represents human figure within the room (located anywhere inside) model calculates heat transfer between the occupant and the environment convection conduction radiation solar heat gain through windows can be measure by how much radiation is hitting the body and where

43 thermal comfort modeling case study hospital patient rooms impact of exterior shading on thermal comfort research collaboration: Sabine Hoffmann, CBE, and ZGF ZGF Architects

44 thermal comfort modeling case study hospital patient rooms Primary Analysis Area

45 thermal comfort modeling case study hospital patient rooms objectives provide thermally comfortable environment in patient rooms for patient, family members and other visitors maintain daylight and views (important for healing) minimize thermal extremes manage building enclosure, primarily windows to reduce major heat losses and gains that create a strong thermal asymmetry in the room efficiently condition space to balance temperature radiant heat at windows provides efficient heating to help balance window heat loss

46 thermal comfort modeling case study hospital patient rooms hot exterior conditions solar heat gain through window creates hot area patient bed area low-e glass coating helps reject solar radiation fixed exterior shades help block solar radiation air cooling system with economizer mode provides efficient space cooling visitor area

47 thermal comfort modeling case study hospital patient rooms solar load without and with exterior shade analysis: Sabine Hoffmann

48 thermal comfort modeling case study hospital patient rooms thermal sensation and comfort without and with exterior shade analysis: Sabine Hoffmann

49 thermal comfort modeling case study hospital patient rooms thermal comfort analysis supported decision-making regarding exterior sun shades ZGF Architects

50 thermal comfort modeling implications short and long term optimize both thermal comfort and energy performance in perimeter zones accurate analysis of solar influx through facade assemblies can support iterations of design / analysis including shading configurations, control systems and glazing assemblies short term analysis via research collaboration and specialty consulting long term integration into design tools design and performance: inside out / outside in comfort could play a generative role relative to building and enclosure design develop form, enclosure, and systems to support comfort with lowest possible energy use image: Sabine Hoffmann

51 enclosure research applications conclusions

52 enclosure research applications conclusions integrated strategies for design + performance human needs building program building enclosure building systems research methods and tools development applications to practice collaboration and feedback verification: post occupancy evaluations overall energy use M&V of systems occupant satisfaction surveys information feedback cycles

53 thank you